[Spontaneous tumors in domestic animals].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Ratto
Publications and source records attributed to A Ratto.
An analysis of the origin of metazoans, using comparisons of partial sequences of the 28S RNA, reveals an early emergence of triploblasts.
In order to study the origin of metazoans, we have compared sequences from the 5' end of the large subunit ribosomal RNA of a number of protists, fungi, plants and metazoans, including all diploblastic phyla (sequences of 10 new species have been determined, including that of the placozoan, Trichoplax adhaerens). These sequences were analyzed using distance matrix, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods, and the validity of the results was ascertained with bootstrapping and species removal or addition. Triploblasts and diploblasts formed two clearly separated monophyletic units; this divergence, which apparently preceded the diversification of diploblastic animals (i.e. the successive sponge, ctenophore, cnidarian radiations), showed a much more ancient origin of triploblasts with respect to diploblasts than classically assumed. These results do not exclude the possibility that triploblasts and diploblasts arose independently from different protists.
Animals↗
Phosphagen kinase evolution. Expression in echinoderms.
Arginine kinase and creatine kinase that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group between ATP and arginine and creatine, respectively, play an important role in cellular energetics. In contrast to most animals which exhibit a single phosphagen kinase activity (creatine kinase in chordates and arginine kinase in protostomians), echinoderms exhibit both arginine kinase and creatine kinase activities, sometimes in the same tissue. In contrast to chordates in which creatine kinases are dimers (consisting of two subunits of 40 kDa) and protostomians in which arginine kinases are usually monomers (40 kDa), echinoids contain specific phosphagen kinases: a dimeric arginine kinase (consisting of two subunits of 42 kDa) in eggs and a monomeric creatine kinase (145 kDa) in sperm. We have examined echinoderms from the five existing classes (echinoids, asteroids, ophiuroids, holothurians and crinoids) for the expression of these specific phosphagen kinases in different tissues. Gel filtration was used to determine the molecular masses of the native enzymes. Antibodies specific for arginine kinase or for creatine kinase were used to characterize the subunit composition of arginine kinase and creatine kinase after SDS/PAGE and transfer. In all echinoderms analyzed, arginine kinase always occurred as an enzyme of about 81 kDa consisting of two subunits of 42 kDa and creatine kinase as a monomeric enzyme of 140-155 kDa. The occurrence in echinoderms of both phosphagen kinases with distinct specificities and specific molecular structures is discussed from both a developmental and evolutionary point of view.
Animals↗
Purification and characterization of arginine kinase from sea-urchin eggs.
In most invertebrates, creatine kinase is replaced by arginine kinase, which catalyzes reversibly the transfer of a phosphate group between adenosine triphosphate and arginine. In sea-urchin larvae, arginine kinase only is expressed whereas in adult sea-urchins both arginine kinase and creatine kinase can be found in the same tissue. In order to study their developmental regulation and properties, we have purified arginine kinase to homogeneity from the eggs of the sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The purification involves ethanol and ammonium sulfate precipitations, followed by an anion-exchange chromatography, an affinity chromatography and a gel filtration. A 500-fold increase in specific activity leads to a specific activity of 360 IU/mg protein at 25 degrees C. Arginine kinase (pI = 5.7) is rapidly and irreversibly inactivated at 45 degrees C. Amino acid composition and Km values (2.08 mM for phospho-L-arginine and 1.25 mM for ADP) are also given. Determination of molecular mass by gel filtration and separation by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate that the enzyme is an 81-kDa dimer of two subunits of 42 kDa.
Amino Acids↗
[Force systems for correction of lower molar inclination].
The authors analyzed the uprighting movement and suggested forces system developing wished movements considering M/F ratio generated on brackets. The effects of these system on anchorage segment were evaluated. Use of concurrent or non-concurrent was analyzed in the light of their "cohernce" with treatment goals.
Adult↗
[Vertical dentobasal changes induced by the lip-bumper: clinical study].
37 patients aged between 8 and 11 years old, were treated with the application of a lip bumper in order to explore the effects on the lateral sites after 1 year of treatment. Patients were been divided into two groups, depending on age (8-9 and 10-11) subdividend depending on typology and compared with similar control group. After one year the dental basal height was measured and resulted to be 0.90 mm higher in treated patients than in the control groups.
Activator Appliances↗
[Epidemiological survey of dysphonia in school children. Preliminary findings].
In this article the Authors have performed a study on 318 students in Naples to estimate the incidence of the dysphonetic diseases in 6-12-18 years-old subjects. The investigation showed that 34.9% of examined patients revealed speech troubles; these troubles were more common in 6-years-old subjects. The dyslalies were the most common phonetic trouble (97.9%) with prevalence of sygmatism (87.9%). The Authors mean to extend the study on more large sample, although the results of the present study were significant.
Adolescent↗