Public health services in Bosnia.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
A Robertson
Publications and source records attributed to A Robertson.
Staff nurses' work satisfaction in psychogeriatric wards.
This paper begins by reviewing the small number of studies of staff nurses' work satisfaction. Subsequently, an examination is made of the differences in work satisfaction between staff nurses and other grades of nursing staff in psychogeriatric wards in National Health Service hospitals in Scotland. These data are part of a larger study into work satisfaction and the quality of care in these settings. Significant differences in satisfaction at work are identified between the staff nurse group and the other grades taken as a whole. Analysis of the components of job satisfaction suggests that these differences arise from: first, the experience of the work itself; second, the quality of the supervision which takes place; and third, the assessment of hospital policies, such as the transfer of staff to other wards.
Adult↗
Does the wearing of sampling pumps affect exposure?
There is a possibility that wearing traditional sampling pumps could affect worker behaviour and undermine the validity of occupational hygiene exposure measurement. Sampling pumps are bulky and can be noisy, and if these characteristics alter work patterns sufficiently exposures may be modified. This paper describes a carefully controlled pilot study designed to test the hypothesis that the wearing of personal sampling pumps may affect workers' exposure. Comparisons were made using pump-based systems and diffusive samplers to measure organic vapours. Diffusive samplers were chosen as controls because they are much less bulky and therefore less likely to affect behaviour. A carefully constructed sampling strategy, involving measurements on between 13 and 20 workers on 6 working days, was used at five sites. On alternate days both sampling methods were used, side-by-side, on the workers and on the remaining days only diffusive samplers were worn. The sites chosen had minimal day-to-day variation in environmental conditions. The results showed that at one site the concentrations were approximately 50% higher on the days when pumps were worn compared with other days. At the remaining sites no significant differences were found. From the characteristics of the work at the site where differences were observed it is suggested that pumps may affect measured concentrations when people have flexible work patterns and spend part of their time seated and/or the work is in quiet areas.
Bias↗
Nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene region of Helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus: placement of the virus in lepidopteran nuclear polyhedrosis virus group II.
The polyhedrin gene (polh) of Helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) was identified and shown by sequence analysis of the EcoRI I genomic fragment to encode a 246 amino acid polypeptide that has greater than 80% sequence identity to known polyhedrins. It is preceded by an AT-rich region containing the conserved late promoter motif TAAG, which was identified as a transcription start point. Downstream of polh there were several similarities in genome arrangement to other nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs). These include open reading frame (ORF) 8, immediately downstream of polh, encoding a 412 amino acid protein with multiple tandem proline residues, which is homologous to ORF8 (ORF1629) of Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid NPV. Phylogenetic analysis of the polh gene region shows that HzSNPV is a member of the previously described lepidopteran NPV group II and that it is most closely related to polh of the NPVs of Malacosoma nuestria, Spodoptera littoralis, Orgyia pseudotsugata (single nucleocapsid-type virus) and Buzura supressaria.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The health needs of gay men: a discussion of the literature and implications for nursing.
Although there is a general dearth of nursing literature on health issues specific to gay (homosexual) men, the literature reviewed shows that gay men have particular concerns related to anti-homosexual feelings anticipated and experienced from health professionals. The effects of homophobia in wider society may cause high levels of emotional distress in some gay men, which is associated with a higher incidence of substance misuse, parasuicide, bipolar psychiatric disorders and depression. Gay men also have specific needs with regard to general medical problems, including hepatitis, HIV infection and some other sexually transmitted diseases. Gay men may also present to health services for a wide range of general medical, surgical and mental health problems. Some specific health needs are discussed: general health, sexual health and bereavement counselling. These issues may affect individuals differently through various stages in the lifespan, and nurses should be cognizant of them during their assessment of client needs. Minimum counselling skills, together with appropriate training about gay issues, are required if nurses are to deal effectively with clients' needs.
Adolescent↗
New health promotion movement: a critical examination.
