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Biomedical subjects

A Roche

Publications and source records attributed to A Roche.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Linear order of new and established DNA markers around the fragile site at Xq27.3.

We have used recombinant clones derived from microdissection of the fragile X region to characterize breakpoints around the fragile site at Xq27.3. So far, no microdissection markers derived from Xq28 material have been found, thus allowing a rapid screening for clones surrounding the fragile site by their presence in a somatic cell hybrid containing Xq27.2-Xqter. A total of 43 new DNA markers from Xq27 have been sublocalized within this chromosome band. Of these new DNA markers, 5 lie in an interval defined as containing the fragile X region. The saturation of Xq27 with DNA markers by microdissection demonstrates the power of this technique and provides the resources for generating a complete physical map of the region.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

[Interventional radiology in oncology].

Oncology represents a very wide field of applications in interventional radiology. Procedures are diagnostic as well as therapeutic; approaches may be endovascular (either arterial or venous), endocanalar, or transcutaneous; guidance may need X-ray, sonographic, CT scan or endoscopic control. Such a diversity in methods makes clinical and technical training especially long. Main indications of endoarterial approaches are: pain, bleeding, abnormal secretion (endocrine tumors and paraneoplastic syndrome), abnormal function (kidney, spleen), preoperative devascularization of tumors, redistribution of arterial flows before intra arterial chemotherapy, chemoembolizations. Venous pathology is known to be particularly frequent in oncology. Current indications are inferior vena cava filter placement, angioplasty and stenting in case of superior vena cava syndrome, local fibrinolysis, foreign bodies extraction. Drainages, stenosis dilations and stent placements are daily procedures in urinary and biliary tracts in order to treat obstructions, sepsis or fistulas. Transcutaneous approaches under radiological guidance allow biopsies, drainage of deep collections, antalgic nerve infiltrations, gastrostomy. Nowadays, interventional radiology can be considered as a requisite weapon for a correct cancerous patient management, since it is useful from the initial diagnostic biopsy to the palliative care of cancer complications.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of symptomatic cystic metastases from ovarian carcinoma. Work in progress.

Two patients with symptomatic cystic metastases from ovarian epithelial carcinoma underwent ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous aspiration and temporary injection of 99% ethanol into the cyst. In the first case, the patient initially underwent surgical resection of the mass and received systemic chemotherapy, but the cyst recurred 2 months later. Percutaneous aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy were performed twice in the second case; fluid reaccumulated 2 months after the initial procedure. No side effects occurred. During the follow-up period (8 months in the first case and 4 months in the second), no clinical recurrence of the initial symptoms was noted. At the end of that period, a recurrent but asymptomatic cystic lesion was revealed at US examination in the first case. In the second case, a minimal asymptomatic residual collection was depicted with computed tomography. The results indicate that this technique should be considered in patients with symptomatic cystic metastases from ovarian carcinoma and may have potential benefit in the palliative treatment of such lesions.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

Genotype prediction in the fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X positive, mentally retarded males have been shown to have an insertion or amplification of DNA sequences at, or close to, the site of expression of the fragile site. We show here the application of the detection of such changes to the diagnosis of affected males and female carriers and the identification of normal transmitting males. One fragile X negative male with the clinical features of the Martin-Bell syndrome also possesses an inserted/amplified DNA sequence. The implications of these results for screening for the fragile X syndrome are discussed.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

Preoperative segmental localization of hepatic metastases: utility of three-dimensional CT during arterial portography.

To evaluate the accuracy of a fast three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique in determining the segmental location of hepatic metastases, 14 patients (40 metastases) were prospectively investigated before surgery with dynamic two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography during sequential arterial portography (CTAP). All patients underwent subsequent hepatic tumor resection within 4 days. After computer-generated mapping of hepatic venous structures with high attenuation and metastases with low attenuation, 3D reconstruction was performed. Thirty-six of the 40 lesions (90%) were detected with 2D and 3D CTAP. The accuracy in determining the segmental location of hepatic metastases was 78% (28 of the 36 metastases) for 2D CTAP and 94% (34 of the 36 metastases) for 3D CTAP. The difference in localization rates between 2D CTAP and 3D CTAP was statistically significant. The 3D CTAP technique provides vital data unattainable with other imaging modalities that improve the preoperative assessment of the resectability of hepatic metastases and allows planning a safer surgical approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lipid composition of teat canal keratin collected before and after milking from Holstein and Jersey cows.

