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A Russell

Publications and source records attributed to A Russell.

198 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Diltiazem pharmacokinetics in elderly volunteers after single and multiple doses.

In young healthy volunteers diltiazem does not have linear kinetics between single and multiple doses. Elimination half-life increases and gives AUC's and Cmax higher than those predicted from single dose data. Kinetics of diltiazem were assessed in 16 healthy elderly after a single 60 mg dose and in 24 healthy elderly after 60 mg every 8 h for 7 days. Thirteen participants completed both studies. Elimination half-life, AUC0-24, AUC0-infinity, and Cmax were (mean +/- SE) 7.4 (1.2) h, 349 (34) ng/ml.h, 392 (44) ng/ml.h, and 43 (5) ng/ml respectively after a single dose. After multiple doses elimination half-life, AUC0-48, AUC0-infinity, Cmax and Cmin were respectively 5.7 (0.3) h, 974 (107) ng/ml.h, 1022 (108) ng/ml.h, 102 (7) ng/ml and 43 (5) ng/ml. Exploratory statistics on the 13 volunteers common to both studies showed that the ratio of AUC desacetyl-diltiazem (DAD)/AUC diltiazem rose between single and multiple doses while elimination half-life of both diltiazem and N-desmethyl-diltiazem (MA), tmax, and AUC MA/AUC diltiazem were not affected. The conclusion of this study is that elimination half-life of diltiazem does not increase in elderly between single and multiple doses, possibly due to an increased biotransformation into DAD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sphincter-sparing treatment for distal rectal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that the anal sphincter can be preserved in some patients with distal rectal adenocarcinoma (DRA), but this has not been validated in any prospective multi-institutional trial. METHODS: To test the hypothesis that the anal sphincter can be preserved in some patients with DRA, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B and collaborators reviewed 177 patients who had T1/T2 adenocarcinomas < or = 4 cm in diameter, which encompassed < or = 40% of bowel wall circumference, and were < or = 10 cm from the dentate line. Of the 177 patients, 59 patients who were eligible for the study had T1 adenocarcinomas and received no further treatment; 51 eligible T2 patients received external beam irradiation (5400 cGY/30 fractions 5 days/week) and 5-fluorouracil (500 mg/m2 IV d1-3, d29-31) after local excision. RESULTS: At 48 months median follow-up, 6-year survival and failure-free survival rates of the eligible patients are 85% and 78% respectively. Three patients died of unrelated disease. Two patients were treated for second primary colorectal tumors; both remain disease free (NED). Another eight patients died of disease, four with distant recurrence only. One T1 patient is alive with distant disease. Two T1 and seven T2 patients experienced isolated local recurrences; all underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection (APR). After APR, one T1 and four of seven T2 patients were NED at the time of last visit (2-7 years). One T1 patient died of local and distant disease. Three of seven T2 patients died with distant disease. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that sphincter preservation can be achieved with excellent cancer control without initial sacrifice of anal function in most patients. After local recurrence, salvage resection appears effective, but longer follow-up time of local and distant disease-free survival is advised before extrapolation to patients with T3 primaries.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Which characteristics of schizophrenia predate psychosis?

Neuropsychological and brain structural abnormalities are present in first onset schizophrenia; the balance of evidence is that in the majority of cases these are developmental in origin. A proportion of first degree relatives also show lateral ventricular enlargement, cortical volume decrease and possibly loss of the normal cerebral asymmetry; these findings suggest that certain families transmit a genetic defect in the control of neurodevelopment. On the contrary, decrement in left hippocampal volume appears to be secondary to perinatal hypoxia. High risk, follow-back and cohort studies all demonstrate that preschizophrenics as a group show deviant development; delayed milestones, lower IQ, solitary play, excessive anxiety, and minor neurological problems are all common. It seems likely, but not proven, that these are a manifestation of underlying neurodevelopmental disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preribosomal RNA processing in archaea: characterization of the RNP endonuclease mediated processing of precursor 16S rRNA in the thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius uses a novel RNA-containing endonuclease to excise and mature 16S rRNA from the precursor (pre) rRNA transcript. A cell-free processing system has been developed using an in vitro transcribed RNA substrate containing the entire 144 nucleotide 5' external transcribed spacer (5'ETS) and the first 72 nucleotides of 16S rRNA. The cell-free extract cleaves in the 5'ETS at positions -99, -31, and +1 (i.e., the 5'ETS-16S junction). These positions are at or near the positions cleaved in vivo during processing of the pre rRNA transcript. The processing activity has been purified between 100 and 200-fold and appears to contain five or six polypeptide components and perhaps as many as 10 different small RNA components. Using combined reverse transcription-PCR amplification, full or partial cDNA copies of two of the RNA components have been obtained. One of the RNAs exhibits sequence and structural similarities to eukaryotic U3 snoRNA. The processing activity has been shown to be inactivated by micrococcal nuclease. It can be reactivated by reconstituting using bulk RNA from S.acidocaldarius but not bulk RNA from distantly related organisms. The activity is also abolished by RNase H digestion in the presence of oligonucleotides complementary to the U3-like RNA. These results demonstrate that the U3-like RNA is an essential component of the pre rRNA processing RNP endonuclease. Furthermore, this RNP endonuclease is not a derived eukaryotic feature, instead its existence predates the divergence of archaea and eukaryotes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epilepsy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjuvant arthritis in the rat during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is known to have a beneficial effect on some forms of peripheral arthritis in man. We have examined the effect of pregnancy on the development and severity of adjuvant arthritis in the rat. Pregnancy does modify the development of adjuvant arthritis, but once the arthropathy is established, the changes seen with pregnancy are not the same as with rheumatoid arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MADD rates the states: a media advocacy event to advance the agenda against alcohol-impaired driving.

The "Rating the States" (RTS) Program of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) is designed to bring public attention to the status of State government efforts to combat alcohol-impaired driving. MADD's 1993 report, which evaluated each State with a grade from A to D, brought renewed visibility to MADD's fight for new prevention policies and helped to advance key State legislation. Because of MADD's national press conference and other media activities, more than 60 million Americans saw or heard a news story related to the program. This article outlines the program's objectives and methodology, efforts to publicize the results, and what was achieved in terms of news media coverage and in advancing public policy change. The RTS Program is a proven media advocacy strategy for prompting State legislatures and Governors to enact new policies. The article concludes with guidelines for other public health advocacy groups that may want to emulate this strategy.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epilepsy: the most common serious neurological condition.

This article looks at the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. The seizures associated with this condition are described and the classification is highlighted. Finally, the treatment is explained. A second article which looks at the nurse's role in caring for people with epilepsy and a patient's experience will be published July 2.

Epilepsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How nurses can support people with epilepsy.

This article looks at the nurse's role in caring for people with epilepsy in different age groups and at new developments in the treatment of this condition. A previous article (Nursing Times, May 21) looked at the diagnosis of epilepsy and the management of seizures.

Adolescent↗