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Biomedical subjects

A S Barchuk

Publications and source records attributed to A S Barchuk.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Role of video-assisted thoracoscopy in diagnosis of neoplasms in mediastinal organs].

Diagnostic potential of video-assisted thoracoscopy was evaluated in 66 patients (36 males and 30 females) with neoplasms (aged 24-68 yrs). When used in conjunction with biopsy, it confirmed the following diagnoses: lymph proliferative disease (23), mediastinal malignancies (11), sarcoidosis (21), benign mediastinal tumors (7), Castleman's benign lymphoma (2) and mediastinal cyst (2). Clinical diagnosis was substantially changed in 40 (61%) cases as a result of videothoracoscopy application. It has proved precise, fairly safe and conservative; it has a potential in diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Surgical treatment of superficial melanoma of the skin].

The 12-year end-results of standard "wide" and sparing "narrow" excision of superficial skin melanoma are compared. The results were contributed by a joint study of the WHO Collaborating Centers for Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma headed by Dr. U. Veronesi and Dr. N. Cascinelli and 23 other centers in different countries (the Blokhin and Petrov Centers in Russia). The investigation comprised 612 patients. After randomization, "narrow" excision of primary tumor with 1 cm-wide margins was performed in 305 patients. In the remaining 307 patients, "wide" excision left margins within 3 cm. Tumor was identified as superficial on the basis of thickness (Breslow), the threshold being 2 mm-thick invasion. This same prognostic indicator was used in both groups. Another one was 12 year-long recurrence-free survival. The sparing excision of primary cutaneous melanoma with a thickness under 2 cm proved effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Specifics of thyroid status and their clinical significance in primary and recurrent thyroid cancer].

The results of an evaluation of thyroid homeostasis in 54 patients with thyroid cancer (TC), 12-thyroid adenoma (TA), 10-non-toxic nodular goiter (NTG) and 39 healthy controls are discussed. It was demonstrated that assays of blood serum levels of thyrotropic hormone (TTH), thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroglobulin (TG) are useless in diagnosing TC. However, it was confirmed that routine assays of blood serum-TTH, T4 and T3 levels are needed to evaluate the effect of post-operative substitution hormone therapy. Furthermore, the presence of recurrence or metastasis was indicated by an elevated concentration of blood-TG post-operatively if it was high pre-operatively. Post-operatively, TTH levels soared up in thyroid cancer and adenoma patients, reached their peak one month after surgery and then came back to normal while blood-TG concentration dropped to normal within 6-12 months. Unlike TA patients, blood-TG showed a continuous rise in those with TC. Ten years after surgery, blood-TTH levels in TC patients, who had received substitution hormone therapy, were much lower than in those without it. Similarly, the recipients of hormone therapy showed relatively lower T3 (6 months after operation) and TG (5 years after surgery) levels. Blood-TTH in overweight (Broca index > 20%) patients with TC was much higher than in those overweight less than 20%, 2 years after surgery. Elevated concentrations of blood-TTH and T3 were recorded in radically-treated patients with TC recurrences and metastases.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

[Current methods in the diagnosis and therapy of lung cancer].

A 45-year experience of diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is presented. In groups at high risk of cancer, photoroentgenographic screening has proved effective. The use of out-patient complex pulmonologic examination serves to improve identification of central cancer. Early cancers of the lung can be reliably detected in 92.2% of patients with central cancer and in 92.6%-peripheral localizations of tumor. After radical surgery, 5-year survival in cases of stage I tumor was 63.5: stage II-43.5 and stage III-22.9%, mean 5-year survival (irrespective of stage) being 37%. Postoperative radiation was shown to be followed survival over 5 years in cases of non-small cell carcinoma (N2). Early diagnosis and combined therapy are key in raising efficacy of lung cancer treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment of lung metastasis in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma].

The study group included 104 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma and metastases into the lung, treated at the Institute Clinic in 1960-1992. Surgery for lung metastasis was given to 10 and chemotherapy-to 48 patients; the remaining 48 cases received treatment for symptoms only. Overall 5-year survival was 13.5% (after surgery-30.0%; chemotherapy-19.1%). All the 46 patients treated for symptoms died within two years after detection of lung metastasis. Chemotherapy proved effective in the treatment of multiple metastasis when detected shortly after removal of the first lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[The quality of medical care given to patients with esophageal cancer in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region].

