Biomedical subjects

A S Hoversland

Publications and source records attributed to A S Hoversland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1982

Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. XII. Black galago (Galago crassicaudatus argentatus) and brown galago (Galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus).

Respiratory characteristics of blood from sixteen adult male galagos were studied (8 brown and 8 black). The average body weight of the black galagos was significantly higher than that of the brown(1.512 +/- 0.162 vs. 0.988 +/- 0.099 kg, respectively). The blood oxygen capacities for black and brown galagos were 20.6 +/- 1.9 and 21.5 +/- 1.8 vol percent, respectively. The Bohr factor for blood from the black galago was -0550 +/- 0.039 (n = 9) and for brown galago blood was -0.523 +/- 0.050 (n = 6). There was no significant (P greater than 0.05) difference in P50 values of blood from the two subspecies of galagos, 36.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 37.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg for the black and brown, respectively. The Haldane effect for black galago blood was higher than that for brown (7.5 vs. 65 vol percent, respectively). The concentrations of 2.3-DPG were similar in black and brown galago blood, 16.16 +/- 1.52 vs. 16.37 +/- 0.76 mumol/g Hb, respectively. Starch gel electrophoresis showed three major components of hemoglobin from both subspecies. There is a trend toward decreasing blood oxygen affinity as one ascends the primate evolutionary scale, which may be secondary to the trend toward a greater adult body weight.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Resting hemodynamics and oxygen transport in unanesthetized adult cats.

Characteristics of blood, oxygen transport were determined in seven adult female cats with inlying catheters in the pulmonary artery and a carotid artery. Measurements were made without anesthesia. Cardiac output averaged 167 ml.kg-1.min-1. Blood oxygen capacity averaged 11.6 ml.dl-1. Mean arterial oxygen saturation was 94% and mixed venous oxygen saturation was 49%. Mean oxygen tensions were 97.3% and 36.9 mm Hg in arterial and mixed venous blood, respectively. Mean arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference was 5.1 ml.dl-1, yielding a calculated oxygen consumption of 8.4 ml.kg-1 min-1, 5% higher than the value obtained by spirometric measurements on four of the animals. These data, when compared with previously reported values from species ranging widely in body size, show that the increased oxygen consumption per kg associated with decreasing body size is provided by progressive increases in cardiac output per kg and in arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference. Mixed venous oxygen tension is held within narrow limits in resting, unanesthetized animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Influence of progestin upon hemodynamics in castrated male pygmy goats.

Effects of progestin administration for 5 to 6 weeks upon hemodynamics were studied in two separate experiments, using trained, adult castrated male Pygmy goats. Measurements of cardiac output, blood pressure, plasma volume, and oxygen content of arterial and mixed venous blood were made before, during, and after treatment. In experiment 1, four animals were used. Progesterone was implanted subcutaneously in silicone envelopes which released an average of 44 mg of progesterone/day/goat. A 20% decrease in cardiac output occurred by the 5th week of treatment. Blood pressure was maintained by an increased peripheral vascular resistance. The five animals in experiment 2 were given (IM) 6 mg of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone/kg of body weight/day. Cardiac output decreased 17% in the 2nd and 3rd weeks of hormone treatment. 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone caused a transient natriuresis followed by sodium retention. Urinary aldosterone excretion increased after 9 days of treatment, but returned to normal by the 15th day.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Respiratory characteristics of opossum (Didelphis virginiana) blood during chronic anemia.

In five adult opossums (Didelphis virginiana), blood hemoglobin concentration was lowered from 12.3g% to 6.4g% by daily bleeding. Blood P50 rose significantly (P is less than 0.05) from 44.5 mm Hg to 47.4 mm Hg and the concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) increased from 14.17 mumol/g Hb to 20.90 mumol/g Hb. The observed shift in blood oxygen affinity was of similar magnitude to that recorded in humans with a similar degree of anemia, but the concomitant rise in DPG concentration was greater in opossums than in humans. In the opossum the shift in P50 with anemia can be attributed entirely to the action of DPG as a non diffusible intraerythrocytic anion.

Anemia↗

PubMed1977

Postnatal changes in blood respiratory characteristics in an American opossum (Didelphis virginiana).