In the last decade, a revolution has been occurring in the field of health promotion. Guided to a large extent by position papers disseminated by the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Health Promotion Office, and furthered by the Ottawa Charter, the Epp Report in Canada, the Healthy Cities project, as well as by other efforts, this new health promotion movement has introduced new ideas, new language, and new concepts about what constitutes health and how health promotion efforts should be configured to achieve health. Punctuated by the terms like empowerment and community participation, this movement has generated a whole new discourse about the theory and practice of health promotion. This paper explores the multiple meanings that surround these terms, and the implications for practice, by addressing questions like: What does health mean in this new context? What is empowerment? What does participation look like? Has the tyranny of the professional been replaced by the tyranny of the community? Has anything changed about the practice of health promotion other than the language? Finally, it is argued that an acknowledgment of the multidimensionality of these concepts may facilitate their translation from rhetoric into health promotion practice.
Canada↗
The neuropathy of elderly mice.
The aim of this study was to define morphological and neurophysiological features of an age-related neuropathy in mice and to explore possible underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Teased-fibre analysis of sciatic nerves in aged animals demonstrated a high incidence of demyelination. Electron microscopic analysis of sciatic nerve also revealed axonal atrophy. Both forms of pathology preferentially effect large myelinated fibres. The morphological evidence suggests that demyelination may have resulted from two processes; a primary event and a late consequence of axonal shrinkage. A high-affinity ouabain-binding form of (Na+,K+)ATPase was found in both mice sciatic nerve and spinal roots. A progressive and ultimately severe reduction of enzyme concentration with age was demonstrated in sciatic nerve and dorsal root. Since no change with age was seen in fast (anterograde or retrograde) axoplasmic flow, reduced peripheral nerve (Na+,K+)ATPase is not due to impaired enzyme translocation. Motor nerve conduction velocity decreased significantly with age, while minimum F-wave latency and somatosensory evoked potential latency increased. Impaired conduction velocities in aged animals may be attributed to the interaction of many factors including demyelination, remyelination, a disproportionate loss of large myelinated fibres, axonal atrophy, nerve regeneration and reduced peripheral nerve (Na+,K+)ATPase. It is concluded that the neuropathy in senescent mice is not species specific and is less severe, even in long-lived mice species, compared with that seen in the rat.
Aging↗
Measuring the quality of care in psychogeriatric wards.
This paper discusses the way in which quality of care has been measured and in particular draws attention to the vagueness of concepts such as autonomy, individuality and dignity. In our research we have put forward a number of indicators for the quality of care received by patients and, in addition, we have constructed a method by which they can be measured, through the use of standardized observation schedules. This paper therefore describes our indicators and the data collection process followed. This aspect of our work is part of a larger study into work satisfaction and quality of care in psychogeriatric wards in Scotland. Ultimately, the data will allow us to identify factors affecting high and low levels of job satisfaction as well as factors influencing good and bad quality of care. Further, we will be able to examine any association between work satisfaction and the quality of care delivered to patients. The results of this research are due to be published shortly.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Quality of platelet concentrates irradiated with UVB light: effect of UV dose and dose rate on glycocalicin release and correlation with other markers of the platelet storage lesion.
The amount of membrane-associated glycoprotein Ib in platelet concentrates (PCs) irradiated with a high dose of UVB light has been shown to be significantly reduced after 48 h storage. We recently corroborated this finding when we noted an increase in the supernatant levels of glycocalicin (GC, a major segment of glycoprotein Ib) in UVB-treated PCs during storage. The aim of the present study was to determine whether GC release was related to both the UV dose and the rate of dose delivery. Plateletpheresis concentrates obtained from five donors were pooled and split into five equal parts. Four of these were treated with 7500 and 15,000 mJ/cm2 UVB using two prototype UV sources with differing rates of dose delivery; namely, Baxter (BAT) and British Aerospace (BAC) cabinets, with the latter having the slower rate of delivery. On days 1 and 5 of storage, GC levels in the supernatants of PCs were determined by ELISA. Moreover, the following parameters were also assessed: platelet and WBC count; hypotonic shock response (HSR) and platelet aggregation response to ADP, ADP+collagen, ADP+arachidonic acid and ristocetin; pH; supernatant levels of lactate, glucose, von Willebrand factor (vWf) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG). The results revealed an association of GC release with UVB dose using both UV sources, although this was more apparent in the BAC system, in which glycocalicin release at day 5 of storage was as follows (microgram/ml, mean +/- SD): 4.8 +/- 0.3 and 9.5 +/- 3.6 at 7500 and 15,000 mJ/cm2 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Blood Platelets↗
Effect of melanin, oxyhemoglobin and bilirubin on transcutaneous bilirubinometry.
