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Biomedical subjects

A Rifkin

Publications and source records attributed to A Rifkin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Stability of the postpsychotic depression syndrome.

Fifteen consecutively identified patients with syndromally defined postpsychotic depression were followed prospectively over three consecutive weekly ratings to assess the stability of that syndrome. In 8 cases, the condition persisted with undiminished intensity. Five cases remitted spontaneously, and in 2 cases the syndrome appeared to be a harbinger of psychotic relapse. The implications for the timing of therapeutic interventions in patients with postpsychotic depressions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Panic disorder: response to sodium lactate and treatment with antidepressants.

Effective drugs for mental disorders have been found by serendipitous findings not supported by knowledge of psychopharmacology. Drug are assigned labels, such as "antidepressant" without knowledge that such a label delimits the utility of such agents. Many double-blind controlled studies have shown that imipramine effectively ameliorates panic attacks and agoraphobia. Epidemiological data show a relationship between Panic Disorder and Depression. Relatives of probands with Major Depression plus an Anxiety Disorder were at greater risk for both Major Depression and for an Anxiety Disorder. Panic Disorder, as a subcategory of Anxiety Disorder was associated with the greatest increased risk. Intravenous sodium lactate reliably produces anxiety attacks clinically indistinguishable from those occurring in Panic Disorder, in subjects with that disorder. Panic Disorder is characterized by response to imipramine, an epidemiological link to Affective Disorder, and is similar to panic induced by infusion of sodium lactate.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMed1985

Trimipramine in physical illness with depression.

To assess whether tricyclic antidepressants are useful in patients with a serious physical disorder who develop symptoms of major depression, 42 medically ill outpatients who met RDC criteria for endogenous major depression and had a Raskin depression score of at least 7 were studied. The patients were randomly assigned to a 6-week trial of trimipramine or placebo under double-blind conditions. In the placebo group, depressive symptoms improved when the physical disorder improved; in the trimipramine group, improvement was seen in the depressive symptoms even when there was no concomitant improvement in physical condition.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1984

A comment on Strauss' and Carpenter's definitions of "what is schizophrenia".

Any disorder can be defined as the result of a myriad of influences, but it serves little purpose to include the entire causal network as the definition--assuming that we know the causes. It is better to limit the definition to the salient features shared by all or almost all persons with the disorder. Since we know so little about the etiology of schizophrenia, or its pathophysiology, it is best to use clinical features and some gross description of course, as is described in DSM-III, as the definition most likely to be useful and least likely to contain wrong information.

Environment↗
PubMed1984

Course-related depressive syndromes in schizophrenia.

The authors evaluated 20 patients, diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria after 1 week of hospitalization as having schizophrenia, weekly throughout their hospitalization. Four patients developed syndromes of depression after resolution of their psychoses: three manifesting a "minor" and one a "major" postpsychotic depressive syndrome. Four other patients went on to develop syndromes equivalent to major depression at a time when they were still actively psychotic, and their cross-sectional diagnoses were therefore changed to schizoaffective disorder, depressed type. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Is loxapine more effective than chlorpromazine in paranoid schizophrenia?

The authors compared loxapine with chlorpromazine in inpatients with paranoid schizophrenia and found no difference in clinical efficacy. Thus a previous finding, based on retrospective analyses, that loxapine was superior to other neuroleptics in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia was not verified in this prospective study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Attitudinal changes of involuntarily committed patients following treatment.

Thirty-five involuntarily hospitalized psychiatric patients were interviewed immediately following admission and again prior to discharge to assess attitudinal changes and their relationship to patient characteristics and treatment outcome. The results indicate significant changes toward recognition of the original need for involuntary treatment. Those patients achieving remission of symptoms were most likely to have positive attitudes. Follow-up data indicate that the majority continued to receive outpatient treatment after the index episode, and among those readmissions that occurred, 92% were voluntary.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Low-dose neuroleptic treatment of outpatient schizophrenics. I. Preliminary results for relapse rates.

In an attempt to begin to establish minimum effective dosage requirements for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia, we undertook a double-blind comparison of low-dose fluphenazine decanoate (1.25 to 5.0 mg/2 wk) with the standard-dose regimen (12.5 to 50.0 mg/2 wk) in outpatient schizophrenics. For the first 126 patients studied, cumulative relapse rates at one year for the low dose were 56% and for the standard dose 7%, a significant difference. Despite the fact that very little dyskinetic symptomatology developed in the sample as a whole, the low-dose treatment appeared to have a significant advantage in producing fewer early signs of tardive dyskinesia. Severity of relapse and total cumulative dosage were also considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Fluphenazine vs placebo in patients with remitted, acute first-episode schizophrenia.

Twenty-eight patients who had recently recovered from an acute-onset, first-episode schizophrenic illness were randomly given fluphenazine hydrochloride or decanoate or placebo for a one-year period in a double-blind study. Seven of 17 patients(14%) receiving placebo experienced a psychotic relapse, whereas none of 11 drug-treated patients experienced a relapse. Eighteen (69%) of the 26 patients available for follow-up (mean interval, 3.5 years) experienced a second psychotic relapse either during the study or afterward, and 50% (14/28) of the original sample experienced a third episode.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lithium carbonate and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II illness: a prospective, placebo-controlled comparison.

Twenty-seven patients with recurrent unipolar depression and 22 with bipolar II illness in remission for at least six months were randomly assigned on a double-blind basis to treatment regimens using lithium carbonate, imipramine hydrochloride, lithium carbonate plus imipramine, or placebo. Lithium carbonate was found to help prevent depressive relapse among patients with unipolar disease, and relapse of any type among those with bipolar II disease. No effect or interaction of imipramine was found in either group. These results add to a growing body of data that suggest the usefulness of lithium carbonate in the prophylaxis of unipolar depressive illness. The relative usefulness of lithium carbonate and imipramine requires further study.

Adolescent↗