The oxygen affinity of opossum blood changes in the postnatal period. The youngest opossums studied were 53 days of age (dated from the day of transit from vagina to pouch) and still confined to the maternal pouch: they had a blood P50 of 32.6 +/- 2.9 mm Hg. The blood P50 value then increased significantly, in two steps. First, while the young were still in the pouch, blood P50 rose secondary to a rise in the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG). Blood P50 and DPG concentration then remained stable until the animals left the maternal pouch, when DPG rose again, causing a further increment in the blood P50 which peaked at 48.7 +/- 4.5 mm Hg in animals 148 days old. Blood P50 subsequently decreased significantly, reaching the adult value (42.0 +/- 1.9 mm Hg) at about 250 days.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Serum biochemistry values in normal pygmy goats.

Blood serum of pygmy goats (both sexes, and castrated males) was analyzed to establish biochemical reference values. Influence of age on reference values was also studied. Serum biochemical analyses were made for urea nitrogen, creatinin, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, uric acid, and total lipids. These serum values for pygmy goats were similar to those reported for man, except as follows: Aspartate aminotransferase activities were slightly higher than those reported for man. Glucose concentrations in pygmy goats were slightly lower than in human beings, and uric acid levels were significantly lower than the values for man. Female and castrated male goats had lower total lipid concentrations than did human beings, whereas intact males had higher concentrations. Thus, of the 9 measured variables for pygmy goats, 5 were comparable to human values. This, together with other attributes, including the small size which conduces to economics of maintenance and enhances the desirability of using pygmy goats in research.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1977

Hematologic values in normal pygmy goats.

Pygmy goat blood was analyzed to determine hematologic base-line values. Male, female, and castrated male goats were used in this investigation. Influence of age on these variables was also studied. Most of the hematologic values of pygmy goats were similar to the reference values reported for several other ruminant species and for man. Values significantly different from reference values in man were as follows: Erythrocyte counts were slightly higher than for human beings. The relative lymphocyte count was comparable to that in infants, but significantly greater than values in adult human beings. Also, although not of statistical significance, hemoglobin levels in goats were slightly lower than in both infants and adult human beings, and the leukocyte count was just slightly higher than the usual values for infants and adult human beings. Thus, of 9 hematologic variables, only 1 was significantly different from those in man, and 2 were slightly different. The fact that pygmy goats have hematologic responses similar to those of man, and the similarity of hematologic values to reference values in man, further enhances the pygmy goat for use as an experimental animal.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Serum electrolytes in normal pygmy goats.

Serum from pygmy goats was analyzed to determine normal base lines for electrolytes. Animals of both sexes were used. Influence of age on these variables was also investigated. The electrolyte values were as follows: sodium, 147 +/- 6.0 mEq/L; potassium, 5.6 +/- 1.0 mEq/L; chloride, 106.0 +/- 4.2 mEq/L; calcium, 4.9 +/- 0.3 mEq/L; magnesium, 2.1 +/- 0.3 mEq/L; and inorganic phosphorus, 4.8 +/- 0.9 mEq/L. Most of the serum electrolyte values for pygmy goats were similar to reports for other ruminant species and human beings.

Aging↗

PubMed1977

Serum proteins and protein electrophoretic pattern in normal pygmy goats.

The values of total protein and protein electrophoretic patterns for pygmy goats were studied to establish normal basic values. The values obtained in the present study were as follows: alpha1-globulin, 0.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl; alpha2-globulin, 1.0 +/- 0.3 mg/dl; beta-globulin, 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/dl; gamma-globulin, 1.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl; total protein, 7.3 +/- 0.7 mg/dl; albumin, 3.2 +/- 0.6 mg/dl; A/G ratio, 0.8 +/- 0.3 mg/dl; and globulin, 4.5 +/- 0.6 mg/dl. Goats were divided into groups on the basis of age and sex to determine if any significant differences were present in these groups. Of the 8 variables studied, only albumin and A/G ratio showed significantly different values due to sex; castrated males showed significantly lower values than thos for intact males and females (P less than 0.05). Also, A/G ratio values for females and castrated male pygmy goats were significantly lower than those for intact males (P less than 0.05). Total serum protein values studied in female pygmy goats at various ages were also significantly different (P less than 0.05).

Aging↗

PubMed1974