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Biomedical subjects

A Roessner

Publications and source records attributed to A Roessner.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with primary osseous manifestation, from the files of the Bone Tumor Registry of Westphalia].

30 cases of non-Hodgkin-lymphoma with primary bone manifestation were selected from the files of the Bone Tumor Registry of Westfalia from 1975 until 1992. Clinical data and radiologic aspects were evaluated. 60% of the lesions were localized within the long bones (femur 10, humerus 6, tibia 2). The lymphomas were classified based on paraffin-embedded material in combination with immunohistochemical findings according to the updated Kiel-classification. 29 B-cell lymphomas and one T-cell lymphoma of medium-sized pleomorphic type were found. 5 B-cell lymphomas were of low and 23 of high malignancy. Almost 50% of the tumors were of centroblastic type. The Kiel-classification was not applicable for one lymphoma, 3 others could not be subclassified because of shrinking artefacts. Prognosis in patients with localized disease (9 cases) was favorable, whereas only 25% of patients with generalized disease (12/cases) survived for 3 years or longer.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Distribution patterns of apolipoproteins A1, A2, and B in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels.

Atherosclerotic vessels were analysed histochemically for distribution, quantity, and composition of apolipoprotein (Apo) types in the vascular wall. The specimens comprised all stages of atherosclerosis, from very discrete intimal changes to complicated lesions. The vessel specimens were marked with antibodies against human Apo A1, A2, and B. Apo A1 can be demonstrated in even the earliest stage of atherosclerosis, and increases with the progression of the disease. In the initial stage, Apo A1 is found first in lumen-adjacent layers of the intima, and is evident in deeper layers of the wall as the disease progresses. Arteries of muscular type show accumulation of Apo in an earlier stage (or in greater quantity at the same stage) than arteries of elastic type. At all stages, the amount of Apo A1 always exceeds that of A2 and B. In the intima, Apo B is higher than Apo A2, the media contains hardly any Apo B, and the adventitia has less B than A2. Within the intimal layer, Apo A1 and A2 are found in an intracellular (mainly in foam cells) or in an extracellular location, according to the stage of atherosclerosis. Apo B is almost exclusively extracellular; only cases of advanced atherosclerosis show some intracellular localization (mostly in foam cells), visualized as electron dense lamellar organelles, probably of lysosomal origin. In the media, Apo A1 and A2 are accumulated in intracellular deposits, whereas the extracellular storage of Apo A1, A2 and B is observed only in cases with the most severe damage. Our investigations suggest that the accumulation of apolipoproteins in the vascular wall is affected not only by insudation from the plasma, but also by neosynthesis and/or metabolism by locally derived cells or cells immigrating in the process of atherosclerosis. The presence of Apo A1 and A2 in the vessel wall is now documented, and their role at this site apparently differs from that in the plasma.

Aorta↗
PubMed1991

Histogenesis of clear cell chondrosarcoma. An immunohistochemical study with osteonectin, a non-collagenous structure protein.

The histogenesis of clear cell chondrosarcoma is still unclear: Apart from typical clear cell tumor areas, extensive production of woven bone formation suggests within the clear cell cartilagenous stroma is an intriguing phenomenon. Three cases of clear cell chondrosarcoma documented in the Bone Tumor Registry of Westphalia were examined for their patterns of osteonectin expression, and compared with other bone tumors of either osseous or cartilaginous origin, and with normal cartilage tissue. Found predominantly in osseous structures, the protein osteonectin takes part in the formation of new bone. The three clear cell chondrosarcomas showed a strong immunoexpression of osteonectin in clear cell, chondroid and in osseous tumor areas. Similarly, evidence of osteonectin was also found in osteoblastic and in chondroblastic osteosarcomas as well as in osteoblastomas. In contrast, osteonectin could not be demonstrated in the chondrosarcomas and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas from our registry that were analysed for comparison, and was found only minimally in the fibroblastic areas of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. The chondroblastic tumor components were always negative. There was no immunoexpression of osteonectin either in fetal or adult intervertebral disc tissue. The present immunohistochemical study of osteonectin has distinctly separated clear cell chondrosarcoma from the other variants of chondrosarcoma, and aptly verified the specificity of this entity. Moreover, the study would call for further histogenetic evaluation of clear cell chondrosarcoma, since the pattern of osteonectin expression in that tumor seems to indicate an osteogenic rather than a chondrogenic origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Case report 669: Osteonecrosis of bone associated with intraarterial therapy using cisplatin.

