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Biomedical subjects

A Rougier

Publications and source records attributed to A Rougier.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Histologic and non-histologic factors correlated with survival time in supratentorial astrocytic tumors.

One hundred and ninety-two cases of supratentorial astrocytic tumors are classified in 4 groups according to the presence or absence in the pathological material of simple morphological criteria: abnormal cellular density, nuclear pleomorphism, neovascularization, necrosis. Each one of these criteria is strongly correlated with prognosis. Nevertheless only a simple classification in low and high grade lesions has a definite predictive value. A multivariate analysis utilizing Cox's hazard function confronts these histological findings with a number of clinical and etiological possible factors of prognosis. Age and performance status at the time of diagnosis are the best predictors of survival time. The clinical use of a predictive model derived from Cox's function analysis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The measurement of the stratum corneum reservoir. A predictive method for in vivo percutaneous absorption studies: influence of application time.

The relation existing in vivo between the reservoir function of the stratum corneum following a 30-min application time and the total percutaneous absorption of molecules applied for a longer time was studied on hairless rats. One thousand nanomoles of 4 radiolabeled molecules (theophylline, nicotinic acid, acetyl salicylic acid, benzoic acid) were applied on 1 cm2 of back skin for 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 h. The total recovery in excreta and the whole animal body were measured 4 days later in order to determine the level of absorption. A direct proportionality (r = 0.99) between the total percutaneous absorption of these compounds and the duration of their application was observed. This suggests that a constant flux of penetration does exist in vivo. The reservoir function of the stratum corneum was measured by successive stripping of the treated area. Following a 30-min application, a strict correlation (r = 0.99) between the total amounts of molecules penetrated in 4 days and the amounts found in the reservoir of the horny layer was demonstrated. All together these findings show that the simple knowledge of the reservoir effect of the stratum corneum for a molecule applied for 30 min allows the predictive assessment of its total penetration resulting from various times of application.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

In vivo relationship between horny layer reservoir effect and percutaneous absorption in human and rat.

The in vivo relationship between the reservoir effect of the stratum corneum and the percutaneous absorption was established in both human volunteers and hairless rats. Four doses of [ring-14C]benzoic acid, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 nmol, were applied on 1 cm2 either on the external side of the human arm or on the back of the rat, for 30 min. In both human and rat, the data on percutaneous absorption after 4 days is directly related to the dose administered. In rat, the permeability to benzoic acid is twice that of the human skin and the reservoir effect of the stratum corneum, measured at the end of application (30 min), is also doubled for this molecule in rat. Taking into account these findings and the observed histologic differences between the treated areas of these two species, the molecular reservoir of the horny layer may well be situated within the interlayer spaces. For both species, a linear relationship exists between (x), the amount of substance present in the stratum corneum at the end of application (30 min), and (y), the total amount penetrated in 4 days. The relationship, similar to that obtained in an earlier study on rat with 10 molecules, may be written as follows: y = 1.83 x - 0.52 (r = 0.998, p less than 0.001). Thus the amount of substance liable to penetrate through human skin within 4 days can be predicted by measuring the amount present in the stratum corneum 30 min after application of the drug.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

[Role of interstitial radiation in the treatment of glioma].

Therapy of glioma is a function of numerous factors: their histology, localization and size, but also the age and functional state of the patient. Interstitial radiation by temporary implantation of Iridium 192 needles is recommended only under certain precise conditions: for tumors surgically inaccessible because of their deep localization or their site in a highly functional region, and for those with diameters of less than 35 mm. This restricts the number of cases that can be treated (45 in the present series). Numerous adverse reactions developed, either in the short (initial deficit and edematous reactions), medium (epilepsy) or long term (radionecrosis). However, many were regressive and the treatment is satisfactorily tolerated in view of the localization of these tumors in highly functional regions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Partial epilepsies of adolescence with computer tomography abnormalities, localized astrocytic reaction and spontaneously remitting course].

Four teenagers with partial epileptic seizures presented focal cortical enhanced CT scan images. Angiographies were normal. Stereotactic biopsies revealed astrocytic proliferation. CT scan abnormalities diminished or vanished in some months. On long-term follow-up seizures were either less frequent or disappeared. None of the possible aetiologic hypotheses (astrocytoma, encephalitis, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, vascular malformation) was fully satisfying. Nevertheless, a regressive evolution observed in these four patients demonstrates that acquired epileptogenic lesions during adolescence are not always of poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Malignant astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Therapeutic results].

Statistical analysis of therapeutic results in malignant gliomas is impeded by the discrepancies between the various classifications. We have distinguished glioblastomas from malignant astrocytomas. The latter are defined as malignant gliomas other than glioblastomas with CT scan enhancement after IV contrast. The discrimination between these two types of tumor is justified by the very different actuarial survival curves. Total survival was not prolonged by chemotherapy in randomized studies. Systematic sequential treatment of glioblastomas with VM26-CCNU is questionable.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1983

In vivo correlation between stratum corneum reservoir function and percutaneous absorption.

