Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Reinhardt.
The comparison of the results of culture and animal test for finding of mycobacteria in selected specimens, obtained in two laboratories between 1981 and 1988 shows a superiority of the animal test. Taking into account adequate literature recommendations are given as well for a possible improvement of culture methods as for the indication of animal tests.
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The results of proficiency tests in screening for acid-fast bacteria are reported. Out of 52 participating laboratories, the results obtained by 47 of them could be evaluated. Thanks to this current check of quality and annual evaluation, erroneous results were detected, their cause could be determined and measures to secure reliability of the examinations were taken.
With cephalometric measurements we investigated the morphology of the malocclusion "Open bite" from adults. The main of abnormality is the divergence of the jaw bases and the compensatory growth of alveolar bone in vertical direction. Under consideration of the best time for beginning of the treatment we give advice for the etiologically orientated therapy.
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Radiographic cephalometric measurements are very important for the orthodontic diagnosis. For the computerized analysis 10 percent of time is necessary comparable with the volume of time for the analysis by hand. For the computerized analysis were used the following hardware: AC 7100, Digitizer K 6405, Printer K 6314. After input of 19 skeletal points with the digitizer the results will printed as a hardcopy. The cephalometric method was adapted by the method after Hasund. The software was written in Turbo-Pascal. The computerized cephalometric analysis is a part of our computerized orthodontic analysis programme.
Renal pelvic pressures were studied in 4 patients with indwelling nephrostomy tubes undergoing extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The pressures were monitored by attaching the patients' nephrostomy tubes to an electrical pressure transducer. Three of these patients had ureteral stents placed to prevent outflow obstruction from disintegrated stone fragments. The mean pelvic pressure increased from 17.0 cm H2O at the start to 52 cm H2O at the conclusion of ESWL. Two hours post-ESWL, the pressures declined to a mean of 27.0 cm H2O. The maximum pelvic urine volume as determined by aspirating the nephrostomy tubes at the conclusion of the procedure was 6 cc. The observed rise in pelvic pressure may be explained by a sustained contraction of the pelvic smooth musculature.
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It is a routine practice to subject captive groups of primates to single-file movement; yet no records on the sequences of such progressions have been published. The present study analyzes the progression sequence during prompted single-file movement for the purpose of routine weighing in a captive troop of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The animals had to overcome fear before leaving their home pen; nonetheless, they left in a well-defined, stable sequence. An individual's position in this progression order as well as the consistency with which it retained its place were dependent on its age but not on its dominance status. It was suggested that the monkeys gradually learned with age to master their fear with the prospect of quickly returning to their home pen.
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The relationship between dominance and intermale mounting was analyzed in two troops of captive rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The data did not support the assumption that mounting among males functions as a dominance demonstration as described in the literature because mounting commonly (63% of 65 dyads) occurred in a bidirectional fashion, and mounting not only was performed by dominant males but also was shown with regularity (36% of 521 cases) by subordinate males. Intermale mounting was often (37% of 521 cases) associated with amicable interactions--commonly preceding them--but it was only rarely (2%) associated with dominance-subordination behaviors. It was concluded that intermale mounting may serve as a socially cohesive behavior in rhesus monkeys by promoting nonagonistic contact.
Hair pulling and eating has not yet received attention in the nonhuman primate literature. Hair pulling and eating was recorded 388 times in two heterogeneous troops of healthy rhesus monkeys that were kept according to modern management practices. The behavior in question consists of the following sequence: pulling with the fingers (1/3 of cases) or with the teeth (2/3 of cases) tufts of hair from one's own or from a partner's coat; chewing the hair and finally swallowing it; the undigested material is excreted in the feces. Hair pulling was almost exclusively (378/388) partner-directed. It was observed 364 times between animals whose dominance relationships were known; it was performed in 96% (349/364) of observations by a dominant but only in 4% (15/364) of observations by a subordinate monkey. The recipient of hair pulling showed typical fear and/or avoidance reactions. In both troops young animals (2-8 years of age) engaged in hair pulling and eating significantly more often than old animals (10-26 years of age). There was no evidence that nutritional, toxicological or climatic factors were responsible for the manifestation of this behavior. It was concluded that, similar to trichotillomania in man, wool pulling and eating in sheep and muskox, and feather picking in poultry, hair pulling and eating is an aggressive behavioral disorder in rhesus monkeys reflecting adjustment problems to a stressful environment.
Regulative music therapy is interpreted as a psychotherapeutic method with underlying symptom centered psychotherapeutic action statement. Concerning depressive diseases is derived new action orientated concept for therapy.
This is an initial report on experiences gained with the inclusion of regulative music therapy for patients with depressive reactions stemming from a variety of causes. The experience gained so far suggest that regulative music therapy can be beneficial during the readaptation phase in the course of rehabilitation of such patients. Orientation on conscious perception seems to be a characteristic of RMT among depressive patients during the first phase of training. This conscious perception leads the patient to a more rational form of confrontation with himself and his surroundings. This opens the way to a constructive approach to overcoming the conflicts experienced in the past.
The mechanism of the potent virucidal activity of retinol (vitamin A) and retinal (vitamin A aldehyde) was investigated for the interaction of these compounds with a model system enveloped virus, bacteriophage phi 6. The retinoids bind to and inactivate phi 6 without causing large-scale disruption of the virion. Inactivated virions have completely lost the ability to adsorb to host bacteria due to the loss of a viral envelope protein necessary for adsorption.
The enveloped bacteriophage phi6 has been shown to be a valuable model system for the preliminary screening of compounds that might be expected to inactivate herpes simplex virus and other enveloped mammalian viruses. A variety of fatty acid derivatives that form fluid micelles in aqueous media have been found to be potent inactivators of phi6. The chemical nature of the polar head group, the length of the alkyl chain(s), and the extent and geometry of unsaturation are all important parameters in determining the antiviral effectiveness of this class of compounds.