A case is presented of an 18-year-old women who suffered pain and swelling after intraarterial cisplatin chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the left fibula. Radiological studies showed minimal changes at the metadiaphyseal portion of the left tibia. Bone scans and MR studies were highly suggestive of necrosis of bone and muscle of the proximal end of the tibia. Multiple biopsies of the tibia at the time of excision and 2 years later showed histological features consistent with a slowly healing osteonecrosis of bone. Review of the literature reported transient pain and swelling after intraarterial chemotherapy but did not demonstrate the association with necrosis of bone and muscle. It can be anticipated that as intraarterial chemotherapy of malignant tumors of bone and soft tissues becomes more widely used, these complications will be observed more frequently.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Joint occurrence of collagen mRNA containing cells and macrophages in human atherosclerotic vessels.

Cells with enhanced levels of collagen type I and III mRNA were identified and localized in frozen tissue sections from samples of human atherosclerotic renal and common iliac arteries by in situ hybridization using complementary 35S-labeled RNA probes. Serial sections were immunohistochemically stained for smooth muscle cells, monocytes, and differentiated macrophages. In the fibromuscular intima and in the fibrous plaques, cells with enhanced transcriptional activity were located mainly in the vicinity of differentiated macrophages. In three patients, lack of enhanced transcriptional activity in a proliferated intima was connected with complete absence of macrophages, thus indicating a quiescent stage of atherosclerosis. Immunohistochemical staining of serial sections for smooth muscle cells (SMC) revealed the presence of this cell type throughout the proliferated intima in atherosclerotic arteries including those areas in which enhanced collagen mRNAs were detected. The present results support the idea that macrophages play an important role in the activation of collagen synthesis in SMC of atherosclerotic vessel walls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical double labeling of macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and apolipoprotein E in the atherosclerotic plaque.

To find out which cell types in the atherosclerotic plaque are actively involved in apolipoprotein-secretion, we stained tissue samples from the ascending aorta of patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. We used monoclonal antibodies against macrophages, smooth muscle cells and apolipoprotein E. The present in situ-study of the atherosclerotic plaque has shown that apolipoprotein synthesis is predominantly secreted by macrophages transformed into foam cells. Besides this, there are obviously some smooth muscle cells equally transformed to foam cells, which also carry apolipoprotein E in their cytoplasm. Our data suggest that both cell types in the atherosclerotic plaque are actively involved in apolipoprotein secretion.

Apolipoproteins E↗
PubMed1991

Apolipoproteins and immunohistological differentiation of cells in the arterial wall of kidneys in transplant arteriopathy. Morphological parallels with atherosclerosis.

22 nephrectomy specimens of renal allografts in chronic rejection after periods between 3 and 96 months, were studied immunohistologically. Various cell types in the arterial wall were characterized with antibodies specific against different cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, against smooth muscle cells, and against differentiating lymphoid cells. In addition, the metabolism of lipoproteins was investigated using appropriate antibodies against several apolipoproteins. Subendothelial plaques of foam cells were found to consist of macrophages in foamy transformation. At the stage of intimal fibrosis the smooth muscle cells are more prominent. Lymphatic infiltration consists almost exclusively of T-lymphocytes. Apolipoprotein analysis reveals deposits of Apo A1, A2 and B1, most of them extracellular. According to these results, it is not only immunologic factors that are involved in arterial wall reactions during chronic transplant arteriopathy, but disorders of the lipoprotein metabolism--probably due to endothelial dysfunction--are also playing an important role like in atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Juvenile intracortical adamantinoma of the tibia with predominant osteofibrous dysplasia-like features.

