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Biomedical subjects

A Riley

Publications and source records attributed to A Riley.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Adolescent health status measurement: development of the Child Health and Illness Profile.

This report describes the early stages in the development and testing of an instrument, known as the CHIP (Child Health and Illness Profile), for assessing the health of individuals aged 11 through 17. The purpose of the instrument is to assess health in epidemiologic surveys, to determine the existence of systematic differences in health in subpopulations (including the socioeconomically disadvantaged), and to provide a basis for assessing the impact of changes in health services or health policies. An instrument consisting of six domains with 25 subdomains was developed based on the literature, the involvement of focus groups and expert panels, and pretesting in four groups of teenagers known to differ in their health. The results of work with panels of experts suggest that the instrument has content validity. Most domains and subdomains had acceptable reliability as measured by alpha coefficients. Differences in the scores of individuals in the four groups were in the predicted directions, suggesting that the instrument also has construct validity. Additional research is under way to establish other aspects of validity as well as reliability in school populations of adolescents as well as specific clinical settings.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Reproducibility of oesophageal transit studies: several 'single swallows' must be performed.

The 'single swallow' technique for the isotopic investigation of oesophageal function has been widely accepted. In our experience the results obtained when several consecutive 'single swallow' tests are performed show considerable variation. Although one or two swallows may be enough to diagnose abnormality, the exclusion of a motility disorder requires more, preferably six consecutive swallows.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Initial clinical experience with degradable starch microspheres.

Four patients with advanced hepatic malignancy have been investigated with a view to intra-arterial treatment with degradable starch microspheres (DSM) and mitomycin-C (MMC). Computer-assisted interpretation of data gathered during the administration of technetium-labelled albumin allows the degree of arteriovenous shunting within the liver to be measured. In a similar way, the effectiveness of DSM in blocking hepatic arterial flow is determined. Two patients showed unacceptably high levels of shunting (75% and 100%) and were excluded from further study. One patient with hepatocellular carcinoma shunted only 24% of the macroaggregated albumin, and flow through the liver was reduced to 48% by DSM therapy. This patient has undergone four courses of MMC without significant toxic complications. The last patient had 25% shunting. The DSM titration and the first MMC administration had to be abandoned because of severe abdominal pain and nausea related to a fracture of the intra-arterial catheter. Complications directly associated with the procedures have been acceptable. The relationship between flow reduction and the amount of DSM administered is non-linear, and the appropriate dose of DSM for each treatment must be titrated against both the patient's symptoms and the computer-generated flow indices.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A new approach to the construction of small animal inhalation chambers: design and evaluation.

Cylindrical, all glass, inhalation chambers are described which are suitable for the exposure of small laboratory animals to atmospheric pollutants. The main feature of the design is the ability of the investigator to construct a chamber with an internal volume which best approximates the animal loading requirement and/or the availability of test material. Evaluation of the distribution of a gaseous material within the chamber has shown that animals will be exposed to a specified atmospheric concentration of the material irrespective of their position within the chamber. Catch pans for the collection of excreta can be used which do not affect the uniformity of material distribution. Preliminary evaluation of the distribution of a particulate atmosphere indicates that the same will be true for liquid and solid aerosols.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Intravesical therapy with adriamycin in urothelial dysplasia and early carcinoma in situ.

The authors studied the effect of instilling Adriamycin intravesically in 21 patients with urothelial dysplasia and early carcinoma in situ. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed by repeated urine cytology, cystoscopy and repeated biopsy of the bladder mucosa. No serious side effects were noted. Adriamycin causes the death of malignant cells, general improvement in the appearance of the bladder mucosa at cystoscopy and histologic evidence of endothelial damage to the bladder mucosa. The cytologic changes continue for many months after treatment.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1981

Basic gross motor assessment. Tool for use with children having minor motor dysfunction.

Children with minor motor problems are often referred for evaluation of these problems to physical therapists who work in educational environments. Measures that therapists use to assess seriously disabled children are often inappropriate for these children. The Basic Gross Motor Assessment was developed after analyzing research on minor motor dysfunction. Standard procedures were outlined and a sample of 1,260 randomly selected children aged 5 years 6 months to 12 years 5 months served for norming purposes. Validity and reliability studies were completed with an additional 285 subjects. The Basic Gross Motor Assessment is presented as a useful tool for evaluating minor motor problems in children and identifying those children who require further physical therapy assessment and perhaps direct treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1981

The early changes in the development of bladder cancer in patients exposed to known industrial carcinogens.

