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Biomedical subjects

A Roessner

Publications and source records attributed to A Roessner.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Biological characterization of human bone tumors. IV. Combined biochemical and histological analyses of different osteosarcomas.

A new technique was applied to the study of human osteosarcoma. Ten slices of 10 micron were cut serially from 2 X 2 X 6 mm shock frozen blocks of human osteosarcoma for chemical analysis. Before and after each series of 10 slices, one slice of 10 micron was separated for morphological analysis. Four different types of osteosarcoma were investigated: Case 1 was an atypical osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma, case 3 a well-differentiated parosteal osteosarcoma grade I, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities were analysed as well as matrix collagen and hexosamine, phosphorus (Pi and Po), protein, DNA, and water content. In accordance with the morphology, the obtained data illustrate the great heterogeneity of osteosarcomas. Although case 1, 2 and 3 all represent calcifying types of the tumor, characteristic differences exist with regard to the matrix and the degree of calcification. In contrast to these three, case 4 presents a noncalcified type of osteosarcoma whose matrix contains relatively high amounts of hexosamine and low amounts of collagen, whereas DNA and water contents are high. The data from the analysis of osteosarcoma were compared with previous results from the calf epiphyseal growth plate in order to define differences and similarities between the formation of tumor bone and the physiological formation of hard tissue.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Biological characterization of human bone tumors. V. Zonal characterization of osteosarcoma: topological biochemical analysis correlated with morphology.

Human osteosarcoma specimens were sliced in a cryomicrotome under strict morphological guidance. Serial sections of ten 10 micron slices each were collected in two groups according to morphologic criteria, one containing mostly undifferentiated tumor tissue, the other predominantly well-differentiated tumor tissue. The two series were analysed chemically for alkaline phosphatase (APase) acid phosphatase (acPase), beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities; protein, phosphorus, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, water and collagen contents were also determined. Four different types of osteosarcoma were studied: case 1 was a highly malignant osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma case 3 a well-differentiated osteosarcoma, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. The types of cases 1, 2 and 3 are known as osteoid-forming tumors. In their less well differentiated areas APase activity was about twice as high as in better differentiated osteosarcoma. In contrast, no APase was found in the wholly undifferentiated areas of case 4, while the enzyme showed a marked increase in the areas of incipient differentiation of this tumor. The matrix of tumors differs with regard to collagen and hexosamine contents, in accordance with the general state of differentiation. In general, increasing hexosamine contents together with decreasing hydroxyproline contents will reflect the anaplastic, dedifferentiated osteosarcoma. Calcification evident in the better differentiated areas of osteosarcoma is indicated by the phosphorus content, highest in case 2, with cases 3, 1, and 4 following in sequential order.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Differential pattern of DNA-aneuploidy in human malignancies.

The differential pattern of DNA-aneuploidy, detected by flow cytometry (FCM) regarding its frequency, grade and multiclonality, was investigated and correlated to tumor type, malignancy grade, tumor stage and prognosis in a multi-institutional study at the University of Münster. High resolution measurements using admixed normal blood reference cells were undertaken in 2413 cases of 13 different malignant diseases and in 776 benign lesions or samples. The incidence of DNA-aneuploidy was highest in melanomas, carcinomas, testicular tumors, sarcomas (75%-95%) and myelomas (65%). Acute leukemias showed an intermediate DNA-aneuploidy rate of 40% with special subgroups represented by common ALL (44%), p less than 0.05) and myelomonocytic/monocytic AML (47%, p less than 0.01). The lowest DNA-aneuploidy-rate was found in basal cell skin carcinomas (19%) and congenital melanocytic nevi (9%). No case of DNA-aneuploidy was observed in the 776 benign lesions or samples.--DNA-indices giving the grade of DNA-aneuploidy with 1.0 for normal diploid G1/0 cells were found distributed predominantly between 1.0 and 2.0 in the solid tumors, except testicular tumors, clustering around a triploid maximum at 1.5. DNA-indices of myelomas and acute leukemias generally ranged below 1.25 with lower DNA-aneuploidy grades in AML than in ALL (p less than 0.01).--In melanomas the aneuploidy rate was higher (86%) in metastases than in the primary tumors (54%, p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Microphotometric quantitation of enzyme activities in giant cell tumor of bone. A case study.

In a proliferating giant cell tumor of bone the activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (acPase) and of NADH-tetrazolium reductase were demonstrated by enzyme histochemical methods. Quantitative microphotometry made it possible to determine the relative enzyme activities per given volume unit in the cytoplasm of giant cells of several sizes. The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increases with increasing cell size, whereas the activity of tetrazolium reductase will decrease in proportion. This coincidence of high acPase activity and low tetrazolium reductase activity in larger giant cells is interpreted as an expression of degenerative change.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

[Reparative giant-cell granuloma of the extremities].

Giant-cell reparative granulomas are observed not infrequently in the mandible as sharply demarcated osteolytic lesions. On the other hand, these tumour-like lesions occurring in short tubular bones are rarely reported in the literature and, so far, only 27 cases have been described. We have records of five cases in the Westphalian Bone Tumour Register. The actual occurrence is probably greater if one assumes that the lesion is caused by an intra-osseous bleeding. This pathogenic mechanism is supported by histological evidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The submicroscopic structure of a chondroblastic osteogenic sarcoma.