In view of the still disputed relationship between adult adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia in children, a unique case of adamantinoma, indicating a direct relationship between the two lesions, is presented with a review of the literature. The patient was a six-year-old boy who complained of pain and swelling in the left lower leg. Roentgenographs showed a loculate osteolysis surrounded by sclerosis within the cortex of the tibial shaft that would be typical of osteofibrous dysplasia. Although an osteofibrous-dysplastic component predominated histologically, some small islands of epithelial cells were scattered throughout the lesion. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells of these epithelial islands gave a constant positive reaction for cytokeratin as well as vimentin, while the stromal cells in the osteofibrous dysplasia-like lesion were positive for vimentin only. This type of lesion is recorded in the Bone Tumor Registry of Westphalia at a rate of 8.3% for osteofibrous dysplasia, and of 25% for adamantinoma. A review of the literature, yielding reports with remarkable uniformity on 14 cases beyond the present one, suggests the existence of a separate clinicopathologic entity to be called juvenile intracortical adamantinoma with predominant osteofibrous dysplasia-like features, and which might be a regressing form of adamantinoma specific in childhood.

Ameloblastoma↗
PubMed1991

Parosteal osteosarcoma. 2-23-year follow-up of 33 patients.

In a study of the working group for bone tumors of the German Orthopedic Society, 33 patients with a histologically confirmed parosteal osteosarcoma at reexamination underwent clinical and radiographic follow-up. Local recurrence occurred in all the cases after intralesional surgery and in 4 of 8 cases after marginal excision. The grade of differentiation was decisive for the prognosis. Despite intralesional surgery, the prognosis for Grade 1 tumors was good. Metastases developed in 1 of 23 patients with a Grade 1 tumor and in 4 of 9 patients with a Grade 2 tumor. The single patient with a Grade 3 tumor was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and was free of disease after 5 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The impact of osteonectin for differential diagnosis of bone tumors. An immunohistochemical approach.

75 osteosarcoma at various grades of histologic differentiation, including chondroblastic and small cell variants, and 5 fibrosarcomas of bone, 5 Ewing's sarcomas, 5 malignant fibrous histiocytomas of bone, 8 chondrosarcomas, and 2 dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, were investigated immunohistochemically for evidence of osteonectin. According to the results of our study, osteonectin is present in all osteosarcomas, with special topographic preponderance in the osteoblastic and chondroblastic variants. Evidence of osteonectin was also found in all other bone tumors we had analysed so far. In chondrosarcomas, positive reactions appeared only in the vicinity of trabeculae and in dedifferentiated areas. Thus, osteonectin cannot be regarded as a bone-specific protein. Although a high affinity for the osseous matrix is one of its undoubted features, it is therefore unsuitable for differential diagnostic purposes.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Localization of cytoplasmic collagen mRNA in human aortic coarctation: mRNA enhancement in high blood pressure-induced intimal and medial thickening.

Enhanced synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix components, including collagen, contribute significantly to arteriosclerotic changes in the arterial vessel wall. We localized cells actively synthesizing collagen by hybridizing 35S-labeled RNA probes complementary to type I and III collagen mRNA with cytoplasmic mRNA in frozen sections of surgically removed aortic coarctations. These were chosen as a model for comparing mRNA levels in areas of high blood pressure-induced wall thickening and in unaffected post-stenotic areas. In situ hybridization revealed increased expression of type I and III collagen mRNA in intimal cells and in cells adjacent to the medial-adventitial border in the pre-stenotic part of the coarctation. In contrast, cells of the post-stenotic area showed only a very low signal. No immunohistologically detectable macrophages were seen in the pre-stenotic subendothelial areas where mRNA levels were enhanced. Higher collagen mRNA levels therefore occur in particular regions of high blood pressure-induced arterial wall thickening in the absence of macrophages. The results suggest that in situ hybridization is suitable for detection of locally occurring transcriptional activation of cells for collagens in the vessel wall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Proliferation kinetics of bone tumors.

