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Biomedical subjects

A Rivkind

Publications and source records attributed to A Rivkind.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Hepatitis B virus infection associated with hematopoietic tumors.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and replication have been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Bone marrow-derived cells, as well as mesenchymal and epithelial cells, were recently shown to support HBV replication. We hypothesize that the mechanism that links HBV infection and liver tumors might also promote tumor development in tissues permissive for HBV replication. Between 1980 and 1993 we retrospectively identified 22 patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and had extra-hepatic malignancies. These patients had 25 tumors, of which 22 were bone marrow derived. HBsAg was detected by immunohistochemistry in bone marrow cells of leukemia patient and of 3 of 10 lymphoma patients. In addition, in 4 of 10 patients with lymphoma, including 2 patients in which HBsAg stained bone marrow cells, HBsAg was also detected in the endothelial cells of blood vessels of the tumor tissue. These results suggest that the identification of an HBV gene product in endothelial cells might point to a role of HBV infection in the development of certain hematopoietic tumors, possibly through activation of cytokines or growth factors, which may eventually lead to bone marrow cell proliferation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Subtotal colectomy with primary ileocolonic anastomosis for obstructing carcinoma of the left colon: valid option for elderly high risk patients.

During a period of 4 years, 20 patients with obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were treated by subtotal colectomy with primary ileocolonic anastomosis. Thirteen patients (65%) were 65 years of age or older. All patients presented to the emergency room with large bowel obstruction. Twelve patients (age > 65) suffered other systemic diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, morbid obesity), placing them in a high risk category. The mortality rate was 5% (1/20), 7.6% if only high risk patients are considered. The one-stage procedure in the treatment of obstructing carcinoma of the left colon offers the patient a number of advantages over stage intervention elimination of colostomy, namely removal of occult lesions in the resected colon, shorter hospitalization and low morbidity and mortality. We found this procedure to be a valid option also in the elderly (> 65) high risk patient. Metastatic disease in our view is not a contraindication, since the elimination of colostomy will improve the quality of life of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Case report: the management of penetrating cardiac trauma with major coronary artery injury--is cardiopulmonary bypass essential?

Major coronary artery injury in penetrating cardiac trauma is relatively uncommon and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, for a variety of reasons, the outcome for such patients has been improving during the last two decades. The main factor responsible for this change is, according to some authors, the use of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We present a case of complete transection of the LAD coronary artery managed by primary ligation of the vessel, but because of progressive signs of extensive myocardial infarction, the patient underwent emergency CPB and an aortocoronary bypass graft. The patient experienced a good cardiac recovery but died 5 days later of irreversible anoxic brain damage. In reviewing the literature concerning the absolute need for emergency CPB in the management of penetrating coronary artery injury (PCAI), we found that the overall outcome for patients treated with emergency CPB was not significantly better than for those treated with ligation alone. We believe that CPB is not always essential in the management of PCAI and should be instituted only when the injury to a main coronary artery is very proximal, whenever associated intracardiac injuries exist, or when the patient develops extensive myocardial infarction or uncontrolled arrhythmias following ligation of the injured coronary vessel.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Penetrating neck injuries].

The frequency of penetrating neck injuries has increased in recent years. In 16 patients with such injuries treated during the past 2 years, neck exploration was performed immediately. In 4 there was destruction of the throat or trachea, in 3 a tear in the esophagus, in 1 a tear in the hypopharynx and in 1 a tear in the submandibular region penetrating the floor of the mouth. In 8 there was no damage to the neck organs. Of the 16, 1 died on the operating table from hemorrhage from multiple tears of the hypopharynx, the esophagus and the thyroid gland. 2 different approaches are used in dealing with penetrating neck injuries: immediate exploration, or the use of imaging methods to diagnose the degree of damage, followed by close supervision. In the light of our experience we advocate immediate neck exploration.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

A novel approach to military combat trauma education.

A heterogeneous group of 77 physicians on compulsory or reserve military service were exposed to a 5-day course in trauma management, specifically designed for military medical personnel. Cognitive knowledge of trauma care delivery of the medical officers was assessed by means of multiple-choice written tests, which were held before and upon completion of the course. The significantly improved (p less than 0.0001) scores of the post-course test demonstrate the value of a condensed trauma educational program. Analysis of the background variants (i.e., medical education, military, and residency training, and time since graduation) revealed that the relatively short but intensive course sufficed to surmount the difficulties inherent in instructing a student body composed of individuals with dissimilar professional experience. We advocate the institution of a compact course in trauma treatment, with the specific aim of enhancing the medical officer's knowledge in this critical field of medical care.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical pulmonary embolectomy and thrombolytic therapy].