Two patients are reported with a chondroid form of osteosarcoma, whose structure was also analyzed submicroscopically. The clinical and radiologic picture and the rapid lethal progress of the disease indicated an osteosarcoma, while both histologic and electron-microscopic investigation suggested the prevalence of malignant chondroid. Progress in the treatment of osteosarcoma makes it essential for diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic reasons to reintroduce subclassification of these tumors in an attempt to correlate their morphological picture with their biologic properties. According to our experience to date, it seems that the cartilaginous component in no way ameliorates the rapid malignant penetration of the osteosarcoma. It is essential to distinguish these tumors from the usually much less malignant chondrosarcomas and to place the chondroblastic osteogenic sarcoma among in spite of the clear predominance of the malignant chondroid, and thus also introduce highly radical and combined therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Biologic characterization of human bone tumors. III. Giant cell tumor of bone. A combined electron microscopical, histochemical, and autoradiographical study.

The cytogenesis of giant cell tumors of bone was studied in 6 cases by combined electron microscopical, histochemical and autoradiographical investigations. Electron microscopy identified two different types of mononuclear stromal cells: fibroblast-like cells with spindly shape and numerous membranes of the granular ER occur together with macrophages bearing many large lysosomes and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Enzyme histochemical results reflect the same diversity: One portion of mononuclear cells exhibits strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity, known as a marker for cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, while the other, fibroblast-like cell type is ANAE negative. Tumor giant cells contain numerous membranes of granular ER, mitochondria, and a few isolated lysosomes. They lack the typical brush border of osteoclasts. Moderate to strong ANAE activity of these giant cells reflects their belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. Consequently, the giant cell tumor of bone consists of two different cell types, i.e. fibroblast-like cells and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and so is appraised as a fibrohistiocytic tumor. A new inference from our autoradiographic findings is that tritiated thymidine is incorporated only by mononuclear cells, but not by giant cells. Electron microscopical autoradiography demonstrated that among the mononuclear cells, only fibroblasts are found to proliferate, but not macrophages. Thus, the giant cell tumor of bone is seen as a neoplasm of fibroblastic cells with a strong reactive infiltration of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

[Cytogenesis and histogenesis of malignant and semimalignant bone tumors].

Our present knowledge about bone tumors is still in need of a convincing cytohistogenetic concept that would support the adequate differentiation and classification of different tumor types. The modern therapeutic approach must rely on subtle diagnostis using preferably cyto- and histomorphologic criteria. The present study depends on a considerable number of malignant and semimalignant bone tumors which were analysed by several modern investigative methods. Based on these results, we intend to find the answers to some problems of cytogenesis and histogenesis of bone tumors. Comparison and correlation of our findings with the results of other authors is attempted with the objective to propose an overall histogenetic concept of bone tumors in consideration of the known data and hypotheses. Our material comprises 85 malignant and semimalignant bone tumors. The following tumor types are discussed on the basis of cases from our collection (numbers in brackets): "Conventional" highly malignant osteosarcoma (32), parosteal and periosteal osteosarcoma (2), telangiectatic osteosarcoma (2), small cell osteosarcoma (1), small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma (2), histiocytic osteosarcoma (1), Ewing's sarcoma (15), "conventional" chondrosarcoma (7), dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (2), mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (1), giant cell tumor (12), malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone (5), fibrosarcoma of bone (3), The results of conventional light and electron microscopy, but also of enzyme histochemistry and autoradiography were included in the definitive classification by both histologic and cytologic criteria. In addition, different collagen types present in the ground substance of these tumors were studied by immunofluorescence microscopy; in anaplastic tumors of high malignancy the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton were further subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The concept resulting from these studies may be briefly summarized as follows: The stem cell of conventional, highly malignant osteosarcoma is a stromal cell of the skeletal system, which is undergoing neoplastic transformation. At first this cell fails to show any sign of collagen synthesis, the activity of alkaline phosphatase is not increased. Of a primarily anaplastic nature, this tumor cell may differentiate in several directions: in osteoblastic differentiation, the cell will produce predominantly collagen type I, and alkaline phosphatase activity will increase. During fibroblastic differentiation we observe an increased synthesis of collagen type III, but alkaline phosphatase activity is not raised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1984

New cytomorphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors: possibilities and limitations.