In three experiments, keratin was collected from individual teats of 40 Holstein and 20 Jersey cows immediately before and after milking. In Experiments 1 and 2, keratin collected from teats of 20 Holstein cows before milking was compared with keratin collected after milking. In Experiment 3, keratin was collected from two teats of 20 Jersey and 20 Holstein cows before milking and compared to the other two teats of the same cows after milking. All three experiments yielded similar results. In Holsteins, keratin weight before milking was 1.6 times greater than keratin weight after milking (3.1 vs. 1.9 mg). In Jerseys, only small amounts of keratin were removed during milking (3.5 mg before vs. 3.1 mg after) In Holsteins and Jerseys, neutral lipid concentration was 1.6 times greater after milking than before, suggesting that when keratin was removed during milking, only moderate amounts of lipid were removed. In Holsteins, total lipid collected per teat was similar before or after milking (59.2 vs. 48.5 micrograms). Results demonstrate that keratin collected after milking had a different lipid composition than keratin collected before milking.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Does the Leveen valve still have a place in the treatment of refractory ascites? An evaluation of 107 cases].

One hundred and seven patients have been treated by the peritoneovenous shunt (PVS) : 54 patients from 1979 to 1984 (P1) and 53 patients from 1985 to 1990 (P2). The mean age was 58 years (25-79 years) and 73 % of the patients had a cirrhosis of alcoholic origin. The mortalities at two weeks and one month were 22 % and 26 % for P1 and 6 % and 11 % for P2. The risk of operation was related to the importance of hepatic and kidney insufficiency and to the importance of hyponatremia. Long term outcome depended on the causal illness. At short term, the morbidity can be reduced and the PVS should be indicated earlier in the progression of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of portosystemic shunts].

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 3 patients with stenotic portosystemic shunt (one splenorenal, one mesocaval, and one arterialized splenoportal shunt). In the first two cases, the procedure was successful, followed immediately by widening of the shunt and a decrease of the splenorenal and mesocaval pressure gradient. Shunt patency was confirmed at long term as the patients showed no evidence of esophageal varices or recurrent variceal bleeding. In the third case, results were disappointing as thrombosis of the shunt occurred at the end of the procedure. Nevertheless, we conclude that percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should be the first intention procedure for treating stenosis of portosystemic shunts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Primary carcinoid tumor of the seminal vesicles: CT and MR findings.

A case of primary carcinoid tumor of the seminal vesicles is presented. To our knowledge, this case documented by CT and MRI is unique in that it is the first described in this location. The tumor appears homogeneous and intensely enhanced after IV on CT, and hypointense on MRI on both T1- and T2-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, the tumor is heterogeneous.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1991

[Unresectable hepatic adenomas. Management by selective hepatic artery embolization].

Four patients with unresectable hepatic adenoma underwent selective hepatic artery embolization. Non-operability was related to the size and the situation of the tumor, and the clinical background. The only subsequent postembolization syndrome was one case of acute renal failure, reversible after diuretic treatment. In 3 cases the decrease in tumoral size was delayed and appeared six months after the first embolization, allowing surgical resection in 2 cases. Because of lack of tumoral devascularization and presence of residual nodules on the resected specimen, this technique is not a satisfactory alternative to surgery, at least with the employed technique. However, preoperative selective hepatic artery embolization can play an important role in the management of hepatic adenomas as it may permit safer surgical resection.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, peliosis hepatis, and perisinusoidal fibrosis. Association with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and severe hypoxemia.

