Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A S Hinshaw.
Health is a global concern. Although nursing is a global profession, most schools of nursing concentrate on teaching health exclusively within the context of their own nation. Sister-school partnerships that cross national boundaries are one way of extending the learning opportunities of faculties and students. An example of a 5-year partnership is described and analysed.
The profession is facing a unique shortage of nursing faculty. Schools of Nursing have always had a shortage of doctorally prepared nursing faculty. The academic norm for faculty teaching in baccalaureate and graduate programs to hold earned doctoral degrees was established later in nursing than for other disciplines. At best, 50% of nursing faculty in such programs have met this academic standard. In addition, the shortage is predicted to escalate in the next decade due to the retirement of a "graying professoriate" of nursing faculty. This article outlines a number of factors influencing the shortage of nursing faculty. Several institutional School of Nursing strategies are suggested for countering the shortage situation. In addition, several national professional and policy strategies are suggested. More creative strategies need to be developed and evaluated by Schools of Nursing and by the profession.
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A proposed multiyear plan of funding mechanisms by the National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) to increase the use of biological theory and measurements in nursing research has been developed for both research training and research programs. The objectives of the research training programs are (a) to develop a cadre of nurse scientists with solid research training in the biological sciences, (b) to upgrade to state-of-the-art biological research for mid-career nurse scientists, and (c) to ensure adequate highly trained biological-nurse manpower will be available to accomplish the nation's nursing research agenda. The objectives of the research programs are (a) to stimulate nurse scientists to undertake novel, innovative research using state-of-the-art biological technology, (b) to link the behavioral and biological underpinnings of nursing science in specified areas of biomedical clinical research, and (c) to ensure that, in the coming decade, nursing science and behavioral research will be inextricably interwoven with biological research. The research training programs include: targeted predoctoral-postdoctoral transitional training, targeted predoctoral or postdoctoral fellowships, training awards for existing institutional training grants in other disciplines, mid-career awards, the Nurse Scientist award, and institutional training grants for biological nursing. The research programs include: small grants programs, augmentation of existing projects in other Institutes, Requests For Applications (RFA) in biobehavioral nursing, cluster studies, and clinical trials.
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It is important that the philosophy and strategic plan for a Department of Nursing support research programs which will guide current clinical and administrative decisions as well as long-term policy initiatives. Research also contributes to the maturing of the science of nursing through generating and testing knowledge.
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The development of knowledge for nursing poses an exciting, scholarly adventure for the profession's scientists. A series of challenges are involved: the challenge to develop the substantive content needed for practice within nursing's disciplinary perspective, the challenge to sustain excellence in the developing science base and in the preparation of nurse researchers, and the challenge of disseminating stable, appropriate research results to the profession's clinicians and to the public. Nursing is entering into a new era, moving from the stage of establishing structures to support nursing research and building the cadre of scientists needed to conduct investigations, to the stage of focusing on the identification and study of the phenomena which comprise the body of knowledge needed for practice. A number of directions or priorities for nursing research are evident for the future. The questions of concern are how to centralize nursing's scientific endeavors and resources as well as prepare researchers who are on the cutting edge or frontiers of science, and what strategies can be used to facilitate excellence in these efforts. The dilemma of transferring research findings into practice in a timely but scientifically appropriate manner requires a partnership between practitioners and researchers. Both are committed to making clinical decisions based on accurate, relevant information. Such research based practice requires a merger of the talents and expertise of those providing practice and those developing the knowledge base for the profession.
The nursing shortage has preoccupied nurse executives with daily crises about how to provide adequate staff resources to assure quality care and how best to plan for the future. This major societal concern affects all settings--but most particularly hospitals. The National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) has been actively assessing this situation and has begun several targeted initiatives. Nurse executives have a vital role in this evolving research priority area focused on nursing resources and its effect on quality of care.
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