The data on the morbidity, time of diagnosis and results of treatment of esophageal cancer in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region (1992-1994) were analyzed. The morbidity rates were higher in women than in men, the predominant age being over 60. Morphological verification data were not available in almost half the cases. Stage I-II tumors were detected in 15.7-26.5%. Specialized treatment was given to 25%, combination one-to nearly 2%. To raise the standards of medical aid, it is suggested that measures be taken to ensure stable operation of the Cancer Register, St. Petersburg, and to offer treatment to esophageal cancer patients at specialized medical facilities.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

[Endoscopic laser ablation in the combined therapy of lung cancer].

Endoscopic laser photodestruction is regarded not only as an independent procedure of treatment but primarily as an important and effective component of combined therapy of lung cancer. Direct-contact destruction of carcinoma of the bronchus and distal segment of the trachea has been performed using YAG:Ne lasers in 32 cases. The procedure has proved highly effective, especially, in combination with radiation therapy. Lysis of tumor in areas remote from the exposed one has been observed. It is suggested that endoscopic laser treatment of tumors offers considerable advantage.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Organization of urgent surgical treatment for complicated colonic cancers in a large industrial city].

The study was concerned with evaluating the results of follow-up of 756 cases of complications of colorectal cancers urgently admitted for surgery to four hospitals of St. Petersburg. Most patients were hospitalized late when complications diagnosed as an acute disease of organs of the abdominal cavity were apparent. Frequent postoperative complications and poor results of treatment were due to advanced age of patients, their grave general condition, concommitant pathologies, frequent errors of diagnosis made before and during hospitalization and lack of a single strategy of therapy. No improvement in the results of treatment of these grave cases can be expected unless the quality of diagnosis and the standards of urgent surgical aid organization are improved and an efficient therapeutic strategy is developed.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical diagnosis of primary melanoma of the skin].

Procedures for early diagnosis of primary skin melanoma have been developed on the basis of the data available on 1.500 cases. Symptoms of malignant transformation of long-term pigmented nevi have been analyzed. The problems involved in screening primary skin melanoma and differential diagnosis have been studied.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

[The surgical treatment of lung cancer patients with an exacerbated hereditary factor].

Surgical treatment of 258 patients (1st group) with carcinoma of the lung whose hereditary case history was aggravated by the presence of malignant tumors in blood relatives was compared with treatment of 861 patients of the control group (2nd group). Lung cancer patients of the 1st group were less operable than those of the 2nd group, 60.0% and 71.2% (p < 0.001) correspondingly. Resectability was 84.1% and 93.7% (p < 0.001) correspondingly. Totally in early stages (I-II stages) operations were performed only on 118 patients (45.7%) with the aggravated heredity and 536 (62.2%) of patients of the control group (p < 0.001). The symptoms which characterize surgical treatment of lung cancer in patients with the aggravated heredity are much worse as compared with the control group of patients because of the biological features of the tumors characterized by extremely high potential of the regional and remote metastases.

Disease Susceptibility↗
PubMed1994

[Characteristics of regional metastasis of lung cancer in patients with aggravating hereditary factors].

Specific features of metastatic spreading of lung cancer have been compared in 258 surgical patients from families with a history of lung cancer incidence (group I) and in 861 controls (group II). Lesions in lymph nodes at various stages were more frequent in group I, metastatic spreading incidence increasing in step with stage. In is noteworthy that more frequent lesions in mediastinal lymph nodes (stage IV) were observed in group I (54.2%), as compared with 11.8% in controls (P < 0.001). Multiple lesions of lymph nodes at all stages of metastatic spreading featured prominently in 48.5% of group I, as compared with 17.0% in group II (P < 0.001). Metastatic spreading was studied versus such characteristics of primary tumor as size, histologic pattern and pattern of tumor growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Prophylactic lymph node excision in cutaneous melanomas of the lower limbs].

