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Biomedical subjects

A S Loginov

Publications and source records attributed to A S Loginov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The content of gastrin, bombesin and somatostatin in the blood and gastric juice of patients with duodenal and gastric peptic ulcer].

Ninety patients suffering from peptic ulcer and 25 healthy subjects were examined for the content of gastrin, bombesin and somatostatin in blood and gastric juice. Among patients with duodenal ulcer, 2 groups were distinguished: group I included patients in whom peptic ulcer occurred before 30 years; the majority of the patients manifested blood hypergastrinemia, a decrease of bombesin concentration and normal somatostatin concentration; gastric juice was characterized by a lowering of somatostatin concentration and unchanged gastrin concentration; group II was made up of patients who developed peptic ulcer after 30: in the majority of the patients, gastrin concentration was reduced under basal conditions, after loading it was unchanged; in part of the patients, blood somatostatin concentration was elevated, in 16 in exacerbation and in 19 in remission; in the remainder, it was unchanged. The concentration of bombesin in blood remained unchanged. In gastric juice, gastrin concentration was increased only after histamine administration, somatostatin concentration was unchanged whatever the disease stage. In patients with gastric ulcer, gastrin concentration in blood was elevated only under basal conditions, being unchanged in gastric juice irrespective of the disease stage. Meanwhile, the concentration of bombesin was lowered both under basal conditions and after insulin administration, the concentration of somatostatin was decreased both in blood and gastric juice whatever the disease stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Crohn's disease. The problem of early diagnosis].

A retrospective analysis was made of the diagnostic period of Crohn's disease as well as of x-ray and endoscopic signs in 28 patients. Three forms of the disease were distinguished: acute (pseudoappendicular), stenosing with chronic intestinal obstruction syndrome and primary chronic characterized by the triad (pains in the stomach, diarrhea, fever) or by the syndrome of malabsorption with extraintestinal manifestations. In the stenosing and primary chronic forms of Crohn's disease, a correct diagnosis was established in the majority of the patients 3-5 years after appearance of the symptoms. To improve early diagnosis of Crohn's disease, it is recommended that indications for x-ray and endoscopic examinations be extended. These examinations are indicated in all the patients with recurrent pains in the right iliac area, fever of obscure genesis and chronic diarrhea.

Colonoscopy↗
PubMed1992

[Structural changes of chromatin during proto-oncogene activation by cycloheximide: dose-effect].

The level of expression of cellular proto-oncogens c-myc and c-fos in rat liver has been studied as a function of protein synthesis rate (cycloheximide dose). Activation of proto-oncogens has been established to be initiated by 50% inhibition of nuclear protein synthesis. This promotes a certain level in chromatin structural rearrangements which is manifested, in particular, in decreasing activity of chromatin cleavage by Ca2+, Mg(2+)-DNAase and increasing degree of chromatin condensation. A role of topoisomerase II in chromatin structural rearrangements during proto-oncogen activation is postulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The determination of phospholipase activity using the 31P-NMR spectroscopic method].

The authors have developed a rather rapid and convenient method for testing and measurement of phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) activity, based on continuous recording of the signal reduction in 31P-NMR spectrum of lecithin phosphate group (chemical sigma shift = 0.2 parts per million as regards H3PO4) or of phosphocholine signal augmentation (sigma = -4 parts per million). This method permits a quantitative estimation of lecithin loss or phosphocholine accrual from the kinetics of integral intensity changes in the course of an enzymic reaction and then calculate phospholipase C activity without resorting to thin-layer chromatography traditionally used for this purpose.

Clostridium perfringens↗
PubMed1991

[Determination of the superoxide dismutase activity in puncture biopsy specimens of the liver in chronic liver diseases].

Analysis of liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic active hepatitis has shown reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. More profound changes were revealed in the patients with fibrosis, cirrhosis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Suppressed activities of antioxidative enzymes and dissociation of their systemic interaction were found to be related to the pathologic process severity. Measurement of SOD activity in a biopsy specimen appears to be clinically valuable and may be used for the assessment of liver antioxidative defense in patients with liver conditions.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

[Role of gastric mucosa prostaglandins in the development of ulcer lesions in liver cirrhosis].

