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Biomedical subjects

A Reid

Publications and source records attributed to A Reid.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of acute malaria on plasma concentrations of transferrin receptors.

The acute-phase response to infection alters the plasma concentrations of most biochemical measures of iron status, rendering assessment of status difficult. Soluble transferrin receptors (TfR) may be an exception but have not been examined longitudinally during the major metabolic and inflammatory changes which occur during clinical malaria. Blood samples were collected daily during hospitalization, and again at a follow-up 2-6 weeks after discharge, from adult, mainly European, patients (n = 49) who developed uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria following visits to endemic areas. Parasitaemia and plasma concentrations of ferritin, TfR, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were measured. The concentrations of CRP, AGP and ACT correlated highly (P < 0.001) with each other and with plasma ferritin, and were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at all time points in hospital compared to the follow-up. TfR concentration correlated negatively and significantly (P < 0.05) with AGP and CRP but not with ACT or ferritin, and was significantly lower (around 30%) at all time points in hospital compared to follow-up, although in only 1 subject did it ever fall outside the normal reference range. In areas where both iron deficiency and clinical episodes of malaria are common, plasma TfR values need to be interpreted cautiously as indicators of iron status.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Derivation of mouse intestinal crypts from single progenitor cells.

Adult intestinal epithelium consists of a sheet of single-cell thickness which is morphologically highly organized into tubular invaginations (crypts) and finger-like projections (villi). Proliferation of the cells is confined to the base of the crypts, from which cells migrate to the villi, where they are shed. The villi are formed during embryogenesis from a multilayered epithelium. In mice, crypts develop at about the time of birth from the epithelium between the villi, which by this stage is no longer multilayered. So far it has remained unknown how many progenitor cells contribute to each crypt, and whether they develop by the proliferation of already committed progenitors, or as a result of local inductive tissue interactions. Here, we have used mouse aggregation chimaeras as an experimental system to demonstrate immunohistochemically that the epithelium of individual crypts in small and large intestine of adult mice is always composed of cells of a single parental type. We have confirmed that this result is not an artefact of the chimaeric system by examining female mice that are mosaic for the X-linked alleles Pgk-1a and Pgk-1b. We conclude that the epithelium of each adult crypt is derived from a single progenitor cell.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gadolinium chloride toxicity in the rat.

Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intravenous injection of gadolinium chloride solution at dosages of 0 (saline vehicle), 0.07, 0.14, and 0.35 mmol/kg. Apart from 1 top-dose female, which died during dosing, 5 rats/sex/ group were necropsied 48 hr postdose, and the remaining 5 rats/sex/group were necropsied 14 days postdose. Macroscopic, hematological, and clinical chemistry analyses were undertaken on all animals that were necropsied. Histopathological examination was undertaken on all organs from high-dose and control animals necropsied 48 hr postdose and on tissues that showed treatment-related changes from all other rats necropsied either 48 hr or 14 days postdose. Major lesions related to gadolinium chloride administration consisted of mineral deposition in capillary beds (particularly lung and kidney), phagocytosis of mineral by the mononuclear phagocytic system, hepatocellular and splenic necrosis followed by dystrophic mineralization, mineralization of the fundic glandular mucosa in the absence of necrosis followed by mucous cell hyperplasia, decreased platelet numbers and increased prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis of the spleen and liver revealed electron-dense deposits in splenic macrophages, Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes composed of gadolinium, calcium, and phosphate.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time course of stomach mineralization, plasma, and urinary changes after a single intravenous administration of gadolinium(III) chloride in the male rat.

In a previous experiment it was reported that the intravenous administration of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) to rats results in a discrete band of interstitial mineralization in the fundic glandular mucosa of the stomach. To investigate the time course for the development of this lesion and its relationship to plasma calcium and phosphate concentrations, 2 experiments were carried out in male Sprague-Dawley rats given a single intravenous dose of 0.07 mmol/kg GdCl3. Plasma calcium and phosphate concentrations approximately doubled between 30 min and 12 hr postdose but had regressed back to near normal values by 24 hr. However, there were no observable clinical signs in treated animals. Histologically, there was progressive mineralization of the lamina propria of the neck region of the fundic glands from 6 hr postdose, forming a distinctive mineral band by 12 hr postdose. At 7 and 14 days postdose the mineral deposits were accompanied by mucous cell hyperplasia, interstitial fibrosis, and a very sparse infiltration of inflammatory cells. By 56 days postdose only occasional mineral deposits remained. Transmission electron microscopy showed mineral first nucleated on collagen in the interstitium, but there was no evidence of cell necrosis. X-ray microanalysis showed that the interstitial mineral was composed of calcium and phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite; gadolinium (Gd) was only very rarely identified. These findings are consistent with metastatic mineralization. The source, cause, and the exact nature of the excess plasma calcium and phosphate are unknown, and the possible significance of this effect for clinical use of Gd-containing chelates in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging requires further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The primary care research fellowship: an early assessment.

BACKGROUND: To address the continuing need for research-oriented faculty in primary care, the Bureau of Health Professions in 1988 funded 10 National Research Service Award (NRSA) Primary Care Fellowship Program grants. We report an early evaluation of these programs. METHOD: Descriptions of fellowship programs were obtained from grant proposals. Fellows with at least one year of training completed a mailed questionnaire that included both structured and open-ended items. RESULTS: All programs emphasized research and gave mentorship explicit attention. Nine offered degree programs; six offered a third year of study. Twenty-seven of 32 eligible fellows returned the survey. They reported a median of three research projects during the fellowship. Sixty percent of fellows had extramural funding; 48% submitted manuscripts for publication; and 22% had work accepted for publication. In open-ended responses, fellows emphasized the importance of mentors' guidance on projects, accessibility, and emotional support; rarely did they mention help in establishing professional networks or in securing project funding. Fellows most appreciated the collegiality and protected atmosphere of fellowship programs, although they felt that both human and material resources were less than optimal. CONCLUSIONS: Fellowship environments are generally conducive to productivity, and fellows undertake relevant primary care research. Programs should devote more attention to mentoring, especially regarding networking and obtaining funding. Funding agencies should increase support for training-related expenses in lieu of research grants that subsidize NRSA training in other specialties.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moms in jail.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcomes of a faculty development fellowship in family medicine.

This report describes a comparative evaluation of outcomes of a faculty development fellowship program in family medicine at the University of North Carolina. Rates of participation in academically oriented professional behavior are compared between family physicians who participated in the program and peers who did not. Results indicate that participation in the fellowship was associated with higher rates of membership in an academic professional association, speaking to national professional meetings, publishing in professional journals, and having research as a part of one's routine work. Program participation was also associated with higher rankings being given to research and teaching residents in contrast with physicians in a comparison group. However, all family physicians surveyed for this study reported high interest and time commitment to patient care. Results are discussed in terms of the careers of academic family physicians and faculty development programs aimed at promoting such careers.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A bio-psycho-social approach to acute hypertensive disease in pregnancy].

In this paper, the approach to the genesis of the acute hypertension of pregnancy, uses a conceptual and methodological perspective adjusted to its multifactorial nature; a set of questions with epidemiologic focus is proposed, in order to vinculate psychosocial factors with the biologic processes characteristic of this health problem.

Acute Disease↗