The value of new morphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors is demonstrated in a number of cases. In round cell malignancies (Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and anaplastic plasmacytoma) diagnostic accuracy can be improved by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. New methods are also of value in differentiating the metastatic carcinoma from malignant bone primaries. Electron microscopy may show epithelial cell features (ie, gland structures, desmosomes, and tonofilaments), while immunohistologic investigation of the cytoskeleton may facilitate differentiation of epithelial cells (positive for prekeratin) from mesenchymal cells (positive for vimentin). In the differential diagnosis of typical bone tumors, however, such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the value of enzyme histochemical, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical methods appears somewhat restricted: alkaline phosphatase activity may be increased in both chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma; collagen type II, the cartilage-specific collagen, is found not only in chondrosarcoma but in osteosarcoma as well. Moreover, osteosarcomas may contain a considerable number of macrophages and histiocytes, and so this feature is worthless in distinguishing osteosarcoma from malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A new approach for appraising the malignancy of bone tumors may be through flow cytometric investigation of nuclear DNA content. Osteosarcomas reveal DNA aneuploidies in more than 80% of cases, with a large proportion of cells in the S phase. These features may prove valuable for discerning osteosarcoma from myositis ossificans. In contrast to typical giant cell tumor of bone, a rare case of malignant giant cell tumor showed aneuploid cell lines indicating the malignant nature of the tumor.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Homologous genes for X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata in man and mouse.

X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata is a human gene defect characterized by punctate foci of epiphyseal calcification, cataracts, ichthyosis, and systematized atrophoderma. In a comparative study, the murine X-linked mutant 'bare patches' was found to display strikingly similar skeletal, ocular, and cutaneous anomalies. The human as well as the murine phenotypes occur exclusively in the female sex, apparently because the underlying mutations are lethal for male embryos. In both traits, the cutaneous lesions are arranged in a linear and blotchy pattern reflecting lyonization. The observed similarities constitute strong evidence that the two genes are homologous. The proposed homology is a further example of the evolutionary conservatism of the X-chromosome in mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Biologic characterization of human bone tumors. II. Distribution of different collagen types in osteosarcoma--a combined histologic, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic study.

Sixteen cases of typical highly malignant osteosarcoma were investigated by light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the presence of collagen types I-III. It was shown that, in light-microscopically anaplastic areas of the tumor, collagen type III predominates, while only very few membranes of collagen type I are observed. Ultrastructurally, the cells are characterized by numerous free ribosomes in their cytoplasm and only a few membranes of granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In osteoblastic areas, collagen type I is increased, while type-III collagen is decreased. The cytoplasm of cells contains markedly more granular ER. An increasing mineralization of matrix is observed. In fibroblastic areas of the tumors, collagen types I and III are codistributed. Tumor cells have a fibroblast appearance with elongated nuclei and well developed granular ER. The chondroblastic areas, characterized by immature neoplastic cartilage, contain varying amounts of collagen type II. Chondroblast-like tumor cells have typical ring-shaped membranes of granular ER in their cytoplasm. The evidence of different collagen types in osteosarcomas lends additional support to the concept that a pluripotent mesenchymal cell is the stem cell of osteosarcomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Closure of osteochondral lesions using chondral fragments and fibrin adhesive.

In 75 knee joints of 46 adult rabbits osteochondral defects of 4 mm diameter were placed by a drill reaching the cancellous bone. Twenty-three defects were left untreated, or closed by collagen foam or fibrin adhesive, or a combination of both. Fifty-two defects were closed with very small autologous cartilage fragments and a special fibrin adhesive. The adhesive differed from commercially supplied types by digested alpha chain of fibrinogen for increase in concentration, and by the addition of alpha-2-macroglobulin as protease-inhibitor. In most cases small pieces of collagen foam were added for hemostasis. In the first group of 23 joints observed over up to 40 weeks, no hyaline cartilage was found histologically in any of the defects. In the second group a rapid proliferation of chondrocytes appeared with development of hyaline cartilage with alcianblue-positive matrix. It resembled juvenile cartilage in its histologic appearance and with regard to the induction of ossification. The phenomenon is interpreted as a "second adolescence" of the adult cartilage induced by the rich nutritional and oxygen supply from the cancellous vessels, which resembles the environmental conditions before the forming of subchondral cortical bone at the end of the growth period. This method enabled us to achieve a complete closure of defects by hyaline cartilage on the very level of the surrounding articular surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Combined ultrastructural, histochemical, and autoradiographic study of osteosarcoma after preoperative chemotherapy according to the COSS 80 protocol.

Twelve osteosarcomas treated according to the COSS 80 protocol (preoperative chemotherapy, resection) were studied by light and electron microscopic, histochemical, and autoradiographic methods. Evidence of regressive and necrotic changes was found in many tumor cells, but the alterations were unspecific. Viable tumor cells of high malignancy were also observed regularly, often at the S phase. As the tumor regression continued, a strong reaction of the mononuclear phagocyte system was manifested by the presence of macrophages and giant cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Biologic characterization of human bone tumors. I. Ewing's sarcoma. A comparative electron and immunofluorescence microscopic study.

Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma were investigated by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. A layer of basement membrane-like deposits was found between typical principal and secondary tumor cells. To clarify the nature of these ultrastructural deposits, antibodies against collagen type IV were applied to frozen sections of corresponding tumor tissue. This reaction revealed type IV collagen as a regular component of basement membranes in nonneoplastic tumor capillaries, but it was equally able to localize collagen type IV between single tumor cells in capillary-free areas. With the same method, factor-VIII-associated protein, predominantly found in endothelial cells, could be demonstrated in some tumor cells. These results demonstrate that, in addition to anaplastic cells, some tumor cells are found in Ewing's sarcoma that share certain differentiating features with the endothelial cell.

Adolescent↗