We investigated bone tumors of various grades of malignancy as well as tumor-like lesions with regard to proliferation kinetic parameters immunohistologically, autoradiographically, and flow cytophotometrically. Good correlation of the established tumor kinetic parameters with the prognostic expectations of the tumor entities was found. Apart from this, possibilities concerning the differential diagnostic analysis of the proliferation rate in a given tumor and its possible grading as well as the possible practical impact of these modern methods on pre- and/or post-therapeutic monitoring of patients are demonstrated.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1989

The proliferation behavior of bone tumors investigated with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67.

Specimens of several tumor entities at various grades of malignancy were selected from the Bone Tumor Registry of Westphalia for an immunohistological study of their proliferation behavior. Using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 directed against a nuclear antigen present in all active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, and M), we were able to demonstrate the growth fractions in tissues with an atypical rate of proliferation, implying an increased risk of malignant transformation. In the 97 cases examined we found a good correlation of the biological proliferation behavior with the expression of the nuclear antigen Ki-67. Moreover, our immunohistological results are comparable with the data from the same tumor entities obtained by other methods such as flow cytometry and autoradiography. Thus the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 provides an excellent marker for labeling the growth fraction in a human tissue. Its practical impact lies in the differential diagnostic analysis of the proliferation rate in a given tumor and its possible grading, and in pre- or posttherapeutic monitoring of patients and the establishment of a prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of bone tumors.

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed in a total of 203 bone tumors, benign and malignant. In more than 80% of cases the material studied was paraffin-embedded tumor tissue, mainly from the archives of the Bone Tumor Registry of Westphalia in Münster. Compared with ethanol-fixed fresh tumor samples, the variation coefficient in DNA histograms of the stored material was increased by a factor of 1.2-1.5, which means that resolution was decreased and that, in many cases, accurate cell cycle analysis was not feasible. However, the results of cell cycle analysis in bone tumors, even if performed on optimally fixed specimens, have to be evaluated with caution and full reference to the corresponding histological slides, since these histograms are apt to show various superpositions from the inflammatory infiltrate. The assessment of DNA ploidy is unimpaired if, in agreement with most researchers today, deviations smaller than +/- 10% from the diploid standard are still defined as DNA diploid, peridiploid, or pseudodiploid. The coefficient of variation should be kept as low as possible. If it is between 10% and 15%, the near-diploid stemlines with DNA indices of 0.9 or 1.1 may be hard to delineate. On account of the particularly marked regressive changes, the resolution of DNA histograms was most strongly impaired in chondromatous tumors, whereas it was mostly excellent in highly cellular viable tumor tissue, such as that from Ewing's sarcoma or osteoblastoma. On the whole, there was a distinct correlation between DNA ploidy and the biological behavior of bone tumors (Table 8). The highest rates of DNA aneuploidy were found in highly malignant OSs (18/21) and FSs (14/16), thus reflecting their poor prognosis. Of six juxtacortical OSs, three well-differentiated parosteal OSs and two periosteal OSs were DNA diploid, whereas one highly malignant surface OS and five highly malignant extraskeletal OSs, all DNA aneuploid, corresponded fully to the medullary OSs. Judging by preliminary results, adjuvant preoperative chemotherapy (COSS 80/82: Bösing et al. 1987) may reduce the rate of DNA aneuploidy and, consequently, of stem cell heterogeneity in general. A selective destruction of those stemlines that respond particularly to chemotherapy appears probable. In contrast to their high malignancy, Ewing's sarcomas showed an unexpectedly low proportion of DNA aneuploid stemlines (14/24). The comparatively favorable prognosis of MFH of bone is reflected in a lower rate of aneuploidies (2/10), which is also rather low (probably too low) when compared to our own data from soft tissue MFH (9/19).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical investigation of chordomas: histogenetic and differential diagnostic aspects.

