Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Rushton

Publications and source records attributed to A Rushton.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Prevention and treatment of experimental influenza A virus infection in volunteers with a new antiviral ICI 130,685.

The initial prophylactic and therapeutic trials of ICI 130,685 against influenza A virus infection are reported. Prophylaxis with either 200 mg/day (38 volunteers received drug and 40 received placebo) or 100 mg/day (28 volunteers received drug and 28 received placebo) for seven days significantly reduced illness, mean clinical score and nasal secretion weight when volunteers were challenged with 10(4.1) EID50 of influenza virus A/Eng/40/83 (H3N2). Overall, prophylaxis with 200 mg/day and 100 mg/day gave 91% and 72% protection against illness relative to placebo, respectively. In addition, prophylaxis with both regimens for seven days also significantly reduced the number of volunteers who excreted virus. In a therapeutic study, volunteers were inoculated with the same dose of virus and those who developed symptoms which persisted for 6-15 h were treated with 200 mg/day of drug (20 volunteers) or placebo (19 volunteers) for four days. Generally, treatment reduced both the amount of virus excreted and the mean daily clinical score. However, these reductions were only statistically significant (P less than 0.05) on the third day of medication for the amount of virus excreted and on the fourth day of treatment for the mean clinical score. It was concluded that ICI 130,685 is effective in the prevention and treatment of influenza virus infection. An initial tolerance study in 16 volunteers who received either drug (200 mg/day) (8 volunteers) or placebo (8 volunteers) for seven days, indicated that the drug was generally well tolerated. Combining data from all studies, 43% of volunteers who received the drug at the 200 mg/day dosage and 21% who received placebo complained of one or more symptoms. However, symptoms were generally minor and of short duration. At the lower dosage (100 mg/day) the symptoms were qualitatively similar to those reported with placebo.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Social work in a health centre.

For the last six years social workers have been attached to a health centre in Croydon, Surrey, from the General Practice Research Unit of the Institute of Psychiatry, University of London. Jennifer Winny and Andrée Rushton, research social workers, describe the pattern of relationships that has developed.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of atenolol and adrenaline with respect to intraocular pressure.

1. The effects of topically administered atenolol 4% and adrenaline 1% on intraocular pressure (IOP) were investigated in fourteen healthy male human volunteers. Both the sole and combined effects of single doses of the formulations were recorded over a 7 h period. 2. Adrenaline and atenolol both produced significant reductions in IOP when compared to the placebo control, although the pattern of response differed. 3. Adrenaline had a rapid onset of action, resulting in a significant pressure reduction by 45 min post drug administration. A small upswing in IOP then occurred between 45 and 90 min, followed by a prolonged secondary reduction phase. 4. Atenolol produced a gradual reduction in IOP which reached a maximum at 180 min post drug administration and subsequently declined between 300 and 420 min. 5. Combined treatment with atenolol and adrenaline resulted in additive effects up to 180 min, and the early pressure upswing recorded with adrenaline was completely abolished. 6. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that beta 1-adrenoceptor stimulation elevates intraocular pressure. The correlation of these results with relevant animal and human pharmacological data is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Group work with single parents--a single and separated parents' group.

Two social workers attached to a health centre organised a group for single and separated parents with problems, as an addition to medication and individual treatment available. This paper covers the selection, aims and structure of the group and examines the content of the meetings. It concludes that this is a viable method for alleviating the social isolation and anxiety of lone parents beyond their participation in groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Safety of Hibitane. II. Human experience.

Chlorhexidine has been widely used in medical practice since its introduction on to the marked in the early 1950s. Primarily it has been used for topical antisepsis, e.g. pre-surgery skin preparation, burns prophylaxis, and prior to obstetrical/gynaecological procedures. This extensive experience has demonstrated the virtual absence of sensitization and a low irritancy potential for the compound. Only one significant adverse effect has been identified during medical use, namely, the production of sensorineural deafness after direct instillation into the middle ear, a property shared by several commonly used antiseptics. The encouraging reports of the use of chlorhexidine for plaque control prompted further safety investigations. It has been shown that absorption after oral ingestion is very low, and long-term oral use has not produced changes in haematological and biochemical parameters. Occasional oral intolerance of mouthrinse formulations has been reported, although no histological abnormalities were present in gingival biopsies taken after 18 months' daily use. Very occasionally, a reversible swelling of the parotid glands has been reported after use of chlorhexidine in mouthrinse formulations, but not after other methods of administration. Tooth discoloration, which shows wide inter-individual variation is seen after all dental formulations. This undesirable cosmetic effect would appear to represent the only significant argument against everyday prophylactic oral use of chlorhexidine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical and biochemical evaluation of Clozic, a novel disease modifying drug in rheumatoid arthritis.

We have compared two dose levels of Clozic, a novel agent with potential anti-rheumatoid activity, to D-penicillamine and aspirin in an observer blind randomised parallel group study of 56 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Eight clinical assessments and 26 laboratory assessments were performed on each patient at each visit over a six month period. Results were analysed by conventional methods and also by correlation matrices constructed between clinical and laboratory variables. Patients treated with D-penicillamine (500 mg/day) responded adequately and the control group on aspirin (up to 3.6 g of enteric coated formulation/day) performed well, though the withdrawal rate from this latter group was high, predominantly because of continued disease activity. Patients receiving Clozic (100 mg/day or 300 mg/day) improved more than patients receiving penicillamine, particularly at the higher dose. Comparison of methods of analysis validates the use of correlation matrices both for detecting anti-rheumatoid activity and for determining the optimum dose of a novel compound. This trial illustrates the problems of a study of this nature, with the powerful effect on patients of being enrolled in such a closely monitored investigation. It emphasises the greater value of biochemical changes in following disease changes.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