Biomedical subjects
A Reikvam
Publications and source records attributed to A Reikvam.
Hyperthermia and rhabdomyolysis in self-poisoning with paracetamol and salicylates. Report of a case.
A young women ingested large amounts of different analgesics, mainly salicylate and paracetamol. On admission about 17 hours later, clearly toxic serum levels of both drugs were demonstrated. She was comatose with respiratory failure for 5 days. During the first day there was a period of several hours of therapy-resistant hyperthermia. A severe bleeding tendency was probably related to profound coagulation defects. Persistingly elevated serum levels of ASAT and ALAT for two weeks were presumably caused by a toxic effect of paracetamol on the liver. When consciousness was regained, widespread pareses of skeletal muscles, predominantly of the lower limbs, were demonstrated. These were related to extensive rhabdomyolysis as evidenced by extremely elevated serums levels of CPK for 6 weeks, and by muscle necrosis in biopsy specimens. There was a gradual improvement, but walking disturbances were still present after one year. The hyperthermia was probably related to the cerebral effects of salicylates or the combination of multiple drugs. The rhabdomyolysis might be related to a deleterious effect of hyperthermia on the muscles or to an effect of paracetamol on the skeletal muscles similar to that which might occur in the myocardium, or to a combination of these mechanisms.
[Paracetamol poisoning--liver damage].
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[Granulocytes and macrophages: mobilization and killing of microorganisms. Normal and pathologic function].
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The phagocytic capacity of macrophages in the S phase of the cell cycle.
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Hydroxyurea (HU) in experimental hematology. I. Characterization of in vitro and in vivo effects on progenitor and transit cells.
The lethal effect of hydroxyurea (HU) on normal and regenerating mouse bone marrow was examined in vivo and in vitro. Progenitor cells (DCPC) were assayed by their capacity to form granulocytes and macrophages in 7-day diffusion chamber (DC) cultures. Dose-response experiments showed that a plateau effect was obtained in vitro for HU concentrations above 1 mM, killing about 40% of regenerating progenitor cells or normal proliferative granulocytes. Similarly, a plateau effect was found for doses exceeding about 15 mg i.p., when lethal effects on 3-4 day DC cultures were measured. Time-response studies in vitro showed that about 60% of maximum killing was achieved after only 10 min, with a levelling off of the effect for exposure times between 1 and 3 h. Total depression of 3H-thymidine incorporation in DC cultures was achieved in less than 0.5 h, and subsided within 4-6 h, after one i.p. injection of 23 mg HU. HU had no appreciable effect on DCPC of adult normal marrow, but killed 15% of agar colony-forming cells.
[Toxoplasma gondii. A review on its occurence, life cycle and transmission].
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[The mononuclear phagocyte system].
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Virulence of different strains of Toxoplasma gondii and host response in mice.
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Macrophage proliferation and activation during Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice: relationship to lymphocyte stimulation.
Macrophage proliferation and activation as well as lymphocyte stimulation in the peritoneal cavities of mice were investigated during the course of a Toxoplasma gondii (Beverly strain) infection. Macrophage proliferation had started already after day one and reached a first peak on day 2 (3H-thymidine labelling index approximately 6%). This proliferation was not accompanied by any notable lymphocyte stimulation. An equally high L.I. for macrophages was found after injection of 0.9% saline. From day 3-4 and peaking on day 7-11, a considerable blastoid transformation of lymphocytes occurred (maximum L.I. for lymphoid cells approximately 20% on day 7). In parallel with this blastoid response, a substantial macrophage proliferation took place (L.I. approximately 8%). Large numbers of activated macrophages also appeared during this period, DNA synthesizing cells were found even among the most highly activated macrophages. The results indicated that the early and the late macrophage proliferations were stimulated by different mechanisms.
The macrophage response in mice after primary and secondary immunization with sheep red blood cells.
A primary and a secondary immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was evoked in mice by intraperitoneal injection of the antigen. Macrophage proliferation and migration as well as induction of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase in macrophages were assessed along with lymphocyte proliferation. The proliferative responses were evaluated by 3H-thymidine labelling (autoradiography). The secondary response elicited a faster and stronger lymphocyte proliferation than the primary response. This pattern was not seen to apply to the macrophages where the highest proliferative rate was found in connection with the primary response. The macrophages acquired an increased content of acid phosphatase during both types of responses, but the significantly highest level was reached in the secondary response. Large numbers of monocytes migrated into the peritoneal cavity during the first day after immunization. However, macrophage proliferation took place in resident as well as in immigrant cells.
Diffusion chamber culturing of haematopoietic cells: methodological investigations and improvement of the technique.
Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured to determine some basic characteristics of the diffusion chamber (DC) technique. The main findings were as follows: (i) Incorporated 3H-thymidine was conveniently measured after deposition of a cell sample on glass fibre discs followed by methanol washing. Varying the specific activity from approximately 2-approximately 20 Ci/mmole did not affect the relationship between DC cellularity and isotope incorporation. Isotope uptake was similar regardless of whether 3H-thymidine of high or low specific activity had been used. (ii) Higher cell yields were obtained when Millipore or Acropor filters were heat-sealed rather than glued to the plastic rings, when Millipore filters were moistened before DC filling, when we omitted gluing the closing plugs, and when we used an average pore size of 0.22 mum for the DC walls rather than one of 0.10 mum or 0.45 mum. Varying the ring thickness from 2.0-2.5 mm did not impair the cell growth, nor did removal of a softening agent from the plastic rings improve it. (iii) More cells were retrieved from DC carried by young rather than by older mice. Results were not influenced by sex or strain differences between the donor and the host or by the number of implants, whether single or double, within an individual host. (iv) Adding Ficoll to the pronase solution increased the yield of viable CFU-C. (V) Diffusion rate through the DC walls declined with increasing period of culturing, so that i.p. 3H-thymidine is not a flash label for 7-day cultures, for example. The great variability of 3H-thymidine diffusion into i.p. DC was markedly reduced by in vitro exposure to the unopened DC to the isotope. (vi) DC could be incubated in vitro in a medium devoid of protein for at least 6 hours without a fall in 3H-thymidine incorporation rate or CFU-C content, provided that pH was kept constant.
Macrophage proliferation during a lymphocyte transformation response: a study of mouse peritoneal cells stimulated antigenically in diffusion chambers.
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