Chordomas are rare tumors of neuroectodermal origin and often show a very heterogeneous histological picture. In a combined histochemical and immunohistochemical study of 32 chordomas collected in the Bone Tumor Registry of Westphalia we were able to show that the immunoreactivity of the cells in both chordoma and notochordal structures are in close relationship with the extracellular matrix and depends more on the metabolic activity of these cells than on the origin of the cells of the neuroectoderm. All tumor cells show a bimodal immunoreaction with cytokeratin and vimentin, as well as a strong immunoreaction with the oncofetal markers CEA and AFP. The differentiation of chordomas from other malignant tumors, mainly the myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma, may cause major difficulties, especially if only a little biopsy material is available. Here we can see that in tumors with bimodal immunoexpression of vimentin and cytokeratin, as can be found in chordomas, the further use of antibodies offers a reliable differential diagnostic tool. The positive reaction of chordomas with all epithelial tumor markers offers a clear differentiation from chondrosarcomas, which, unlike chordomas, do not express cytokeratin. The identification of a marker profile by employing common antisera is of major value in the differentiation of chordoma from other epithelial or mesenchymal tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The cytogenesis of macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells in bone tumors with special emphasis on the so-called fibrohistiocytic tumors.

Recent investigations have suggested that osteoclasts and osteoblasts belong to different cell systems: osteoclasts originate from hemopoietic stem cells, most probably via precursors of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Osteoblasts, however, arise from local mesenchyme. The present classification of bone tumors issued by the WHO, however, is still based on the assumption of osteoclasts and osteoblasts being merely different manifestations or differentiations of the same basic cell type. Consequently, histiocytes or macrophages as well as osteoclast-like giant cells are interpreted in most bone tumors as an autochthonous component of the tumor. In the present study, this theory is contradicted by histological immunohistological, electron microscopic, and autoradiographic-electron microscopic results on a larger number of osteosarcomas, chondromas, chondrosarcomas, chondroblastomas, aneurysmal bone cysts, giant cell tumors of bone, malignant fibrous histiocytomas, fibrosarcomas, desmoplastic fibromas, Ewing's sarcomas, fibrous dysplasias, nonossifying fibromas, and malignant hemangioenkdotheliomas of bone. In order to elucidate the role of macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells, different monoclonal antibodies were applied to bone tumor specimens as markers of mononuclear macrophages and giant cells. The concept of what is called fibrohistiocytic tumors should be reconsidered. Immunohistological studies have shown that in malignant fibrous histiocytoma as well as in giant cell tumors of bone only a certain portion of macrophages will react with the highly specific antibodies, whereas the majority of tumor cells are negative. This finding alone suggests that the infiltration of macrophages is a reactive phenomenon. It is in agreement with earlier autoradiographic and electron microscopic investigations on giant cell tumors of bone, confirming that only the fibroblast-like tumors are actually proliferating. These data were verified in the present study with the aid of double labeling immunohistological techniques, using antibodies against mature tissue macrophages and others against a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen. Only the fibroblast-like cells, which do not react with the macrophage-specific antibody, will express the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen. Analogous results were obtained in malignant fibrous histiocytoma. We may infer from these results that the majority of these tumors must be neoplasms of local mesenchyme, mostly in fibroblastic differentiation, while the considerable number of macrophages is seen as a reactive phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Two-stage therapy in the treatment of sacral tumors.

Sacral tumors are rare and may be clinically overlooked for a long period, because the symptoms and signs are often mild and non-specific. This led to frequent errors in clinical diagnosis and a long delay between the onset of symptoms and treatment. On presentation the lesions frequently expanded the anterior cortex, however, in most patients the periosteum of the sacrum and the presacral fascia form an unbroken barrier for a tumor. The pelvic viscera are not infiltrated by the tumor until late. Wide excision is difficult and often causes urogenital and/or anorectal dysfunction, but preserving the sacral nerve roots often leads to local recurrence. Surgical wide excision with a combined anterior-posterior approach is considered the treatment of choice for large lesions with significant anterior intrapelvic extension. This paper reports data resulting from the treatment of five large sacral tumors with comments on the results.

Adult↗