In the Huddersfield district many people have been exposed to industrial carcinogens as a result of their occupation. An exfoliative urine cytology screening programme has been in operation for many years so that patients with the early changes associated with these carcinogens are referred for urological investigation at a very early stage in the disease. A description of the development of urothelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and transitional cell carcinoma is presented with particular reference to the urine cytology, histological features of mucosal biopsies and cystoscopic appearances of the bladder. Changes in the collagen fibres in the basement membrane are also described.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1981

Investigations on the penetration of ranitidine into the cerebrospinal fluid and a comparison of the effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on male sex hormones.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ranitidine concentrations were measured in 13 normal subjects undergoing routine myelography following either one, or two doses ranitidine 200 mg. Small amounts of the drug were detectable in the CSF. A separate investigation of duodenal ulcer patients compared the effects of ranitidine 150 mg twice-daily and cimetidine 1 g daily on basal and stimulated levels of male reproductive hormones in the plasma. Although cimetidine treatment resulted in a small rise in basal and stimulated testosterone, neither drug was associated with significant changes in basal or stimulated hormone levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Stimulation effect of prostaglandin F2ALPHA on the plasma concentration of testosterone in bulls.

The concentrations of peripheral plasma testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in samples collected from five bulls, each given i.m. injections of 0, 5. 15, 30 and 60 mg prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). Synchronized peaks in testosterone concentration occurred with maximum values 1.2h after treatment. These increases of testosterone persisted significantly longer than those observed to occur as natural episodic peaks during two 24 h periods in the same bulls. The mean peak testosterone concentration after PGF2alpha injection was related to the dose of PGF2alpha, values after 60 and 30 mg doses being significantly greater than after 15 mg. The response produced by a 5 mg dose was not significant. The results indicate that intramuscular injection of PGF2alpha, acutely stimulates synthesis and release of testosterone in fulls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reference population values for the Spanish Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition (CHIP-AE) using a representative school-based sample].

AIM: The Child Health and Illness Profile (CHIP-AE) is a generic health status instrument for adolescents aged 12-19 years adapted for use in Spain. The aim of this study was to obtain reference population values of the Spanish version of the CHIP-AE. METHODS: The CHIP-AE was administered to a representative sample of adolescents from schools in Barcelona. The sample was selected by using cluster-sampling, stratified by type of school (public or private) and an ecological socioeconomic index (Indice de Capacidad Familiar: low, middle, and high). The CHIP-AE scores were standardized to a mean of 20 and a standard deviation (SD) of 5. Means and percentiles were computed. Means were compared by age, gender, and socioeconomic status using analysis of variance. RESULTS: The response rate was 81% (n = 902). The distribution of the CHIP-AE scores presented a wide range with scores generally skewed toward positive health status. Nevertheless, the results suggest that the sample selected from a general population was not free of health problems. Twenty-five percent of adolescents presented scores below 17.2 in the domain of discomfort, indicating an effect size of 0.56 standardized SD units. The distribution of scores in the reference samples from Barcelona was similar to the original results in Baltimore (USA), with some marginal differences in individual risks. CONCLUSIONS: The CHIP-AE systematically gathers information on health domains in adolescents. The results from this reference sample will allow comparisons with adolescents from other regions, and/or with different health problems, as well as description of inequalities in health during adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled studies on women presenting with sexual drive disorder: I. Endocrine status.

A single mid-cycle blood sample was obtained from 15 premenopausal female patients presenting with lifelong absence of sexual drive and from a control group of women with intact sexual drive. Serum levels of testosterone, 5-dihydrotestosterone (5-DHT), 17 beta oestradiol, sex hormone binding globulin, and prolactin were measured and indices of free testosterone and 5-DHT were derived. During the menstrual cycle in which the blood samples were obtained, the study subjects kept a diary of their sexual desire and activities. The only endocrine parameter that is significantly different between the two groups is free testosterone, which is lower in the patients than in the control women. Associations between endocrine parameters and indices of sexual behavior were examined. In the control group, average daily sexual thoughts correlates positively with total testosterone, free testosterone index, and free 5-DHT. Feeling of "need for sex" correlates positively with free 5-DHT index and free testosterone index. Experience of sexual thoughts correlates with need for sex, and average frequency of masturbation correlates negatively with age. In both groups, average coital frequency correlates with free testosterone index.

Adolescent↗