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Biomedical subjects

A Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to A Rogers.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Recurrent Crohn's disease in transplanted bowel.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal transplantation is used in patients with short-bowel syndrome after repeated resections for Crohn's disease. We report the apparent clinical recurrence of Crohn's disease in a transplanted intestine. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The patient, a 33-year-old Hispanic woman, underwent small-bowel transplantation in December, 1994. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus, methylprednisolone, bone-marrow infusions, and OKT3 was given. In July, 1995, the patient had recurrent abdominal symptoms. The histological diagnosis of Crohn's disease was established by the independent interpretations of four experienced gastrointestinal histopathologists. INTERPRETATION: The prompt appearance of this autoimmune disorder (within 6 months of transplantation), despite massive immunosuppression may provide important insights into the nature of Crohn's disease and of the recurrence of autoimmune disease during immunosuppression.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Malignancy in Crohn's disease.

The risk for the development of malignancy in Crohn's disease is not as well defined as it is with ulcerative colitis. The risk for the development of small bowel adenocarcinoma is greater in patients with Crohn's disease than in the general population although the magnitude of this increased risk is unclear. Risk factors associated with the development of small bowel carcinoma in Crohn's disease include male sex, duration of disease, associated fistulous disease, and the presence of surgically excluded loops of bowel. Crohn's colitis has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal carcinoma in patients with long-standing colitis, strictures, fistulae, and right-sided colonic disease. Secondary gastrointestinal carcinomas are rare in Crohn's disease. This article reviews the current literature regarding the association of various malignancies in Crohn's disease. Although concentrating on population based and case-control studies, it includes referral center studies as well as case reports.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1995

Laterality of visuo-spatial attention in acute and chronic schizophrenia, major depression and in healthy controls.

Previous studies have suggested that schizophrenia is characterized by an asymmetry of visuo-spatial attention, in particular that acute unmedicated schizophrenics demonstrate relative inattention to right hemispace, whereas chronically medicated patients demonstrate the opposite pattern. In the present study, 30 unmedicated schizophrenic patients, 32 chronically medicated schizophrenic patients, 30 patients suffering from major depression and 60 healthy controls were assessed using two measures of hemispatial attentional neglect, namely letter and star cancellation. The results demonstrated that the chronic schizophrenic group made more total omissions for star cancellation (in both right and left hemispace), but that there was no difference between the groups in terms of omission asymmetry for either letter or star cancellation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Health status and exposure of workers at a pilot brown coal liquefaction plant in Australia, 1985-1991.

In 1985, Brown Coal Liquefaction (Victoria) Pty Ltd (BCLV) commenced operation of a pilot plant that investigated the feasibility of producing oil from brown coal. The plant operated for five years. This study aimed to use exposure and health information routinely collected by the company to characterize various health parameters of the workforce and to investigate whether any adverse health measures were exposure-related. About 1680 persons were employed at some time or other by BCLV, and the primary study population consisted of 408 workers who had a medical examination at the end of employment and who consented to being in an epidemiological study. Reported photosensitivity was associated with higher cumulative skin exposure (RR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.22-2.78), with an exposure-response relationship of increasing risk with increasing skin exposure being suggested. There was no consistent evidence that chemical exposure at BCLV had any negative effect on the haematological, biochemical, endocrine or lung function of workers at the plant. However, the maximum follow-up period of less than eight years limits the ability of the study to detect any emerging chronic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Mass childhood immunization: some ethical doubts for primary health care workers.

The mass childhood immunization programme has traditionally been viewed as a safe and effective preventative measure by health promoters, primary health care professionals and governments. This consensus has meant that immunization has rarely been viewed as ethically problematic. A number of recent changes in the context of the delivery of health care, particularly the emphasis on consumerism and the effect of the marketization of services, makes timely an examination of ethical, social and political issues. This article examines four main grounds for problematizing the mass childhood immunization programme. These are: clinical research evidence about the safety and efficacy of vaccines; the masking of wider social and political determinants of ill health; the contradictory strictures about collective and individual rights in relation to immunization; and the uniqueness of childhood immunization as a physical intrusion into a healthy body. The implications of these ethical issues are discussed in relation to informed consent and the need for a 'greenfield' review that includes the views of dissenting parents, lawyers and moral philosophers, as well as health professionals.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Occupational and environmental mesotheliomas due to crocidolite mining activities in Wittenoom, Western Australia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to review existing cases, calculate rates, and predict future numbers of occupational and environmental mesotheliomas from Wittenoom. METHODS: On the basis of information contained in occupational and environmental histories, Wittenoom cases were extracted from national records collected since 1979. Occupational and residential population estimates were obtained from company and government records. The proportional latency method was used to predict the numbers of mesotheliomas prior to and after the data collection phase. Airborne fiber monitoring was used to calculate risk due to current levels of contamination in the mine and town environments. RESULTS: During 1979-1994, Wittenoom cases (N = 176) comprised approximately 6% of the mesothelioma cases recorded in Australia. Of these 122 were employed directly in the mining and milling activities, another 18 were involved in the transport of raw fiber or tailings, and 34 were town residents or visitors. Due to past exposures, additional occupational (N = 301) and environmental (N = 83) cases can be expected. Dependent on residential time, existing levels of contamination may result in a risk of between < 1 to 57 per million of the population. CONCLUSIONS: Latency effects will result in considerable numbers of mesotheliomas appearing over the next 10-20 years in Wittenoom. The cessation of mining activities and major clean up of the town will result in reduced mesothelioma cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

An open trial of venlafaxine in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Stimulant medications are the most widely accepted treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in spite of controversy over their use. Stimulants have consistently been shown to potentiate noradrenergic brain transmission, a property also characteristic of the recently marketed antidepressant venlafaxine. Eighteen adults who met the Utah Criteria for ADHD in adults were enrolled in an open trial of venlafaxine. Progress was monitored with a recently refined rating scale designed to measure change in adult patients with ADHD. Among the 11 patients who could tolerate the medication, 8 showed a good response that was well maintained. They responded to dosages of 50 to 150 mg/day, with an average dose of 96 mg. Seven of the 18 had difficulty tolerating venlafaxine's side effects. These data suggest that controlled trials should be conducted with venlafaxine for ADHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Luria-Delbrück fluctuation experiments: design and analysis.

Luria and Delbrück, in a seminal paper, introduced fluctuation analysis primarily as a means to elucidate the timing of mutation in relation to the imposition of selective conditions. Their work, and subsequently that of LEA and COULSON, established also a basis for measuring the frequency of mutational events. The several estimators proposed by these authors differ both in complexity and in efficiency, and the published literature relies mainly on the less efficient but computationally trivial estimators. The estimators as originally proposed assume that all mutants occurring in culture will be counted in the subsequent assay, but a relaxation of this assumption suggests an alternative experimental design and alternative estimators which offer advantages over those currently in common use.

Biometry↗