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Biomedical subjects

A Reid

Publications and source records attributed to A Reid.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Nuclear magnetic resonance tomographic imaging in renal disease.

The non-invasive diagnostic technique of whole body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was evaluated in 60 patients. 30 of these patients were known to have various renal diseases and the remainder had normal renal function. In the demonstration of space-occupying lesions of the kidney, NMR proved to be as diagnostically accurate as ultrasound and intravenous urography; it was, moreover, as specific as ultrasound in differentiating malignant tumours from benign cystic lesions. The specificity of NMR was superior to both ultrasound and IVU in the diagnosis of parenchymal disease in normally situated kidneys and in renal transplants. Hydronephrotic kidneys were readily demonstrated.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1981

Nuclear magnetic resonance tomographic imaging in liver disease.

The non-invasive diagnostic technique of whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was evaluated in 30 patients with established liver disease and 20 patients without liver disease. Comparison with diagnostic ultrasound and radionuclide liver scan shows that NMR easily differentiates malignant tumours from benign cystic lesions and provides useful information in patients with cirrhosis and metastatic deposits. In the demonstration of space-occupying lesions in the liver, NMR is as sensitive as ultrasound and more so than radionuclide liver scans when the metastases are less than 1.5 cm in diameter. In the demonstration of cirrhosis it is more sensitive than both ultrasound and radionuclide liver scan. The specificity of NMR is superior to both ultrasound and radionuclide liver scan, both of which only demonstrate the presence of lesions, whereas NMR tomographic imaging based on the proton spin-lattice time (T1) of tissue accurately indicates the nature of the lesion.

Cysts↗
PubMed1981

Supratentorial recurrences in medulloblastoma.

Four children with medulloblastoma had massive supratentorial recurrences in the region of the cribriform plate after adequate craniospinal irradiation. The pathogenesis of these recurrences is probably related to underdosage to this region by shielding of the eyes. This hypothesis was corroborated by autopsy findings in two other patients in whom subfrontal implants were histologically different from recurrences elsewhere. Two possible solutions to avoid this problem in the future are suggested.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Oesophageal carcinoma demonstrated by whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

The quality of the images produced by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging has steadily improved over the past five years. Images of the head, thorax, and abdomen have clearly shown the normal anatomy. A clinical trial of NMR imaging has therefore been started in Aberdeen to assess its diagnostic accuracy and compare it with conventional radiography and other imaging technique. The first patient examined by whole-body NMR imaging had carcinoma of the oesophagus diagnosed on barium meal examination. A technetium-99m-sulphur colloid liver scan also showed hepatic metastases. NMR imaging showed a large tumour in the lower third of the oesophagus, and areas of increased proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) on a section through the liver corresponded with the metastases shown on the radionuclide scan. Increased areas of T1 were present in some vertebrae, and a technetium-99m bone scan confirmed the presence of bone metastases. The NMR images in this patient compared well with the images from other techniques. The continuing clinical trial may show that NMR is an accurate diagnostic aid which will complement existing techniques for diagnosing intrathoracic and intra-abdominal conditions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: the first report of its use in surgical practice.

This is the first report of whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging being of value in clinical surgery. Following aortobifemoral grafting, a 54-year-old man developed a pyrexia and hypotension which did not respond to antibiotic therapy and which was thought to be caused by early graft infection. Whole-body NMR imaging showed the graft and iliac arteries to be normal and an empyema of the gallbladder to be present, NMR imaging is a safe, non-invasive technique for imaging the body in transverse sections and specifically measures the water concentration of tissues, enabling normal and inflamed tissues to be differentiated.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1981

A clinical trial of the value of a tomographic section view to identify liver abnormalities by radionuclide imaging, with special reference to metastatic disease.

A prospective trial was carried out to assess the value of a radionuclide transverse section view in addition to conventional radionuclide scans of the liver. Reports for 373 patients were analysed and compared with the final independent clinical diagnosis. Although several individual cases were more accurately diagnosed using the tomographic section view, the trial did not demonstrate a significant increase in accuracy of diagnosis in liver disease. Some possible reasons for this are discussed, mainly the difficulty of identifying and quantifying truly abnormal features of liver radioisotope scans.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Adsorption and growth of Vibrio cholerae on chitin.

