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Biomedical subjects

A Ruelland

Publications and source records attributed to A Ruelland.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Characteristics of smokers seeking smoking cessation services: the CDT programme].

INTRODUCTION: The development of smoking cessation clinics in France since 1999 has been accompanied by the setting up of an electronic database to evaluate the appropriateness of these services to the needs of smokers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the characteristics of smokers registered in the smoking cessation services national database. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 40 smoking cessation centres from 20 French regions. The study population included 14,574 smokers attending the smoking cessation centres that participated in building a national computerised database during the period 2001-2003. RESULTS: A significant proportion of the study population was female (51.4%), middle-aged (42.8 years), more highly educated (34% had received further education) and employed (68%). Almost half of the population was considered to be highly dependent on tobacco. Thirty-four percent of smokers had a past medical history of cardiovascular or lung disease. A history of depression was found in nearly one third of the population. CONCLUSIONS: Young people and individuals from deprived backgrounds were underrepresented, but smoking cessation services were being accessed by highly-dependent smokers and smokers with tobacco-related diseases services. More targeted smoking cessation strategies should be considered in order to improve access to smoking cessation services by more deprived groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Postprandial variations in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, phospholipid transfer protein activity and plasma cholesterol efflux capacity in normolipidemic men.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Plasma cholesterol efflux capacity is stimulated during postprandial (PP) hypertriglycerdemia. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) are the key proteins in lipoprotein metabolism and remodelling, but their role during the PP cholesterol efflux process remains indeterminate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a fatty meal intake on plasma CETP and PLTP activities, and the capacity of plasma to promote cholesterol efflux, as well as to evaluate the relationship between these three key mechanisms of the reverse cholesterol transport process. METHODS AND RESULTS: CETP and PLTP activities and the cholesterol efflux capacity of plasma were measured over eight hours following a fatty meal (1000 kcal, 62% fat) in 13 normolipidemic men. CETP activity and the cholesterol efflux capacity of plasma from Fu5AH cells increased after the meal, reaching a maximum after eight hours (respectively 32%, p = 0.06, and 6.5%, p = 0.045), whereas PLTP activity remained unchanged. CETP and PLTP activities did not correlate with plasma cholesterol efflux capacity in the fasting or PP state. Plasma CETP activity in the fasting state positively correlated with the plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, but no correlation was found with any lipid or apolipoprotein postprandially. The cholesterol efflux capacity of plasma correlated positively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) components, the best correlation being with the HDL phospholipid fraction in both the fasting and PP states. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that plasma CETP and PLTP activities in healthy normolipidemic subjects are differently regulated in the PP state, and are not correlated with the increased cholesterol efflux capacity of PP plasma. HDL-phospholipid remains the key factor in the regulation of the capacity of plasma to promote Fu5AH cell cholesterol efflux.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Serum paraoxonase activity and paraoxonase gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients with or without vascular complications.

BACKGROUND: Serum paraoxonase (PON) activity and the relevance of PON gene polymorphism in vascular complications of type 2 diabetic patients were investigated in a case-control study. METHODS: The population included 105 control subjects, 96 diabetic patients without vascular complications and 71 diabetics with vascular complications. RESULTS: Serum PON activity was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in diabetic patients without vascular complications: 207 IU (25-817) compared with the controls: 259 IU (24-950). Although serum PON activity was also decreased: 232 IU (34-797) in the population with vascular complications, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.11). The Q192 allele frequency is significantly higher (p<0.005) in diabetics without vascular complications (77%), and with vascular complications (73%) than in the controls (63%). No significant association was found between either PON(1)55 L/M and PON(2)311 C/S gene polymorphisms and vascular complications. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in allele frequency for the PON(1) Q/R 192 gene polymorphism may be the cause of the low paraoxonase activity observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies need to be conducted to elucidate the role of the enzyme in the development of vascular complications in diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Determination of lipoprotein(a) concentrations and apolipoprotein(a) molecular weights in diabetic patients.

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) with atherogenic and thrombotic properties has been frequently studied in diabetes, because a high cardiovascular risk has been reported both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Few studies have considered genetic factors, especially the isoforms of apolipoprotein(a). The aim of this work is to determine the distribution of apo(a) phenotypes in the serum of 148 diabetic patients (59 type 1, 89 type 2) with or without vascular complications. Apo(a) phenotypes are determined using 4-15% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting (PhastSystem - Pharmacia). An inverse relationship is observed between Lp(a) serum concentration and the apparent molecular mass of apo(a) isoforms: type 1 r=- 0.61, p<0.01; type 2 r=- 0.55, p<0.01. The frequency of apo(a) isoforms is significantly different between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A higher prevalence of isoforms of low molecular weight was observed in the type 2 diabetic population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Models to predict cardiovascular risk: comparison of CART, multilayer perceptron and logistic regression.

The estimate of a multivariate risk is now required in guidelines for cardiovascular prevention. Limitations of existing statistical risk models lead to explore machine-learning methods. This study evaluates the implementation and performance of a decision tree (CART) and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to predict cardiovascular risk from real data. The study population was randomly splitted in a learning set (n = 10,296) and a test set (n = 5,148). CART and the MLP were implemented at their best performance on the learning set and applied on the test set and compared to a logistic model. Implementation, explicative and discriminative performance criteria are considered, based on ROC analysis. Areas under ROC curves and their 95% confidence interval are 0.78 (0.75-0.81), 0.78 (0.75-0.80) and 0.76 (0.73-0.79) respectively for logistic regression, MLP and CART. Given their implementation and explicative characteristics, these methods can complement existing statistical models and contribute to the interpretation of risk.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1997

[Triclonal gammopathy and malignant immunoproliferative syndrome].

