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Biomedical subjects

A S DeWolfe

Publications and source records attributed to A S DeWolfe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Planning abilities in alcoholics, process and reactive schizophrenics, and normals.

This study investigated planning abilities in alcoholics, process and reactive schizophrenics, and normals. Significant differences among the groups were found on all three planning tasks. Normals and alcoholics showed significantly greater planning ability on the picture arrangement task than the process schizophrenics. On the maze task, normals attained significantly higher scores than the process schizophrenics. On a task in which subjects predicted future effects from a present-day trend, alcoholics showed significantly greater planning ability than normals and process schizophrenics. Reactive schizophrenics did not differ significantly from any of the other groups on any task. The greater planning ability of the alcoholics in comparison with the normals on one of the tasks may be due to sampling and situational differences. The results suggest that deficits in planning abilities are temporary for alcoholics.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Cognitive sequelae of tardive dyskinesia.

Severity and location of tardive dyskinesia (TD) symptoms and diagnosis were related to neurocognitive dysfunction as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Memory Scale using schizophrenic and affective patients. Diagnosis, severity, and location of TD symptoms were related to cognitive dysfunction. Total symptom severity correlated significantly negatively with 10 of 14 WAIS scores and with four of seven Wechsler Memory scores in the total group with combined schizophrenic and affective patients. The magnitude of the relationships between TD symptom severity and cognitive deficit was strongly affected by the location of the symptoms and the diagnosis of the patient. In the total group, severity of facial TD symptoms correlated significantly negatively with 11 of 14 WAIS scores and with all eight memory scores. TD symptoms in the extremities correlated significantly negatively with only two WAIS and two memory scores, whereas truncal TD symptoms did not correlate significantly negatively with any WAIS or memory scores. Patients diagnosed as schizophrenic showed significant negative correlations of total TD symptom severity with 12 of 14 WAIS scores and with seven of eight Wechsler Memory Scale scores. Patients diagnosed as having affective disorder showed only one significant correlation between total TD symptom severity and WAIS or memory scores. Length of institutionalization has been found to be related to TD symptoms in schizophrenic but not affective patients. In the present study, institutionalization was negatively correlated with severity of facial TD symptoms but not with severity of TD symptoms of the trunk or extremities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Risk factors for tardive dyskinesia according to primary psychiatric diagnosis.

The role of different variables in the development of tardive dyskinesia was examined among patients in two different diagnostic categories. Age and length of hospitalization were associated with development of tardive dyskinesia in the schizophrenic subjects while parkinsonism and alcoholism were related to tardive dyskinesia in the affective disorder patients. Schizophrenic subjects constituted the largest absolute number of tardive dyskinesia patients, but in relative terms they represented the patient population least likely to develop tardive dyskinesia in comparison to affective disorder and organic mental disorder subjects. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Ego identity status, identification, and decision-making style in late adolescents.

Measures of identification with same-sex parent and decision-making style were administered to 30 male and 30 female late adolescents who had been classified by Marcia's (1964) criteria as either identity achieved, foreclosed, moratorium, or diffused. As predicted, male and female foreclosed subjects were more impulsive than were those in the other statuses, and male moratorium subjects were more reflective than others. However, female moratoriums were impulsive, and male and female diffused were reflective, findings which contradict theoretical expectation. Similarly, data on identification were mixed; female achieved subjects scored (as predicted) with higher identification than female moratorium or diffused subjects, while diffused males were highly identified with their fathers. One reason offered for the conflicting results is that identity formation is, as some have suggested, a different process for women than it is for men. Therefore, study of both genders with the same measures and hypotheses is not recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vulnerability to tardive dyskinesia.

Of 99 consecutive male patients studied at the North Chicago VA Tardive Dyskinesia Program, 58 had tardive dyskinesia and 41 did not. Factors that were significantly related, singly and in combinations, to tardive dyskinesia were 1) diagnosis of affective disorder with alcoholism and/or drug-induced parkinsonism, and 2) diagnosis of schizophrenia with advanced age (over 50) and/or prolonged hospitalization (over 14 years). A diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients under age 50 with short hospitalizations was not significantly associated with the presence of tardive dyskinesia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Wechsler performance IQ greater than Verbal IQ index in a forensic sample: a reconsideration.

Explored the relationships of the Performance IQ (PIQ) greater than Verbal IQ (VIQ) to type of crime, ethnicity, and reading disability in a corrections sample of 70 adult males incarcerated on felony charges. The PIQ greater than VIQ sign was not related to Full Scale IQ or to violent vs. nonviolent crime, per se. The PIQ greater than VIQ sign showed a trend toward association with Ethnicity (black vs. white) and was related significantly to reading disability, with the reading disabled inmates more likely to show the sign, and to type of crime, with perpetrators of sex crimes most likely (87%) to show the sign and those incarcerated for murder or attempted murder least likely (33%) to show it. The difference in the proportion of inmates who showed the sign in these two classes of violent crimes (murder and sex crimes) was significant, and further analysis showed that with murder excluded, PIQ greater than VIQ occurred significantly more frequently in those accused of violent crimes than for nonviolent crimes. The latter findings suggested that differences between studies in the relationship of PIQ greater than VIQ and violence may be the result of differences in the proportion of murderers in the violent samples. Additional analyses indicated that the significant relationships between PIQ greater than VIQ and both type of crime and reading disability were most likely independent of ethnicity and each other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Interference in word associations in schizophrenia.

Assessed the effect of response interference on the word associations of male and female process and reactive schizophrenics in two studies that used the difference in associative disturbances between high and low interference (low and high commonality stimulus words) as the measure. The reactives showed a significantly greater increase in disturbances in the high interference condition than did process schizophrenics in both studies. These results occurred in process and reactive groups that did not differ in age, IQ, institutionalization, and current level of physiological arousal and symptom severity in Study I. Findings supported predictions from a qualitative differences theory of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic Agents↗