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Biomedical subjects

A S Moore

Publications and source records attributed to A S Moore.

60 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
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Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats.

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.

Administration, Oral↗
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Localized thermo-cisplatin therapy: a pilot study in spontaneous canine and feline tumours.

Local hyperthermia combined with intralesional cisplatin chemotherapy is a logical and potentially effective therapeutic approach for localized cancers. A trial using outbred animals with spontaneously occurring tumours was initiated to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of this approach. Treatment consisted of injection of a colloidal suspension of cisplatin into the tumour prior to hyperthermia once a week for 4 weeks. Immediately after intratumoral injection of a mixture of cisplatin and collagen, thermotherapy was given. The goal temperature was 42 +/- 1 degrees C for 30 min. Ten animals (nine dogs and one cat) with soft tissue neoplasms were treated with one to four hyperthermia and cisplatin sessions for a total of 30 treatment sessions. Complete responses occurred in 4/10 cases (one carcinoma, two sarcomas, one melanoma). One dog with haemangiopericytoma had partial response. The lack of systemic toxicity and the minimal local normal tissue reactions indicate that the treatments were well tolerated. These data provide preliminary evidence that a combination of local hyperthermia and intratumoral cisplatin chemotherapy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of selected localized neoplasms.

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Radiotherapy of incompletely resected, moderately differentiated mast cell tumors in the dog: 37 cases (1989-1993).

Thirty-seven dogs with moderately differentiated, cutaneous mast cell tumors had incomplete surgical excisions as determined by histopathology, but no gross evidence of tumor. All dogs were irradiated to a total dose of between 46.2 and 48.0 Gy using either an orthovoltage source (n = 20) or a linear accelerator (megavoltage) (n = 17). Radiation was delivered to an area bordered by margins of 3 cm or greater around the surgical scar. The mast cell tumors had not recurred in 97% of dogs by one year after radiation therapy and had not recurred in 93% of dogs by three years after radiation. Both orthovoltage and megavoltage radiation provide excellent local control of moderately differentiated mast cell tumors in dogs.

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Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991-1993).

A retrospective analysis was performed on the case records of 32 dogs with Stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma that were treated by splenectomy alone and that survived the seven-day postoperative period. Median survival time for these 32 cases was 86 days (mean, 116 days; range, 14 to 470 days), and the one-year survival rate was estimated to be 6.25%. Survival was not influenced by signalment, presenting signs, stage of disease, or clinicopathological findings. The data provides a basis from which to evaluate adjuvant chemotherapy for splenic hemangiosarcoma that is confined to the spleen macroscopically.

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Evaluation of a discontinuous treatment protocol (VELCAP-S) for canine lymphoma.

Eighty-two dogs with lymphoma received a single 15-week course of chemotherapy, after which treatment was ceased until relapse. Fifty-six dogs (68%) achieved complete remission for a median 1st remission duration of 20 weeks. Forty-eight dogs relapsed, of which 30 repeated the induction cycle. In 22 of these dogs, 1st remission had been short, and they received maintenance chemotherapy; the other 8 dogs received 2 or 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy. Second remission rate for these 30 dogs was 87% (26 dogs). Overall disease control for the 38 dogs that remained on protocol was 44 weeks, which was not markedly shorter than for dogs treated with a previously reported protocol in which maintenance chemotherapy was instituted in all dogs after an identical 1st induction (VELCAP-L). Dogs that were febrile and dogs that were dyspneic were less likely to achieve a complete remission to induction chemotherapy. Of dogs that achieved a complete remission, those that were thrombocytopenic at entry had a shorter 1st remission, and dogs that were anorexic at entry had shorter overall disease control. There was a correlation between 1st remission duration and length of any subsequent remission obtained. The incidence of toxicity was high, particularly after the combination of doxorubicin and vincristine. Dose reductions because of toxicity did not markedly reduce remission duration. We conclude that discontinuous chemotherapy may reduce patient visits in a small number of patients because of long-term disease control. Delaying maintenance chemotherapy until after 2nd remission is achieved does not markedly affect overall disease control.

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