An analysis of 67 cases of skin melanoma of feet and legs aggravated by the risk of regional metastatic spreading established a significant improvement in five-year survival (over 30%) in patients who had undergone prophylactic lymphadenectomy. Indications for preventive surgery are suggested and rationale of its extent is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Use of lithium oxybutyrate for improving results in the early post-operative period in lung cancer patients].

Application of antihypoxant drugs in postoperative period has been investigated. Lithium oxybutyrate was administered to 30 lung cancer patients before and shortly after operation. The results were compared with the data on 26 patients in control. Major characteristics, and, primarily, its antihypoxic protective effect have been evaluated. Lithium oxybutyrate administration is recommended in lung cancer patients during and shortly after surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[The comprehensive diagnosis of lesions of the intrathoracic lymph nodes].

The paper deals with results of complex diagnosis of intrathoracic lymph node involvement in 194 patients with malignant lymphoma (85 cases), cancer (11), sarcoidosis (95) or lymphadenitis (3 cases). All the patients underwent complex roentgenologic and radionuclide examination. Tumor tissue sampling aimed at morphologic verification was carried out by transthoracic puncture, mediastinoscopy, parasternal mediastinotomy or diagnostic thoracotomy. The following diagnostic algorithm was suggested: in patients with involvement of the anterior mediastinum, diagnosis should start with transthoracic puncture (efficacy--71%) which should be followed, if it fails, by parasternal mediastinotomy (100%). Mediastinoscopy proved the best procedure for diagnosing central mediastinal lymph node involvement (efficacy--96%). Patients with lymphadenopathy in the anterior central mediastinum should undergo mediastinoscopy (efficacy--67%) or parasternal mediastinotomy (90%). Diagnostic thoracotomy was performed in 7 (3.6%) patients in whom the other methods had failed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the efficacy of intensive preoperative irradiation of patients with lung cancer].

The study discusses the results of treatment in 118 radically operated lung cancer patients: surgery alone--66 and combined therapy including preoperative irradiation (4 Gy for 5 successive days, total focal dose--20 Gy)--52 cases. Radiation treatment did not significantly affect the patient's general condition, nor did it interfere with surgical procedure, increase operative blood loss or postoperative lethality. However, the postoperative complication rate was higher in the radiotherapy group (51.9 +/- 6.9%) than in the surgery alone group (39.4 +/- 6.0%) mainly due to increased incidence of cardiovascular disorders in patient older than 55 years of age suffering heart pathology. Radiation treatment assured a higher 5-year survival rate (32.0 +/- 9.2% as compared to 14.2 +/- 5.7%) in squamous-cell lung cancer. The beneficial effect of irradiation was most apparent in cases of central squamous-cell lung cancer with intact regional lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of diagnosis and treatment of various clinico-anatomical forms of lung cancer].

Among 3898 cases of primary lung cancer registered in Leningrad within 1985-1986, central cancer clearly predominated (61.9%). Central/peripheral cancer ratio was 1.6:1. The most common procedure used for treatment of central lung cancer was pneumonectomy (74.6% of cases) and lobectomy--for peripheral cancer management (85.7%). Significant differences in approach to diagnosis and surgical treatment of these pathologies were established. It seems unfeasible to increase resectability of central lung carcinoma by extending surgery. Such tumors should be diagnosed at the stage of segment involvement. However, prophylactic photo-roentgenography does not assure early detection of central lung cancer. Organization of lung cancer detection in Leningrad needs to be improved.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of central cancer of the lungs].

Data on 396 patients with central cancer of the lung admitted to the thoracal department of the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology and the City Oncological Dispensary in 1985-1986 are presented. In 94 of them (23.7%) the disease was diagnosed by prophylactic roentgenofluorography, in 302 (76.3%)--in consultation with a doctor. Operability of the patients of the first group was somewhat higher than in those of the second group. During the two years under analysis the roentgenofluorography detected central cancer of the lung in 266 patients (11%). Radical operations were performed in 48 patients (18%), while in patients consulted by doctors after the appearance of clinical symptoms of the disease, resectability made up 13.3%. Main efforts should be directed to the active detection of central cancer of the lung in patients who addressed the polyclinic for lung symptoms.

Adult↗