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Biomedical subjects

A Reuben

Publications and source records attributed to A Reuben.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Is pancreatogram interpretation reliable?--a study of observer variation and error.

Observer variation in the interpretation of endoscopic pancreatograms has been examined by asking four experienced observers to assess 40 sets of well-documented radiographs (from 20 patients with cancer and 20 with pancreatitis), both without ("blind") and with clinical details, each on three occasions. Individual consistency for "blind" diagnoses ranged from 61% to 78%, increasing significantly with clinical information. Overall diagnostic accuracy with clinical information varied from 52% to 83% for cancer, and from 87% to 95% for pancreatitis. However, unanimous and correct opinions were given by the four observers for only 53% of all cases, even when clinical details were provided. Clinical information changed the radiographic diagnosis in 43% of assessments, 83% of these changes leading to improved accuracy. ERCP gives direct information about the major pancreatic and biliary duct systems and often provides an accurate diagnosis. Caution must be exercised in relying upon radiological appearances alone.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

Operative pancreatic biopsy: a survey of current practice.

The attitudes of surgeons working in Great Britain and Ireland towards pancreatic biopsy and the use of other preoperative investigations in cases of pancreatic disease are examined on the basis of replies to a postal questionnaire. The value, accuracy, and complications of pancreatic biopsy are discussed with reference to the surgical literature.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Plasma calcitonin in chronic renal failure: relation to other factors of importance in bivalent ion metabolism.

1. Plasma concentrations of human calcitonin were measured in groups of patients with chronic renal failure, treated either conservatively or by haemodialysis, and compared with a normal group of persons. 2. Plasma calcitonin was statistically significantly elevated in both groups with renal failure. 3. When the data from the three groups were pooled, plasma calcitonin was found to be inversely correlated with total calcium and directly correlated with plasma creatinine.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1977

Renal vein thrombosis as the major cause of renal failure in familial Mediterranean fever.

Eighteen out of 57 patients (31-6 per cent) suffering from Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) were found to have the nephrotic syndrome, histologically proven amyloidosis and progressive renal failure. In 14 cases renal function deteriorated rapidly after the first appearance of significant proteinuria, and 12 cases (66-7 per cent) required regular haemodialysis. Seven of these patients, seen in the early stages of renal impairment, were subsequently diagnosed clinically as probably having developed renal vein thrombosis. There was radiological proof of intrarenal or major renal vein occlusion in five which in one patient progressed to inferior vena cave obstruction. Treatment with heparin, plasminogen activators and fibrinogenolytic agents was disappointing although renal function has stabilized in one patient on long term oral anticoagulant therapy. It is suggested that renal vein thrombosis is common in FMF with renal amyloidosis and usually causes rapid deterioration of function and irreversible renal failure requiring dialysis. Renal phlebography may delineate clot in the main renal veins or indicate areas of reduced blood flow due to thromboses in intrarenal venules. Treatment is only partially satisfactory but there is some evidence to suggest that renal phlebography should be undertaken promptly when renal function begins to fall followed by anticoagulant therapy to prevent further thromboembolic complications.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biliary proteins.

The study of biliary proteins has grown enormously in the last 10 years. Although much has been recently learned about the nature, origin and hepatobiliary transport of these proteins, little is known of their function in bile or their effect on its physical state. This review will focus on description of the proteins and mechanisms by which they are secreted into bile.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erythrocyte sedimentation in columns and the significance of ESR.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a simple, non-specific clinical test. Most models of erythrocyte sedimentation (ES) are formulated as a sigmoid function but consider the ES process to consist of three distinct phases: single-cell fall; fall of rouleaux and aggregates; cell packing. Recently, a piecewise (three-phase) continuous model has been developed. Our study applies ES data from 29 haematologically normal subjects to this model and re-evaluates the mechanism of ES using the derived model parameters. Using the Westergren technique, ES readings were taken every 10 minutes for 300 minutes. Three subjects remained in the first phase, while 26 displayed three discrete phases. For the 26 subjects, the average rate of fall of the sedimenting particles in the first phase 87 microns/min, while that of the second phase was 176 microns/min. The ratio of these two values suggests an alternative nature of sedimenting particles in the first phase. Further, the average duration of the first phase was 62 minutes, suggesting that, in 50% of subjects, aggregate formation is incomplete when ESR is measured at 60 minutes.

Blood Sedimentation↗