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Biomedical subjects

A Ross

Publications and source records attributed to A Ross.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The social context of delinquent conduct.

Findings from two studies are presented on degree of group involvement in delinquency among young people. The first study indicates that among boys, although there is wide variation in the degree to which particular types of offence are committed alone or in the company of others, there is no general category of offence that is predominantly solitary. Moreover we could identify no individuals who always offended alone. The second study compared adolescent boys and girls and indicated that girls are if anything even more likely than boys to commit any offences in the company of others. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the role of the group context in delinquency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The management of severe preeclampsia with intravenous magnesium sulphate, hydralazine and central venous catheterization.

A prospective study of patients with severe preeclampsia managed by magnesium sulphate infusion for eclampsia prophylaxis, hydralazine infusion for vasodilatation and central venous catheterization for fluid monitoring is reported. In this preliminary report of 46 patients, there was no episode of eclampsia following treatment, no maternal death, and hypertension was well controlled in all patients. Of the 51 babies born, there were 7 stillbirths, and 4 neonatal deaths; 6 of the 7 stillbirths were less than 30 weeks' gestation, and 23 of the 46 patients were delivered by Caesarean section.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of the surface labelling characteristics of human spermatozoa and the interaction with anti-sperm antibodies.

Washed ejaculated human spermatozoa were surface labelled with 125I, using solid phase (iodogen) or enzymic (lactoperoxidase) methods, while membrane components possessing terminal galactose or galactosamine residues were labelled with the galactose oxidase-sodium [3H]borohydride technique. All three procedures revealed the presence of 2 major labelled surface components. The first comprised a broad band of radioactivity migrating just behind the ion front on SDS-PAGE, which could be extracted with chloroform and methanol, suggesting a lipid-like composition. The second fraction exhibited properties consistent with a major glycoprotein component of the human sperm plasma membrane, giving a peak of radioactivity with Mr = 20,000, within which a discrete doublet of bands (Mr = 17,000 and 19,000) could be resolved by autoradiography. A more detailed analysis of the labelled protein fraction after TCA precipitation revealed a number of other surface components, the major ones of which exhibited Mr values of 30,000, 45,000, 66,000, 115,000 and 160,000. Western blot analysis was then used to determine whether any of the surface components described above interacted with the gamma-globulin fraction of antisera obtained from patients exhibiting idiopathic autoimmunity against sperm antigens. Using a purified membrane preparation as the target, antibodies were detected against numerous high molecular weight bands with Mr values similar to the major components of the human sperm surface (35,000, 45,000, 66,000, 90,000 and 150,000). The nature of the antigens targeted by these antisera did not correlate with the ability of the latter to stimulate or suppress sperm-oocyte fusion.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1987

Implications for management in integrated health systems.

Leadership formulas cannot be tacked to an office wall for use. Leadership encompasses artistry and is a fluctuating, high tech, high touch activity. It must operate with fluidity and flexibility. Leaders must translate ethical issues in day-by-day operations by knowing the difference between right and wrong. The lines between the two are not always clear, but it is essential for the leader to clarify the issues in order for the team to function with the best interest of both the patient and the organization in mind. Executives operating within complex organizational structures need to focus carefully on these ethical and value systems, and it is the responsibility of educators to prepare students to understand these value issues. Once value systems are understood, it is easier to deal with organizational confrontation and control issues. The health system is changing, and educators and practitioners are also changing. A prescription for success includes a strong element of self-assessment that links personal and professional behavior to leadership. Leadership is the awareness of how one can positively affect the organization's change process and is the means that the individual uses to determine its direction and course. Leaders simply work harder at doing what they do best and by so doing, motivate others as well to achieve high levels of success and performance. If there is one characteristic that contributes most to the development of a leader both on campus and off, it is the commitment to a lifelong process of learning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed1986

Clinical linguistic and auditory milestone scale: prediction of cognition in infancy.

At each well-child examination between birth and two years, parents of 448 infants were questioned about their child's age at attainment of 25 linguistic and auditory milestones. Parental reports were compared with the results of independently administered Bayley Mental Developmental Index (MDI) at one year of age. Parental recall of information was high, ranging from 70 to 99 per cent for 21 of the 25 milestones. The milestone performance of infants with normal MDI scores showed an orderly, sequential progression of expressive and receptive language. Across the entire population studied, the correlation between milestone attainment and MDI was statistically significant for 24 of the 25 milestones, and later attainment of milestones correlated with lower MDI. As a group, 'delayed' infants (MDI less than 68) attained milestones significantly later than 'average' infants (MDI 85 to 116) for 20 of 25 items. Attention to linguistic and auditory milestones early in infancy can contribute to the early detection and diagnosis of mental retardation and disorders of communication.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1986

14C triolein breath test: a routine test in the gastroenterology clinic?