Incubation of Vibrio cholerae of O-group serotype 1 with chitin particles resulted in adsorption of vibrios onto chitin; chitin-adsorbed V. cholerae survived exposure to acid better than nonadsorbed vibrios. V. cholerae multiplied in dialyzed chitin suspended in 4.2% NaCl, suggesting that adherence to ingested chitin of crustacea might be of epidemiological significance by providing a substrate for vibrio multiplication as well as protection from gastric acid during stomach transit.

Acids↗
PubMed1979

Effects of betamethasone on the stimulation of corticosterone secretion in rats.

The effects of betamethasone on the elevation of rat plasma corticosterone levels by nicotine (400 microgram/kg s.c.), urethane anaesthesia and psychological stress have been studied. Betamethasone pretreatment (5 mg/kg given in the drinking water over 24 hr) initially suppressed the response to all three stimuli but, after 24 hr, only the response to urethane remained totally suppressed. Nicotine administered at this time to the urethane anaesthetised rats caused an increase in plasma corticosterone, apparently by stimulation of the autonomic nervous system. The results suggest that, following betamethasone, there is a prolonged delay in the recovery of the specific mechanism through which urethane stimulates pituitary-adrenal function rather than a total blockade of the effects of all stressful or chemical stimuli on ACTH secretion.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

Multiple primary cancer risk after therapy for Hodgkin's disease.

Forty-four antecedent, synchronous, and metachronous multiple primary cancers were identified among 41 patients who constituted 4.0% of 1028 patients initially treated for Hodgkin's disease during the years 1950-1954, 1960-1964, and 1968-1972. At 5 years post-therapy the cumulative probabilities of developing a multiple primary cancer for patients treated in 1950-1954, 1960-1964, and 1968-1972, were 1.14%, 1.48%, and 4.43%, respectively. At 10 years the cumulative probability of a multiple primary cancer was 2.54% for the 1950-1954 treatment group and 6.52% for the 1960-1964 treatment group. Among those patients 16-39 years of age, initially treated during the period 1960-1964, who had survived 6-10 years after receiving radiation plus single agent chemotherapy, we observed a significant 18-fold increase in the number of multiple primary cancers. A significant occurrence of two multiple primary cancers in a relatively small group of patients treated with chemotherapy only during the period 1968-1972 was also noted. Continued surveillance of patients extensively treated with combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy will enable assessment of the oncogenic potential of these modern therapeutic approaches to the management of Hodgkin's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Urinary monoamine metabolite excretion in disorders of movement. Effects of amantadine and levodopa.

We have studied the urinary excretion of 1,4-methylhistamine (1,4-MeHm), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in patients with Parkinson's disease, choreiform movements and essential tremor. The effect of amantadine on urinary excretion has been measured in each group of patients as well as the effect of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease. In patients with Parkinson's disease, excretion of 1,4-MeHm and HVA was significantly lower than in controls. Patients with choreiform movements had a reduced excretion of HVA but trends toward low levels of 1,4-MeHm and, in patients with Huntington's chorea, elevated excretion of 5-HIAA, were not significant. In patients with essential tremor, urinary excretion of the amine metabolities studied did nof differ significantly from controls. Administration of amantadine to patients with Parkinson's disease was not followed by increased excretion of monoamine metabolites except in those patients who were already receiving anticholinergic drugs. This increase is not significant and there was no effect in other groups of patients. These findings lend no support to the view that amantadine has a general amine-releasing action although there is limited evidence for such an effect in Parkinson's disease. In addition to the expected increase in HVA excretion, administration of levodopa to Parkinsonian patients was followed by significantly reduced excretion of 1,4-MeHm and 5-HIAA. However, if amantadine and levodopa were given together, excretion of 5-HIAA was still reduced, but that of 1,4-MeHm was normal. Levodopa may thus modify the turnover of histamine, which appears to be reduced in Parkinson's disease, and this effect may be modified by amantadine.

Amantadine↗