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Biomedical subjects

A Reiner

Publications and source records attributed to A Reiner.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Tumor histology and steroid receptors in breast carcinoma].

In Specimens of 115 patients with breast cancer 4 tumorparameters (tumorsize, tumorboder, nucleargrade, lymphocytic stromal reaction) 3 features of regional lymphnodes (sinushistiocytosis, T-cellreaction, lymphnode metastases) and estrogen and progesteron receptors were determined. A strong sinushistiocytosis and T-cellreaction could be verified mainly in metastases in free lymphnodes. The steroid receptor content does not correlate with histological parameters.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Proteoglycans from bovine nasal cartilage. Immunochemical studies of link protein.

Antisera have been prepared against purified proteoglycan monomer and link protein from bovine cartilages. The immunological properties of these species have been studied by immunodiffusion, Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, hemagglutination, and immunofluorescence. Antisera raised against either adult bovine articular or foetal bovine epiphyseal proteoglycan monomer were monospecific. They did not react with link protein, type II collagen, nor with any other molecular species isolated from bovine articular and epiphyseal cartilages. Antisera to link protein, purified from bovine nasal cartilage by dissociative density gradient centrifugation followed by chromatography under dissociative conditions on Sephacryl S-200, showed no reaction with proteoglycan monomer by immunodiffusion. However, antisera to link protein showed a weak reaction with native monomer on Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis (not detectable when chondroitinase ABC-treated monomer was used), and with chondroitinase ABC-treated monomer by hemagglutination assay. These traces of antibody to proteoglycan monomer were inactivated by immunoreaction with proteoglycan monomer in solution to provide a monospecific antiserum to link protein. Purified antibodies specific for proteoglycan monomer, some of which did not react with the hyaluronic acid binding region of bovine nasal monomer, were prepared from anti-link sera by affinity chromatography using chondroitinase ABC-treated bovine nasal proteoglycan monomer. Purified link protein, which contains 48,000- and 44,000-dalton subunits, contains two immunologically distinguishable species. An immunoassay for purified link protein was developed using Laurell rocket electrophoresis. A micro-method, using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis, for studying the binding of link protein to proteoglycan monomer and to hyaluronate is described. The complex of link protein bound to hyaluronate was dissociated on reaction of link protein with antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Basal ganglionic pathways to the tectum: studies in reptiles.

Relations between the basal ganglia and the tectum were investigated in two different orders of reptiles: turtles (Chrysemys scripta) and crocodilians (Caiman crocodilus). In both species, efferents from the paleostriatal complex, a telencephalic region considered comparable to the mammalian basal ganglia on the basis of topographic, histochemical, and hodological criteria, were found to project to a prominent pretectal cell group called the dorsal nucleus of the posterior commissure (nDCP). Cells within nDCP, in turn, were found to project extensively upon the optic tectum. This paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal pathway is comparable to a previously described paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal channel in birds that involves a relay in the pretectal nucleus, spiriformis lateralis (SpL). Neither the presently described paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal channel of reptiles nor that previously described in birds, however, appears comparable to the superficially similar basal ganglionic-nigral-superior collicular pathway of mammals. Rather, data from the present experiments indicate the existence of a second paleostriatal channel to the tectum, one which does appear comparable to the basal ganglionic-nigral-superior collicular pathway of mammals. This second paleostriatal channel to the tectum, relayed via a tegmental cell group termed the substantia nigra in turtles and the tegmentipedunculopontine complex in caiman, is of much lesser prominence in reptiles than the paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal channel. The present results indicate the existence of at least two separate systems by which the basal ganglia in reptiles can influence the midbrain roof. These two channels, particularly the prominent paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal pathway, may represent major routes by which the basal ganglia influence motor functions in reptiles. Further, although previous research had only indicated the existence of a paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal pathway in birds and a basal ganglionic-nigral-collicular channel in mammals, existing data are consistent with the hypothesis that both presently described pathways in reptiles exist in birds and mammals, though only one of the two may be prominent in mammals.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1980

The effects of extensive forebrain lesions on visual discriminative performance in turtles (Chrysemys picta picta).

Though anatomical research has demonstrated major ascending telecephalically directed visual channels in reptiles, little behavioral research has examined reptilian forebrain visual functions. The present study reports the effects of extensive forebrain lesions, involving either severe destruction of dorsal thalamus or disruption of the fibers of the lateral forebrain bundle (by lesions of the basolateral telecephalon), upon visual discriminative performance in the turtle. Such lesions, which extensively damage the ascending visual pathways, rendered turtles incapable of relearning preoperatively acquired visual discriminative problems. The magnitude of the visual impairments observed following such forebrain lesions suggest a major role on the part of the forebrain in visual processing in reptiles.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Localization of proteoglycan monomer and link protein in the matrix of bovine articular cartilage: An immunohistochemical study.

Using monospecific antisera and immunofluorescence microscopy, proteoglycan monomer (PG), and link proteins were demonstrated throughout the extracellular matrix of bovine articular cartilage. A narrow band of strong pericellular staining was usually observed for both molecules, indicating a pericellular concentration of proteoglycan monomer: this conclusion was supported by dye-binding studies. Whereas PG was evenly distributed throughout the remaining matrix, more link protein was detectable in interterritorial sites in middle and deep zones. Well-defined zones of weaker territorial staining for link protein stained strongest for chondroitin sulfate. Trypsin treatment of cartilage resulted in a loss of most of the PG staining, but some selective retention of link protein, particularly around chondrocytes in the superficial zone at and near the articular surface. This residual staining was largely removed if sections were fixed after chondroitinase treatment. After extraction of cartilage with 4M guanidine hydrochloride, only PG remained and this was concentrated in the superficial zone. These observations are shown to support the concept of aggregation of PG and link protein with hyaluronic acid (HA) in cartilage matrix, and the binding of PG and link protein to HA, which is attached to the chondrocyte surface. Culture of cartilage depleted of PG and link protein by trypsin demonstrated that individual chondrocytes can secrete both PG and link proteins and that the organization of cartilage matrix can be regenerated in part over a period of 4 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Optokinetic nystagmus and the accessory optic system of pigeon and turtle.

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) response functions were obtained in pigeon (Columba livia) and turtle (Chrysemys picta) before and after electrolytic lesions of the accessory optic nuclei (AON). Postlesion retinal input to the AON was evaluated using standard autoradiographic techniques. Bilateral destruction of AON in both pigeon and turtle did not abolish OKN, but was correlated instead with a reduction in OKN frequencies at high pattern velocities. A difference was observed between species with respect to the effects of partial lesions. Incomplete destruction of AON produced no observable change in OKN response functions in pigeon, but correlated with reduced OKN response functions in turtle. These results suggest that the AON mediate a portion of OKN in both pigeon and turtle, particularly at high pattern velocities, but are not essential for its occurrence.

Animals↗