The absorption of 14C triolein in a standard fat meal was measured in 60 controls and 66 patients with gastrointestinal disorders by 14CO2 breath sampling. A reference range based upon cumulative eight hour values of the controls was independent of height, weight, and sex. The range was of log normal distribution and declined with age (p less than 0.05). Acceptable 'within-day' and 'between-day' reproducibility was found. All patients tested with untreated coeliac disease, pancreatic insufficiency and most with symptomatic small intestinal Crohn's disease had subnormal values. Twenty per cent of those with irritable bowel syndrome had subnormal values. Patients with ulcerative colitis were all normal. The reagents used and the breath samples after collection were stable. In our experience the 14C triolein test is simple, inexpensive, and helpful in the detection of diseases associated with fat malabsorption. It is of value in monitoring the response to treatment of individual patients with coeliac disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Age of presentation in developmental disability.

It has not been determined whether severity of handicap or other associated factors are more important in determining the age of presentation for developmental disabilities. The relationship between age at presentation and referral source, presenting complaint, diagnosis, and associated factors (medical illness, motor signs, or behavioral disturbances) was examined in 738 consecutive children referred for developmental evaluation during 1982-1983. The nature of the complaint or diagnosis (motor, language, behavioral, or educational) was a far better predictor of age of presentation than the severity of the disorder. The degree of mental retardation did not affect age of presentation. Behavior problems did not affect the age of presentation for school failure or learning disability, but were associated with later presentation for motor delay, language delay, communication disorder, and within all IQ groups. The association of topography of handicap rather than severity with age of presentation should be considered when establishing or evaluating efforts at early identification of developmental disability.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1986

The prognostic significance of the DNA distribution in squamous-cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix.

To establish the prognostic parameters of DNA distributions of squamous-cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix, cervical smears from 30 patients were examined cytomorphometrically ten years after the diagnosis had been made. Most of the patients had stage II cervical carcinomas that had been treated with primary combined irradiation. In the DNA histograms, the position of the stemline proved to be the prognostically significant factor. All of the patients with diploid or euploid-polyploid stemlines were still alive after ten years while only 17.6% of those with aneuploid stemlines have survived. No correlation between the ten-year survival rate and the proliferation rate of the tumors could be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Expression of the receptor for epidermal growth factor correlates with increased dosage of chromosome 7 in malignant melanoma.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is expressed selectively by human melanoma cells which show the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 7. None of the cells of benign pigmented lesions (nevi) or radial growth phase (nonmetastatic) primary melanoma expressed EGF receptor and none of these cells showed an extra copy of chromosome 7. The results indicate that a single extra dose of a gene (for EGF receptor) may provide a selective advantage to cells in the late stages of tumorigenesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of the 3' region of the sheep elastin gene.

The nucleotide sequences of a 1279-bp sheep elastin cDNA clone, pcSEL1 [Yoon et al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 118, 261-269], and a 1230-bp sheep elastin genomic subclone, pSS1 [Davidson et al. (1984) Biochem. J. 220, 643-652], corresponding to a portion of the cDNA clone, were determined. These analyses permitted determination of the 100 amino acids at the carboxy terminus of sheep tropoelastin. A portion of this sequence showed strong homology to known sequences of pig tropoelastin, but most of the sequence had not been previously determined through protein sequencing. Novel aspects of the tropoelastin molecule which have been revealed by the present analyses are (i) the presence of an unusual sequence, KPPKP, which may contribute to crosslink formation; and (ii) the finding of cysteine within a sequence, CLGKSCGRKRK, at the putative carboxy terminus of tropoelastin. Because of the presence of these sequences, it is speculated that the carboxy-terminal region may be of importance in crosslinking tropoelastin molecules to themselves or to other matrix macromolecules. The nucleotide analyses revealed that sheep elastin mRNA contains a 974-bp untranslated sequence at the 3' end, which appears to be strongly conserved among species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Prediction of recurrence in incompletely excised basal cell carcinoma.

