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Biomedical subjects

A Roth

Publications and source records attributed to A Roth.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Specific and total serum IgE measurements in the diagnosis of penicillin allergy. A long term follow-up study.

Sera from 204 patients with acute or former reactions following penicillin treatment were investigated by RAST with specificity for benzylpenicilloyl and phenoxymethyl-penicilloyl. The IgE antibody levels were followed up for of more than 2 years. Positive results could be observed at the time of the acute reactions and the weeks following; later months or years in many cases. Occasionally negative RAST results occurred within 30 days; on the other hand high levels of specific IgE persisted for years in some patients. Total serum IgE measured by RIST and the RAST results showed similar patterns, with mean levels of 568 u/ml between 0 and 30 days after the penicillin allergic reaction, 286 u/ml between 30 days and 1 year, and 195 u/ml in cases after 1 year corresponded well with the observed decline in specific IgE. Skin tests performed with penicilloyl-polylysine in 118 patients showed an overall correlation of 91-5% with the RAST results. Differences between the two test systems were observed in patients with a long interval between the test and the last allergic attack. None of the patients with proved penicillin allergy had atopic diseases or a history of atopy. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that the determination of both circulating specific IgE and total IgE should be of great value for diagnostic purposes during acute drug reactions and in the months immediately afterwards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Serological investigations in hymenoptera sting allergy: IgE and haemagglutinating antibodies against bee venom in patients with bee sting allergy, bee keepers and non-allergic blood donors.

Specific IgE-antibodies and haemagglutinins to bee venom were determined in fifty-five bee sting allergic patients, fifty-seven bee keepers and fifty-two blood donors without evident allergy to hymenoptera stings. IgE-antibodies were detected by RAST in 70% of allergic patients, 40% of bee keepers and 12% of blood donors. Most bee keepers with detectable IgE-antibodies to bee venom recorded severe local or even general reactions to bee stings. Most blood donors with detectable specific IgE had been stung by hymenoptera in the past. High titres of haemagglutinating antibodies against phospholipase A were found in most bee keepers, occasionally in bee sting allergic patients but only rarely in blood donors. The determination of specific IgE-antibodies to insect venoms by RAST seems to be a valuable method for the diagnosis of hymenoptera sting allergy.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1977

RAST in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to horse allergens. A comparison with clinical history and in vivo tests.

Case history, skin tests and RAST were compared in a group (n = 40) of children with a history suggesting allergy to horses and in a group (n = 43) in whom there was no suspicion of hypersensitivity to horses. There was an agreement of 91% between case history and prick test. The same magnitude of agreement was found between case history and RAST (89%), and the agreement between RAST and prick test was 90%. The results of this investigation are clearly in contrast to earlier earlier reports, in that there was a very good correlation between prick test, RAST and case history. The results suggest that: (a) a proper evaluation of the skin test is of critical importance for the degree of correlation with other diagnostic tests; and (b) RAST is as reliable as carefully performed and evaluated skin tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Predictive value of serum IgE levels during rush hyposensitization.

Thirty children with hay fever were studied with in vivo and in vitro tests during rush hyposensitization with Timothy pollen. Clinical assessment was made with the aid of diaries during one season before, and three seasons after, the start of the immunotherapy. When the serum level of IgE increased more than 10% during the first week of the therapy, symptoms were mostly alleviated during the following seasons. An alleviation was rarely found in children with decreasing or unchanged serum IgE levels. No predictive information as to the clinical effect of the immunotherapy was obtained from skin or provocation tests, nor from Timothy-specific antibodies of the IgG or IgE classes. It is proposed that serum IgE determinations should be performed before, and 1 week after, the start of rush hyposensitization in order to find probable therapeutic failures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The diagnostic value of percutaneus liver biopsy in patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma - a preliminary report.

Since the presence of the pathological liver process definitely changes the approach in determining clinical staging and therapy of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the authors carried out percutaneous liver biopsies in 33 untreated patients with this diseases. The liver biopsies were performed with Menghini's needle and the material was histologically and cytologically examined. Liver involvement was found in 9 (27%) patients. Based on the analyzed biopsies, the authors concluded that percutaneous liver biopsies represent a significant diagnostic approach in clinical staging and therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The authors further compared the bioptical findings with physical examinations, biochemical blood tests and liver scintigraphy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1976

Ultrastructure of the ampullary electroreceptors in lungfish and Brachiopterygii.

Electron microscopy shows that the electroreceptors of Protopterus dolloi (Dipnoi) and Calamoichthys calabaricus (Brachiopterygii) are very similar to the known ampullary electroreceptors of other primitive fish groups. With Protopterus, however, there is one difference: at the apical surface of the receptor cells, instead of a kinocilium, a club-shaped protrusion is found. The club-shaped protrusion has no fixed number nor a fixed arrangement of microtubules (Fig. 4). The presynaptic ribbons are in direct contact with the presynaptic membrane, and may be invaginations of the presynaptic membrane (Fig. 3). The functional significance of the kinocilium and of the club-shaped protrusion is discussed. Furthermore, a possible biological role of the ampullary electroreceptors in fish coming into frequent contact with the water surface (Dipnoi, Brachiopterygii) is considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Serum IgE levels in healthy children quantified by a sandwich technique (PRIST).

Serum IgE was estimated in 226 healthy children aged 0-14 years without obvious atropic disease in their first degree relatives. A paper disc radioimmunoassay technique (PRIST) was used. A number of criteria for selection of cases were established. This led to the exclusion of forty-two potentially atopic children. The remaining group of 184 children is considered representative of normal children and may therefore be used for reference purposes. The IgE levels were found to be lower than in previous investigations, and this is attributed to the refined technique and the method of selection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

IgE antibodies to house dust, mite, animal allergens and moulds in house dust hypersensitivity.

Fifty-three patients were investigated by intradermal tests and Phadebas RAST and, in most cases, the serum IgE level was determined. They were tested for sensitivity to house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat, dog, horse and mould allergens. All cases with IgE antibodies to house dust were found to have specific IgE to other tested allergens as well. Eighty-nine per cent of the patients being RAST positive for house dust were also positive for D. pteronyssinus and in the majority of those cases IgE antibodies to other allergens were detected. The results reaffirm previous findings that the mite is not the only allergen in house dust and that extract of house dust is a mixture of several allergenic substances, which make it less suitable for differential testing. It is concluded that serum IgE determination is of value as a screening procedure in the diagnosis and that the use of a number of specific allergens in RAST is valuable in pinpointing the offending allergen in house dust hypersensitivity.

Allergens↗
PubMed1976

Who responds to sugar pills?

Among 288 cancer patients undergoing controlled trials of oral analgesics there were 112 who received 50% or greater pain relief from placebo formulations. Patients who responded to placebo had a greater response rate to active drugs. They also had a higher incidence of central nervous system side effects to placebo. Patient groups showing as increased placebo response included those with a high level of education, farmers, those with a professional occupation, women working outside the home, and patients who were widowed, separated, or divorced. Those resistant to placebo were patients with a low educational level, unskilled workers, housewives, married women without children, and smokers. It is theorized that placebo response is a type of autohypnosis phenomenon resulting from exaggerated oral-dependency needs. Particularly vulnerable to placebo effect is the very self-sufficient individual with heavy responsibilities who is thrust into the unaccustomed dependency of disabling illness.

Aged↗