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Biomedical subjects

A Russo

Publications and source records attributed to A Russo.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Azo dyes prevent hydrocarbon-induced leukemia in the rat.

A set of intraveous injections of 7,8,12-trimethylbenz[a]anthracene consistently elicited leukemia in more than 75% of young adult Long-Evans female rats. There was a profound reduction in the incidence of leukemia in companion groups of rats fed small amounts (1--10 mg) of Sudan III or Sudan IV prior to each injection of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon. Repeated feedings of 1 mg of Sudan III induced cumulative increases in the concentration of menadione reductase (EC 1.6.99.2) in liver, whereas protein concentration was unchanged. A single feeding of 1 mg of Sudan III prevented fatal toxicity in all members of large groups of rats injected with massive doses of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, but 50% of the survivors developed leukemia; unprotected rats succumbed in 1--3 days. Sudan III was not carcinogenic under the experimental conditions.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1978

Fetal haemoglobin in early malignant osteopetrosis.

The characteristics of the fetal haemoglobin (HbF) in two children with osteopetrosis and high levels of HbF have been studied. The structural analysis of the gamma chains demonstrated a fetal Ggamma/Agamma ratio. HbF was distributed inside only 30% of the peripheral red blood cells. In vitro globin chain synthesis studies showed that there was balanced globin chain production, despite the increased level of HbF.

Alanine↗
PubMed1978

Purification and regulatory properties of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase of Acetobacter xylinum.

The oxaloacetate (OAA) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.3) activity of Acetobacter xylinum cells grown on glucose or glycerol is the same as that of cells grown on intermediates of the citrate cycle. The enzyme was purified 92-fold from extracts, and its molecular weight was determined to be 100,000 by gel filtration. Initial velocity studies revealed marked positive cooperativity for OAA (Hill coefficient [n(H)] = 1.8; S(0.5) = 21 mM). The affinity of the enzyme for OAA was markedly increased upon addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), NAD phosphate (NADP), and some other pyridine nucleotides. S(0.5(OAA)) decreased to 1 mM but n(H) and V(max) were unchanged. Saturation kinetics for the pyridine nucleotides were hyperbolic, and a half-maximal effect was obtained with 8 muM NAD and 30 muM NADP. The enzyme also catalyzed the exchange of (14)CO(2) into OAA but not the net carboxylation of pyruvate. Exchange activity, too, exhibited sigmoidal kinetics for OAA and was strongly stimulated by NAD at low substrate concentrations. The enzyme was inhibited by acetate competitively with respect to OAA. The K(I) for acetate (12 mM) was well within the physiological range of this compound inside the cell. The regulatory properties of the decarboxylase with respect to OAA cooperativity, NAD activation, and acetate inhibition were retained in situ within permeabilized cells. These properties seem to provide for a control mechanism which could insure the maintenance of OAA and the citrate cycle during growth of cells on glucose and, conversely, the required supply of pyruvate during growth on intermediates of the citrate cycle.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1978

Blood group phenotypes and the origin of sickle cell hemoglobin in Sicilians.

As an approach to investigating the origin of sickle cell hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) in white persons of Sicilian ancestry, two groups of native Sicilians were tested for blood group evidence of African admixture. Among 100 unrelated Sicilians, the phenotypes cDe(Rho) and Fy(a-b-), and the antigens V(hrv) and Jsa, which are considered to be African genetic markers, were detected in 12 individuals. Among 64 individuals from 21 families with at least one known hemoglobin S carrier, African blood group markers were detected in 7 (11%). These findings indicate that hemoglobin S is only one of multiple African genes present in contemporary Sicilian populations. The occurrence of hemoglobin S in white persons of Sicilian ancestry is considered to be a manifestation of the continuing dissemination of the original African mutation.

Black People↗
PubMed1978

Lower azure B methylene blue ratios in Giemsa type blood and malaria stains.

Starting from ancient reports that rare samples of methylene blue were apparently sufficiently contaminated with azures to give red plasmodial and red purple nuclear chromatin in Chenzinsky type methylene blue eosin stains, it was decided to determine how little azure B would suffice for such staining in methylene blue eosin stains. The traditional 1902 Giemsa had an azure : methylene blue : eosin ratio of about 6 : 3 : 6.3 : 10; Lillie's 1943 formula had a 5 : 7 : 10 ratio. In the current series of tests 5 : 7 : 10 (I), 4 : 8 : 10 (II), 3 : 9 : 10 (III), 2 : 10 : 10 (IV), 1 : 11 : 10 (V), and 0 : 12 : 10 (VI) were used. Malaria and blood stains were better than the standard 5 : 7 : 10 (I) in III, IV and II in that order. Normal and leukemic human blood, mouse blood with Plasmodium berghei, and monkey blood with the CDC strain of Pl. falciparum were used as test materials. The staining mixtures were made from highly purified samples of azure B and methylene blue. Staining mixtures contained 12 ml 0.1% thiazin dye, 10 ml 0.1% eosin, 2 ml each of glycerol, methanol and 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 3 ml acetone as accelerator, and distilled water to make 40 ml; staining times of 10--30 min were used.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1978

Borax methylene blue: a spectroscopic and staining study.

Borax methylene blue is quite stable at room temperatures of 22-25 C. At 30 C polychroming is slow; during 50 days in a water bath at this temperature the absorption peak moves from 665 to 656 nm. At 35 C, the absorption peak reaches 660 nm in 7 days, 654 nm in 14. At 60 C polychroming is rapid, the absorption peak reaching 640-620 nm in 3 days. When the pH of the borax methylene blue solutions, normally about 9.0, is adjusted to pH 6.5, the absorption peak remains at 665 nm even when incubated at 60 C for extended periods. When used as a blood stain 0.4 ml borax methylene blue (1% methylene blue in 1% borax), 4 ml acetone, 2 ml borax-acid phosphate buffer to bring the solution to pH 6.5, and distilled water to make 40 ml, with 0.2 ml 1% eosin added just before using, an excellent Nocht-Giemsa type stain is achieved after 30 minutes staining. The material plasmodia P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. berghei stain moderate blue with dark red chromatin and green to black pigment granules. The study confirms Malachowski's 1891 results and explains Gautier's 1896-98 failure to duplicate it.

Borates↗
PubMed1977

Granulocyte function in visceral leishmaniasis.

Nitroblue tetrazolium test in nine children with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) showed no increase of spontaneous reduction by neutrophils. The normal bactericidal activity of four of these patients excludes an impaired function of the neutrophils in VL.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1977

Amniotic fluid insulin and glucagon in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by rhesus isoimmunization.

Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) were determined in the amniotic fluid from 28 rhesus isoimmunized pregnancies with moderately affected fetuses and from 15 normal pregnancies; in umbilical arterial plasma from nine newborn infants with rhesus haemolytic disease of moderate degree and from 19 normal infants; in plasma from their respective mothers at delivery; and in the urine of 13 normal infants at birth. Levels of IRI and IRG in amniotic fluid from rhesus cases were not different from those of normal pregnancies. IRG was detected in the first voided neonatal urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Insulin and growth hormone secretion in a leukaemic girl with hypothalamic syndrome.

The authors report a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting hypothalamic syndrome characterized by meningeal leukaemia, hyperphagia and obesity. Insulin and growth hormone secretion, studied with arginine and insulin stimulation tests, showed a high peak of serum insulin and no response of growth hormone. Insulin and growth hormone responses to these tests reverted to normal after intrathecal methotrexate.

Arginine↗