This 5-year prospective study evaluated histologic criteria as predictors of tumor recurrence for the individual with a "positive-margin" basal cell carcinoma. The results demonstrated that 93 percent of patients with greater than 75 percent of their tumor cords containing irregularities in in the peripheral palisade had tumor recurrence, while no patient with less than 25 percent of their tumor cords containing irregularities in the peripheral palisade developed a recurrence in 5 years of follow-up. After statistical analysis for the other histologic variables, the presence of greater than 75 percent irregularities in the peripheral palisade conferred a 39-fold increased risk of tumor recurrence, significant at the p much less than 0.001 level. For the patient in the intermediate group (25 to 75 percent irregularities in the peripheral palisade), the presence of a weak host response (absent to minimal infiltration of small lymphocytes) increased the risk of tumor recurrence fourfold, with this effect being significant at the p less than 0.05 level. The presence of tumor ulceration conferred a 2.8-fold increased risk for tumor recurrence, significant at the p less than 0.01 level, while the presence of squamous differentiation conferred no increased risk. This study may provide a valid basis for predicting tumor recurrence in the individual with a positive-margin basal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Normal gross motor development: the influences of race, sex and socio-economic status.

The ages at attainment of 12 gross motor milestones were obtained prospectively during well-baby visits in the first two years of life for 381 children. All had been born at term and were judged to be normal at one year. A longitudinal analysis, using an index summarizing each child's progress for eight selected milestones, is reported for the 284 children for whom data were complete. A high percentage of parents were able to report the age at attaining milestones with an acceptable degree of variability. The children attained milestones at earlier ages than traditionally reported. There were only minor sex differences in age at attainment, but black children attained milestones earlier than white children.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Cognitive-motor interactions. The relationship of infant gross motor attainment to IQ at 3 years.

The relationship of gross motor development to later cognitive status was assessed by comparing the ages of attainment of four early milestones to later performance on the Stanford Binet. The ages of rolling supine to prone, sitting alone, crawling, and walking were collected in a prospective fashion via parental report for 213 Caucasian children. Stanford Binet IQ was measured at 3 years. Significant but low-order correlations were noted for age of milestone and Stanford Binet IQ. Stratifying the sample by IQ standard deviation groups revealed significant relationships, but this was largely the result of the difference between the extreme groups (117 vs. 85). Children with earlier ages of milestone attainment did not have higher IQs on average. The association of gross motor development and cognition is not strong enough to allow the use of one to predict the other.

Child Development↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasound-guided fetal blood transfusion for severe rhesus isoimmunization.

Four fetuses with severe rhesus isoimmunization were transfused with packed red blood cells directly into the umbilical vein. The outcome was successful in three. In one infant, this ultrasound-guided technique resulted in resolution of severe fetal hydrops at 27 weeks, allowing delivery of a healthy nonhydropic infant at 33 weeks, and in the other three infants in prolongation of the pregnancy. The last four transfusions were performed after fetal neuromuscular blockade with curare. The procedure would appear to be associated with a low risk of complication and to provide an excellent chance of a successful outcome of a fetus with severe rhesus isoimmunization even when fetal hydrops is present.

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine↗
PubMed1984

Chronic factitious illness: recognition and management of deception.

Factitious disease is often manifested in the head and neck region. It is only when the oral and maxillofacial surgeon is aware of the existence of this syndrome and has been unable to correlate a patient's history and signs and symptoms with known diseases that factitious illness may be suspected as the diagnosis. Three case histories that help to demonstrate the variety of ruses used by patients to feign illness are presented. The expertise of a psychiatrist will often help to substantiate the diagnosis, but in many instances the main aspects of treatment will remain in the hands of the original clinician. It is important for clinicians to realize that patients with chronic factitious illness are extremely manipulative and unwilling to admit to their fabrications.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Primitive reflex profile: a quantitation of primitive reflexes in infancy.

This report describes quantitative standardization data on nine primitive reflexes for a cohort of 381 normal infants evaluated longitudinally at each visit between birth and two years of age. Normality was confirmed by the use of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at one year of age. The standardization of this new examination technique complements the traditional infant neurological examination and may allow primitive reflexes to become a useful adjunct to the prediction of motor disability in early infancy.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1984

A study of pregnancy outcomes in a maternity center and a tertiary care hospital.

This study compares 796 pregnancy outcomes at a maternity center (BMC) with 804 hospital (TJUH) pregnancy outcomes. The samples of pregnant women from the participating institutions were matched on sociodemographic characteristics; analysis of outcomes was performed controlling for medical-obstetric risk. Differences between the institutions were found mainly among women with low intrapartum risk. For these women, neonatal morbidity and length of infant nursery stay were lower at BMC than at TJUH. The percentage of infants with one-minute Apgar scores less than 7 or requiring resuscitation at birth was greater at BMC, but the percentage of infants with five-minute Apgar scores less than 7 as well as neonatal mortality rates did not differ between the two institutions. The number of women with intrapartum or postpartum fever was too small to permit comparison. The study results suggest that care delivered at BMC is safe with regard to the evaluative criteria used.

Adolescent↗