To determine the effect of skin pigments on transcutaneous bilirubinometer readings, we measured the effect of bilirubin, melanin, and oxyhemoglobin solutions on transcutaneous bilirubinometer readings in vitro. Our results showed that the variability of the readings in vitro was related to the instrument's non-linear response to bilirubin and melanin concentration and an inaccurate oxyhemoglobin correction factor. These factors should be considered in developing a more accurate non-invasive method of monitoring serum bilirubin concentration.
Bilirubin↗
Synergistic prolongation of renal allograft survival with cyclosporine and rapamycin.
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Animals↗
Preparing school personnel to address HIV infection.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Is mammographic microcalcification of biological significance?
Mammographic microcalcification is a feature of a proportion of breast cancers. Its occurrence does not appear to be significantly associated with age or primary tumour size. Lymph node involvement by tumour is present in 50% of patients with mammographic microcalcification in relation to the primary tumour, but only 24% of patients without microcalcification. A significantly larger number of lymph nodes (61 of 241 nodes) are involved with tumour in patients with, in comparison to those without (59 of 476 nodes) microcalcification (P < 0.001, chi 2 test). These differences suggest a biologically significant role for the deposition of calcium in microcalcifications, which may relate to the process of tumour cell metastasis. This may be of importance in the assessment of patients with cancers which demonstrate microcalcification on mammography.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Children with AIDS--can we afford to treat them?
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
The role of growth factors in the regulation of proliferation of tracheobronchial epithelium.
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Animals↗
The route of lysine breakdown in Candida tropicalis.
Candida tropicalis was found to contain high levels of the following enzymes after growth in defined medium on L-lysine as sole nitrogen source: L-lysine N6-acetyltransferase, N6-acetyl-lysine aminotransferase, and aminotransferase activity for 5-aminovalerate and 4-aminobutyrate. Extracts were also capable of converting 5-acetamidovalerate (and 4-acetamidobutyrate) to acetate. N6-Acetyllysine however, only gave rise to acetate in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate, NAD+ and thiamine pyrophosphate. These activities were undetectable or present in much lower concentrations in cells that had been grown on ammonium sulphate as sole nitrogen source. It is concluded that L-lysine is degraded in this organism via N6-acetyllysine, 5-acetamidovalerate and 5-aminovalerate, both nitrogen atoms being removed by transamination.
Acetates↗
Long-term treatment of ventricular tachycardia with amiodarone in presence of severe left ventricular dysfunction.
A group of 34 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (n = 29) or dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 5) (3 women, 31 men, age 38-80 yr) who had severely impaired left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 40%) and high-grade ventricular ectopic activity (sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation) were treated with amiodarone (mean dose: 206 mg/d) and followed for 1-117 (mean: 49) months. In the total group, there were seven sudden deaths, five deaths due to pump failure, one non-cardiac death, and two successful heart transplantations during follow-up. Thus the annual cardiac mortality in these carefully selected and followed patients was 8, 6%, the annual cardiac event rate was 10, 1%. The cumulative cardiac survival-rate was 62% after 5 years and 41% after 10 years. In five patients, treatment was interrupted after 10 to 43 months, three of the patients were alive at follow-up and two suffered cardiac death, resulting in an annual cardiac death rate of 12% in this subgroup of treatment. Based on the results of this retrospective analysis we conclude that in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction and nonsustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia treated with low dose amiodarone, mortality was unexpectedly low. Thus, it may be the antiarrhythmic treatment to be considered in patients with ventricular tachycardia and severe left ventricular dysfunction.
Adult↗