Three different liver lesions were found in a 20-year-old woman with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The lesions included nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and peliosis hepatis. It is suggested that the association of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with this broad spectrum of liver lesions was not fortuitous.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A randomized trial of hepatic arterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

A randomized trial of hepatic arterial chemoembolization was conducted in 42 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. These patients represented 41% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma seen during the inclusion period. In the remaining 59%, 9% had resectable tumours and 50% had unresectable tumours with contraindication for chemoembolization. Patients received either repeated chemoembolization with gelfoam powder and doxorubicin (group 1) or symptomatic treatment (group 2). There was no difference in age, prevalence of cirrhosis or staging according to Okuda between the two groups of patients. A complete tumour response (assessed by arteriography, ultrasonography and serum alphafetoprotein) was observed in four patients, and a partial response in three other patients from group 1. Actuarial survival rates were 33 and 24% in group 1 and 52 and 31% in group 2 at 6 and 12 months, respectively (differences were not significant--logrank test). With the treatment used in our study, chemoembolization did not prolong the survival time of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. There were, however, some complete or partial responses. The high spontaneous 1-year survival rate of untreated patients was probably due to the exclusion of the most severely ill patients. Our results do not support the use of this method of chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Extrahepatic metabolism of morphine occurs in humans.

The pharmacokinetics of morphine was studied in six patients in whom a radiologic localization of an insulinoma was to be performed under general anesthesia. Sampling was done in the peripheral artery, the mesenteric vein in five of the six patients, the hepatic vein, and the peripheral vein, as well as in urine. Hepatic blood flow was estimated by an indocyanine green infusion technique at the end of the radiologic procedure. Morphine terminal half-life was 92 +/- 9 minutes, total body clearance was 1260 ml.min-1, and the hepatic extraction ratio was 0.65 +/- 0.11. No concentration gradient was observed between the artery and the superior mesenteric vein, showing that no gut wall metabolism of morphine occurred. The total body clearance exceeded the hepatic clearance by 38%. It was concluded that the extrahepatic extraintestinal clearance of morphine probably occurred through the kidney.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of cardiac output by the thermodilution method during left thoracotomy in the lateral position in the dog.

The validity of cardiac output measurement by thermodilution in the lateral position during thoracotomy was assessed. Three balloon thermodilution Swan-Ganz catheters were placed in the pulmonary artery trunk and the right and left pulmonary arteries in 12 mongrel dogs, after left thoracotomy had been performed. Cardiac output was measured simultaneously from two of the three sites. The cardiac output measurements show no significant difference related to the location of the catheter extremities: the mean cardiac index was found to be 2.164 +/- 0.448 l/min/m2 from the pulmonary artery trunk, 2.127 +/- 0.404 l/min/m2 from the left branch and 2.116 +/- 0.421 l/min/m2 from the right branch. It is concluded that the measurement of cardiac output during left thoracotomy is valid, whether the thermistor is situated in the pulmonary artery trunk or in a main branch to either the dependent or non-dependent lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Iatrogenic ligation of the common bile duct. Diagnostic value of percutaneous insertion of an angioplasty balloon catheter].

The authors report a case of surgical ligation of the common bile duct and discuss the retrograde and transhepatic cholangiographic features. The stenosis was more extensive than suggested by the cause of the obstruction. The transhepatic insertion of a balloon catheter demonstrated the ligature by showing a zone of concentric constriction. The ligature was unable to be ruptured by means of an angioplasty catheter, which would nevertheless appear to be a dangerous technique.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1989

Value of venous catheterization and calcitonin studies in the treatment and management of clinically inapparent medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Seventeen patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) underwent venous catheterization (VC) for sampling and serum calcitonin (CT) assay. The VC was performed either after an initial treatment in order to detect cervical recurrences and metastases (16 patients) or to prove abnormal CT thyroid secretion before any treatment (one patient). In 16 of the 32 tumoral localizations suspected by VC (50%), a tumoral focus was proven. For selective/peripheral CT gradient value superior to 2.50, 12 localizations of 12 (100%) were proven and for CT gradient value between 1.50 and 2.50, four localizations of 15 (26.6%) were proven. In six patients with exclusive cervical MTC secreting sites, treatment induced a total remission in two cases (12%) and improved in four cases (23%). The authors conclude that VC has a real value to localize MTC secreting sites. A total remission or an improvement can be obtained after treatment when VC detects exclusive cervical tumors.

Adolescent↗