[Psychopharmacological therapy in children and adolescents in the field of phoniatrics].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
A Rothenberger
Publications and source records attributed to A Rothenberger.
Coexistence of tics and hyperactivity in children: no additive at the psychophysiological level.
The objective of the present work was to study the effects of tic disorder (TD) and hyperactivity (HA) on slow cortical potentials in children with combined TD + HA symptoms. Being related to different processes of frontal lobe control over preparatory cortical activity, early and late components of the slow negative potentials (eSNP, ISNP) were examined. SNP amplitude was analyzed as reflecting the sufficiency of preparatory cortical activation; scalp distribution of SNP and relationships to reaction times were studied as revealing the efficiency of task-related region-specific activation. It was hypothesized that if the effects of TD and HA were independent, additive effects on SNP amplitudes would be observed in children with coexisting TD and HA symptoms (TD + HA). Differences in SNP scalp distribution between control and patient groups were predicted to occur mainly over the frontal brain areas. Four groups of children (n = 10/11 in each group) were studied: healthy controls, pure TD, pure attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and combined tic and hyperactivity symptoms. SNPs were recorded in an auditory warned reaction time task (S1-S2-RT) from 8 electrode locations. According to the results, the effects of TD and HA on the sufficiency of task-dependent cortical activation were different, with only the TD factor related to lower SNP amplitudes. Nevertheless, deviant patterns of scalp distribution were found for pure ADHD patients, which suggested an inefficiency in involving the adequate task-related areas. For TD + HA children, like pure TD, lower SNP amplitudes and similar distribution and correlation patterns were present. Thus, according to amplitude, topography, and correlation criteria, TD + HA does not appear to be a subgroup of HA disorder but seems more similar to pure tic disorder.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Methylphenidate enhances both intracortical inhibition and facilitation in healthy adults.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to investigate the effect of the psychostimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH) on motor cortex excitability in healthy adults (n = 12) in a placebo-controlled, crossover design study. MPH caused an enhancement of intracortical inhibition as well as intracortical facilitation. Enhancement of both of these TMS parameters was unexpected and suggests that MPH exerts its action on the motor cortex not only through the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system.
Adult↗
[Research on autism. Different aspects of changes observed during the development period].
Research on infantile autism in child psychiatry refers mainly to a concept of "non-change" and not so much to a concept of "change". Very few investigations included longitudinal perspectives. Even commonly used classifications (e.g., DSM III-R) did not consider developmental aspects. However, if we want to find better treatment approaches to help autistic children, we should try to elucidate basic developmental mechanisms concerning behavioral, biological, psychological and social factors taking into account both a concept of "change" and one of "non-change". Having in mind both the relationship between brain function and developmental psychopathology as well as the possible interaction of the two developmental concepts mentioned above, the article first clarifies terms related to maturation in children like "absolute change" (e.g., intraindividual growth) and "relative change" (e.g., growth relative to the age group). In addition, the existence of a so-called after-maturation of the CNS (i.e., absolute and relative "change") in psychiatric disordered children is illustrated by the author's neurophysiological research. In contrast, an example of absolute "change" and relative "non-change" of electrical brain activity is given, i.e., power spectra of a child are like fingerprints. Furthermore, two kinds of maturational problems are discussed (developmental deviation versus developmental retardation). On the basis of these informations, the author refers to the main topic, namely, the relationship between central nervous maturation and behavior in autistic children. It is suggested, that recent imaging techniques and progress in EEG analysis should lead to new efforts in order to further investigate the question of lateralization deficits and its relation to language problems in autistic children during their development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