The amount of prostaglandins (PD) E, F2 alpha and I2 (measured as 6-keto-Pg F1 alpha) in endoscopic biopsy specimens of gastric corpus' mucosa also as the concentration of Pg E and F2 in gastric juice of cirrhotic patients without or with gastric and duodenal ulcer were measured by radioimmunoassay. Release of Pgs with gastric juice (in the basal state and after histamine stimulation) was also significantly less in these patients. It was concluded that the severe disturbance of endogenous biosynthesis Pgs in gastroduodenal mucus of cirrhotic patients may play an important role in the development of ulcer disease in these patients.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

[The content of biologically active substances in the margin of a stomach ulcer being treated with a copper-vapor laser].

A study was made of the effect of laser therapy on the content of she biologically active substances serotonin, histamine, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha as well as on the adenylate cyclase system--adenylate cyclase activity and cGMP content. Direct exposure to laser produced an appreciable increase of the content of serotonin and histamine, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, cAMP and of adenylate cyclase activity. On the healing of ulcerous defect after 5-6 sessions of laser therapy a decrease of the content of serotonin, a rise of histamine, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, cAMP accumulation and adenylate cyclase activation were recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The characteristics of the clinical course of digestive organ diseases in persons subjected to ionizing radiation exposure resulting from the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Results of a study of 1905 persons are reported. Of them 1775 showed diseases of the digestive organs. Among them were were 275 who were subjected to the effect of ionizing radiation. In these 275 patients the most frequent pathology were erosive lesions of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, gastroesophageal reflux, esophagitis. There was a dependence of the onset of the disease and stay in the disaster Zone. The disease was accompanied by a stable T-cellular immunodeficiency that exacerbated the course of the disease. It is recommended to include immunocorrectors in the complex therapy of these diseases.

Accidents↗
PubMed1991

[Free radicals in chronic pathology of the liver].

The review deals with the role of free radicals (FR) in chronic liver pathology. Oxygen FR, on the one hand, have the protective function connected with the activation of phagocytes, on the other hand, they exert a toxic effect damaging the cell. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) plays an important role in the cytotoxic effect of FR. The disturbance of the balance between oxidative reactions and protective mechanisms is likely to be the starting point in the development of "FR-pathology". The proves of the FR participation in the hepatobiliary pathology are given. A high level of LPO and the decrease of the antioxidative enzymes activity in chronic liver diseases are shown indicating the initiation of the lipid autooxidation reaction. The activation of LPO is most demonstrative in the active alcoholic process.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Biogenic amines and cyclic nucleotides in the laser therapy of long-term nonhealing stomach ulcers].

A study is presented of the effect of copper vapors laser therapy on the content of biogenic amines--serotonin and histamine and the state of adenylcyclase (AC) system (content of cAMP, cGMP and AC activity) at the edge of the gastric ulcer. Direct effect of laser radiation (single dose 10--15 J.) produced a significant increase of serotonin, histamine, cAMP, AC activity and an insignificant increase of cGMP. Healing of the ulcerative defect after 5--6 laser therapy sessions was followed by a reduction of the content of serotonin, increase of histamine, cAMP and AC activity. The authors discuss the biostimulating effect of laser radiation by influencing the inflammatory-proliferative processes in the epitheliocytes in prolonged nonhealing gastric ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of laser irradiation of different intensities on the processes of healing of stomach ulcers].

Patients with stubborn peptic ulcers were exposed to copper vapor laser of various intensities with similar irradiation energy. The best therapeutic effect (more rapid ulcer healing) was achieved when ulcer bottom and edges were exposed to laser of higher intensity; the effect is explained by a higher stimulation of inflammation and a more rapid and clear-cut restructuring of connective-tissue stroma on ulcer bottom.

Adolescent↗