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Biomedical subjects

A S Daar

Publications and source records attributed to A S Daar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Analysis of the distribution of HLA-A alleles in populations from five continents.

The variation and frequency of HLA-A genotypes were established by PCR-SSOP typing in diverse geographically distributed populations: Brazilian, Colombian Kogui, Cuban, Mexican, Omani, Singapore Chinese, and South African Zulu. HLA-A allelic families with only one allele were identified for HLA-A*01, -A*23, -A*25, -A*31, -A*32, -A*36, -A*43, -A*69, -A*80; and with two alleles for HLA-A*03, -A*11, -A*26, -A*29, -A*33, -A*34, and -A*66. Greater variation was detected for HLA-A*02, -A*24, and -A*68 allele families. Colombian Kogui and Mexican Seris showed the least diversity with respect to HLA-A alleles, albeit with small numbers tested, with only four and five HLA-A alleles identified, respectively. It would appear by their presence in all populations studied, either rural or indigenous, that certain alleles are very important in pathogen peptide presentation.

Africa↗
PubMed2000

Schistosomiasis: clinical relevance to surgeons in Australasia and diagnostic update.

All surgeons working in Australasia should be prepared to encounter imported cases of schistosomiasis. The disease should be considered when typical symptoms are present, and there is evidence of skin exposure to fresh water in an endemic area. Whether or not signs of urinary or intestinal tract schistosomiasis are present, ectopic ova can involve and produce symptoms in almost any structure including the liver, the lungs, the reproductive system and the central nervous system, sometimes producing puzzling clinical abnormalities decades after primary infection. Recovery of ova from urine, stool or their detection in a biopsy confirms diagnosis but, when this is unsuccessful, immunological tests support diagnosis. Imaging techniques (e.g. ultrasonography, standard radiology, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans) may indicate and define involvement of various organs and structures. The surgeon often has an important role to play in the management of the protean complications of schistosomiasis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Animal-to-human organ transplants--a solution or a new problem?

Xenotransplantation is seen by some mainly as an opportunity and by others mainly as a danger. It could help overcome the shortage of organs from human donors, but it raises a number of questions, particularly about safety, ethics and human nature. This article reviews the progress of research, debate and decision-making in this area.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of factors for the prediction of the response to xenotransplantation.

Predicting the response to xenotransplantation is difficult, but can be based upon (i) past clinical experience, (ii) opinion surveys and focus groups, (iii) predictable variables, and (iv) the allotransplant experience. Baby Fae, the Pittsburgh baboon liver transplants, and the Jeff Getty baboon marrow transplant have taught us (a) not to underestimate hurdles, (b) to communicate professionally, (c) not to promise too much, (d) that lobbying can be effective, (e) that "being the first" is important, and (f) that the media can be fickle. The Swedish islet cell and the U.S. neural tissue transplants suggest that patients without immediately life-threatening illnesses will accept xenogeneic tissue and that the public/media will not respond negatively when there is little fanfare. Limited opinion surveys/focus groups suggest a degree of reluctance/revulsion that is more common in women, minorities, and the less-educated, and when the likely donor is a subhuman primate. Predictable positive public-response variables include perceptions of (a) adequacy of the scientific base, (b) adherence to globally agreed upon guidelines, (c) legitimacy/competence of regulatory bodies, and (d) adequate infectious risk assessment and management. A likely negative predictor is the role of animal rights activists (more in Europe, less in the U.S. and the developing world). Less predictable is the response of the media and what other societal concerns dominate the news at the time. Cultural concerns will need careful study. Allotransplant experience suggests that informed religious opinion can be accommodating a new technology. Psychological factors will be important and will need professional management.

Animals↗