Acute, massive pulmonary embolism is life-threatening and must be treated immediately. Since the early 1970's when thrombolytic therapy was shown to hasten resolution of pulmonary emboli, there has been a debate in the literature as to new indications for surgical pulmonary embolectomy. Some authors believed that there are no longer any indications for embolectomy, while others justify surgery for certain indications. Although the debate is still on, this operation is very rarely performed today. We present a patient who developed massive pulmonary embolism, with continuing extreme hemodynamic and respiratory disturbances despite full thrombolytic treatment. Embolectomy was successfully performed.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Prospective evaluation of combined high-frequency ventilation in post-traumatic patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome refractory to optimized conventional ventilatory management.

This study explores the value of combined high-frequency ventilation (CHFV) in a prospective clinical trial of 35 patients suffering from severe post-traumatic and/or septic adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were refractory to conventional controlled mechanical ventilatory (CMV) support. The severity of ARDS was quantified by lung mechanics and gas exchange variables and the patients were classified on clinical grounds as well as on the basis of their respiratory index/pulmonary shunt relationship [RI/(Qsp/Qt)]. During the same time period as the CHFV study, data from these patients were compared to those from 88 ARDS patients who had quantitatively similar degrees of respiratory insufficiency, but who were treated only with controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV). The use of CHFV in the 35 CMV refractory patients resulted in an increase in expired tidal volume (VTE) by reducing the CMV inspired tidal volume (VTI) while increasing the volume component derived from high-frequency ventilation (HFV). This procedure appeared to reveal potentially salvageable ARDS patients who were refractory to CMV. In these patients, CHFV significantly reduced pulmonary mean airway pressure (Paw). The RI also decreased significantly and it was possible to reduce significantly the FIO2. In surviving ARDS patients treated with CHFV, an improvement in blood gases at reduced FIO2, without decreased cardiac output, was produced. The CHFV technique was used for less than or equal to 25 days and resulted in 23% survival of patients who were clinically and physiologically indistinguishable from the patients in the ARDS nonsurvivor group who were treated by CMV only. In surviving CHFV patients the decrease in Paw permitted a sustained, or increased, cardiac output with a rise in the oxygen delivery/oxygen consumption ratio, thus allowing for a higher PaO2 for any given level of pulmonary shunt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fever caused by leaking atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Two cases of leaking atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm are presented. The leakage caused fever and leukocytosis, combined with signs of peritoneal irritation. Blood hemoglobin levels were reduced. Both patients were initially treated for sepsis but within hours the cause was identified; both died in the operating theater. The experience of others is reviewed and the mechanism of fever caused by leaking aneurysm is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of vesical leakage in a renal transplant recipient.

Technical complications following renal transplantation contribute significantly to graft loss, morbidity, and mortality. Since these patients are immunosuppressed such complications are life-threatening and require early diagnosis and management. Vesical extravasation is a major complication usually evident in the early posttransplant period and occurs more commonly in diabetic patients, and those with multiple prior bladder operations, persistent outflow obstruction, and urinary tract infection. The detection of vesical leakage by real-time ultrasound examination is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Amputation neuroma of common bile duct with obstructive jaundice: a case report.

A 67-year-old woman was hospitalized because of recurrent attacks of epigastric pain, chills, fever, jaundice and pruritus of 6 months' duration. Six years earlier, the patient had undergone cholecystectomy. The present endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a proximal irregular choledochal stricture. Resection of the stricture with end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed an amputation neuroma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Granulomatous prostatitis with vasculitis. A sequel to transurethral prostatic resection.

An 80-year-old patient suffering from prostatism underwent repeated transurethral prostatic resection. Histologic examination of the prostatic tissue that was removed at the time of the second operation disclosed a granuloma with fibrinoid necrosis combined with necrotizing vasculitis. Only four cases of granulomatous prostatitis and vasculitis have been reported in the literature:two were generalized vasculitis, while in the two other instances, the vasculitis was confined to the prostate. We report an additional case of granulomatous prostatitis combined with vasculitis localized in the prostate.

Aged↗