Three distinct monoclonal gammopathies were identified in the serum of a 79 year-old man. In 1972 he presented with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia IgM Kappa. Twenty years later multiple myeloma was diagnoses. Serum protein electrophoresis performed at this time showed three monoclonal bands. Immunofixation identified these bands as monoclonal IgM kappa, IgG kappa and IgA kappa. Twenty-six cases of triclonal gammopathies were previously reported. Sixteen cases were associated with malignant immuno-proliferative diseases (non-hodgkin lymphoma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma); five cases with non-hematologic diseases; three cases were of undetermined significance. The origin of three distinct monoclonal proteins may derive from three unrelated clones or alternatively from a single clone in which an isotype switch has occurred.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Fortuitous diagnosis of the association of hemoglobin J-Broussais with beta + thalassemia.

The authors report a case, not described so far in literature, of an association of HbJ-Broussais [alpha (90 (PG2) lys-->asn beta 2] with beta + thalassemia in a young girl born of Italian father and Breton mother. This association is clinically silent. Biochemistry revealed, besides HbA, the presence of HbJ-Broussais in the proportion of 19.4% and HbA2 value of 3.9%. These percentages, slightly lower than expected, are explained. A familial study is presented.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Serum lipid, apolipoprotein and lipoparticle levels in the human fetus.

Blood collected from 62 fetuses aged 20-38 weeks of gestation was studied. The values of ten lipid parameters were determined: cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1), apolipoprotein B (apo B), apolipoprotein E (apo E), total apolipoprotein CIII (apo CIII), apolipoprotein CIII present in particles containing apo B (apo CIII LpB) or not (apo CIII Lp non-B), lipoparticles A1 (LpA1), and lipoprotein a (Lp(a)). The results show that, except for apo E, all the studied parameters were present in lower concentrations than in adults and newborns, and that Lp(a) is not detectable at that stage in life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Susceptibility of LDL to lipid peroxidation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with or without macroangiopathy].

Since oxidized LDL may play a role in the genesis of atheroma, which is the primary complication of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we investigated whether the LDL of diabetic patients were more prone to oxidation than those of healthy controls. We therefore studied the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation by phenylhydrazine (LDL-PO) in NIDDM patients with or without macroangiopathy, and in controls. Results showed that the LDL of patients with macroangiopathy (n = 50) were more susceptible to oxidation than those of both NIDDM patients without vascular complications (n = 50) and controls (n = 50). In diabetic patients, there was a positive correlation between LDL-PO and the following parameters: total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B. In contrast, there was no correlation between LDL-PO and the parameters of glycemic control (fasting glucose, HbAlc). After analyzing the composition of LDL, it appeared that LDL-PO values in diabetic patients were positively correlated with those of all LDL constituents. The increase in LDL-PO observed in the group of NIDDM patients with macroangiopathy could be a consequence of an increase in the LDL triglyceride content in these patients.

Apolipoproteins B↗
PubMed1993

LDL sialic acid content in patients with coronary artery disease.

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are considered to be the most atherogenic of lipoproteins. These LDL can be modified and oxidative modifications are now well known. In addition, other atherogenic modifications of LDL exist, such as desialylation. In the present study sialic acid content was determined in LDL preparations obtained from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD+) and compared with that of healthy subjects and patients without coronary heart disease (CAD-). The sialic acid concentration was found to be statistically lower (P < 0.05) in the LDL of CAD+ patients (11.6 +/- 2.7 micrograms/mg of protein) than in the LDL of controls (16.5 +/- 5.6 micrograms/mg of protein) or in the LDL of CAD- patients (15.3 +/- 3.8 micrograms/mg of protein). In subgroups of CAD+ patients divided according to the severity of the disease, no statistically significant difference was observed in LDL sialic acid content. This work confirms the presence of desialylated LDL in the sera of patients with atheroma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Plasma malondialdehyde in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.

Malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in 117 diabetic patients and 53 controls. Patients were divided into groups and subgroups according to the type of diabetes (type 1 and type 2) and the existence or not of vascular complication (macro- or micro-angiopathy). Results showed that TBARS concentrations were significantly higher in type 1 (P < 0.0001) and type 2 (P < 0.001) diabetic patients than in the control group. The plasma TBARS concentrations in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients did not differ significantly. Among the patients with vascular disease, type 2 diabetic patients with macroangiopathy had significantly higher TBARS concentrations than patients with no vascular complication (P < 0.05). Whichever the type of diabetes, there was no correlation between TBARS concentrations and glycaemic control: glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose. This study confirmed the existence of lipid peroxidation disorders in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Identification of a type 1 macrocreatine kinase].

A macrocreatine-kinase type 1 was identified by CK isoenzyme electrophoresis of a serum sample from a patient. Constituents of this enzyme complex were studied. The isoenzyme present in the macrocreatine-kinase was identified using immunoprecipitation with antibodies against the M subunit. Affinity chromatography then determined the type of the immunoglobulin bound to the CK isoenzyme. A protocol for studying macrocreatine-kinase type 1 compounds is proposed.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1991

[Incidental diagnosis of homozygous alpha-zero thalassemia in a 21 week old fetus].

A fetus with signs of hydrops fetalis syndrome of unknown etiology, has been studied at 21 weeks. In fetal blood, total absence of HbA and HbF, presence of Hb Bart's, Hb Portland and HbH argued in favor of alpha zero-thalassemia syndrome. Because thalassemia syndromes were transmitted in a mendelian autosomal fashion, we studied the parents. Results suggest that the father was carrier of heterozygous alpha zero-thalassemia syndrome and the mother of hemoglobin H disease (and also heterozygous HbE). Neither of them was aware of being carrier of the disease but this results explain the fetal homozygous alpha zero-thalassemia.

Female↗