A relationship between stratum corneum reservoir function and percutaneous absorption has been established in the hairless rat. Two hundred nanomoles of 10 substances that have a wide range of chemical structures were topically applied for 30 min and the total body distribution was measured after 96 h. The quantity of substance present in the stratum corneum reservoir after 30-min application was measured by liquid scintillation counting after tape-stripping the treated area. A linear relationship exists between the quantity of substance in this reservoir x(nmol X cm-2) and the total amount of radioactivity distributed in the body and excreta y(nmol X cm-2) after 96 h. The relationship is given by: y = 1.644 X x - 0.536 (r = 0.998, p less than 0.001). Apart from the steroids, 80-95% of the compounds were excreted in the urine; and with the exception of thiourea, this elimination was rapid, especially for mannitol and benzoic acid. We confirmed that in terms of penetration there is a factor of 50 between benzoic acid (best) and dexamethasone (worst). Thus the quantity of substance penetrating through intact rat skin can be predicted by measuring the horny layer concentration. The animal data reported here should be verified in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The diagnosis and therapeutic malignant gliomas management (author's transl)].

3 principles lead, in our opinion, the malignant gliomas management: to place surgery in first position, to take prognostic factors into account, to require a convincing histological evidence before deciding on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 111 cases are studied: in 8% of cases stereotax biopsies allow correction of CT scan diagnosis. The survival curves could be carefully interpreted according to patient and tumor features.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

Assimilation of 14C-linoleic acid by the rat fetus.

Following ingestion, by the 20-day pregnant mother, of (1-14C)linoleic acid, the retention and distribution of 14C are determined in th fetus, placenta and mother, after 1, 3 and 6 h. Comparison of the specific activities of linoleic and arachidonic acids in the maternal plasma, liver and placenta, and the fetal plasma, liver and carcass leads to the conclusion of a selective materno-fetal transfer of arachidonic acid, relative to linoleic acid, through the placenta.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Tomodensitometry in stereotaxic conditions (possibilities and limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of brain lesions)].

The stereotaxic approach of cerebral lesions for diagnostic (biopsies) and/or therapeutic purposes (interstitial radiotherapy) has been well documented. These techniques depend on an exact spatial definition of the tumoral volume, which is often difficult to obtain through conventional neuroradiology, stereoencephalography, rheography... The use of tomodensitometry in this context is obviously of upmost interest if, and only if, the scan itself is obtained in stereotaxic conditions. The authors present a stereotaxic system with which all the diagnostic data, including CT scan itself, are recorded and matched within the same stereotaxic space. This method achieves an exact mapping of lesions within the actual stereotaxic brain space. Hence any further stereotaxic gesture can be calculated and controlled with a suitable accuracy. The interest of these procedures in the management of brain lesions is demonstrated through an experience of 52 supra tentorial tumors. 13 cases of lesions under 20 mm in diameter are especially discussed.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional heterogeneity of the frontal lobe: evidence from intracranial memory ERPs.

Intracranial event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited during a recognition memory task were recorded in 17 epileptic patients by using depth electrodes sampling different regions within the frontal lobe. The task was a continuous recognition memory task in which repeated items were presented after six or 19 intervening items following their first presentation. Such a paradigm is one of the experimental tasks requiring both short-term memory and interference control processes which are thought to be subserved by the frontal lobe. The results provide electrophysiological support for the classical view that the frontal lobe is heterogeneous region encompassing a number of functional systems subserving different aspects of memory processing. The anterior dorsolateral and cingulate cortices were found to contribute to short-term memory and recency judgment. The orbital region is more likely to be involved in interference control. The posterior part of the frontal cortex plays a role in some processes related to the control of the motor response.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anatomical findings in 30 cases of acute severe traumatic coma (author's transl)].

A variety of lesions of varying complexity were noted during pathological examinations of the brain in 30 cases of acute severe traumatic coma, of whom 27 survived for less than 10 days. "Diffuse brain damage" were present in all cases and contusions were frequently noted (83 p. 100). The lesions appear immediately after, and are directly related to the injury. Ischemic lesions were present in 66 p. 100 of cases and their mechanisms of production are various and interwoven. The frequency of respiratory difficulties associated with brain injuries is stressed. Two thirds of the cases with brain stem lesions (80 p. 100) were secondary to phenomena related to trans-tentorial herniation. Clinical examinations of these patients with acute severe coma demonstrates the difficulties encountered in assessing prognosis based on clinical findings within the first 48 hours.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eating seizures.

An 18-year old man had a cluster of three seizures in a few hours and then remained seizure-free without medication; his mother has experienced seizures induced by movement. A 29-year-old man has had recurrent seizures for six years. In both cases, seizures were partial motor seizures induced by chewing. They are considered to be a particular variety of movement-induced seizures triggered by proprioceptive afferents of muscular origin. This explanation does not account for the great majority of the 63 published cases of seizures precipitated by eating. Eating seizures represent a heterogeneous group of seizures with discrete electroclinical signs and mechanisms. The term "eating seizures" should be preferred to the term "eating epilepsy."

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quinolinic-phosphoribosyl transferase activity is decreased in epileptic human brain tissue.

The presence of the excitotoxic and convulsant agent quinolinic acid (QUIN) in human brain has led to the hypothesis that an increase of this tryptophan metabolite could serve as an endogenous epileptogen. A possible mechanism for a pathological accumulation of QUIN being a deficiency in its degradation, we have measured the activity of quinolinic-phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRTase) (its first degradative enzyme) in stereo-EEG identified biopsies of human brain tissue. A specific reduction of QPRTase activity was observed in tissue primarily involved in the epileptic discharge compared to values from postmortem human brain tissue with no neurological disorders or nonpathological tissue from epileptic brains. A more severe decrease was noticed in the frontal and temporal cortices as compared to the amygdala or Ammon's horn. We suggest that this local deficit may contribute to the establishment or maintenance of an epileptic focus.

Adolescent↗