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Biomedical subjects

A Ramsay

Publications and source records attributed to A Ramsay.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Giant cell lesions complicating fibro-osseous conditions of the jaws.

Three patients who presented with giant cell lesions complicating ossifying fibroma, Paget's disease, and cherubism are reported. The giant cell lesions complicating ossifying fibroma and cherubism were diagnosed as giant cell granuloma (GCG), whereas the lesion complicating Paget's disease demonstrated more aggressive clinical and histologic features. The possible therapeutic and prognostic implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Stable expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein in transfected L cells.

An SV40-based expression vector was used to generate CD4-negative murine L cell lines which stably expressed the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (env). Despite the presence of abundant intracellular envelope glycoprotein, the expression of env gp120/41 was not detected on the cell surface. Pulse-chase studies showed that the majority of the gp120 detected at the end of a 20-h chase was in the culture medium. Therefore gp120 was shed and/or secreted from these cells. Transfected L cells (H-2k) served as targets for specific lysis by CTL raised against vaccinia virus-encoded env gp160. The discrepancy in relative levels of intracellular versus surface expression of env was probably due to the highly inefficient processing of newly synthesized gp160, as well as the apparent instability of the gp120/41 complex in the transfected cell lines. Digestion of immunoprecipitated gp120 and gp160 with endoglycosidase H and peptide N-glycosidase F revealed that the envelope glycoprotein in transfected L cells possessed both high mannose and complex N-glycans, analogous to the posttranslational modification of the mature envelope glycoprotein in infected T cells. These studies indicate that the relatively inefficient processing of env gp160 occurs in the absence of CD4, and that the stable surface expression of envelope gp120/41 complex may require additional factors not present in transfected cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Parasitology: United Kingdom National Quality Assessment Scheme.

AIMS: To assess the results from parasitology laboratories taking part in a quality assessment scheme between 1986 and 1991; and to compare performance with repeat specimens. METHODS: Quality assessment of blood parasitology, including tissue parasites (n = 444; 358 UK, 86 overseas), and faecal parasitology, including extra-intestinal parasites (n = 205; 141 UK, 64 overseas), was performed. RESULTS: Overall, the standard of performance was poor. A questionnaire distributed to participants showed that a wide range of methods was used, some of which were considered inadequate to achieve reliable results. Teaching material was distributed to participants from time to time in an attempt to improve standards. CONCLUSIONS: Since the closure of the IMLS fellowship course in 1972, fewer opportunities for specialised training in parasitology are available: more training is needed. Poor performance in the detection of malarial parasites is mainly attributable to incorrect speciation, misidentification, and lack of equipment such as an eyepiece graticule.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Care of cancer patients in a home-based hospice program: a comparison of oncologists and primary care physicians.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe a group of patients cared for in a home-based hospice program and to determine if there was a difference in patients' experiences dependent on whether the attending physician was a primary care physician or an oncologist. METHODS: Information about cancer patients admitted to the Burlington Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) Hospice program from January 1986 to December 1990 was reviewed to compare the experiences of the patients of the oncologists with those of the patients of the primary care physicians. RESULTS: There was no difference in average length of stay or overall ambulatory status between the patient groups. The patient group cared for by oncologists had more hospitalizations than the group cared for by primary care physicians though there was not a significant difference in the percentage of hospital vs home deaths. There was a significant difference between the groups in the use of controlled-release morphine, with oncologists using this approach more often than primary care physicians. Oncologists also had more patients on continuous parenteral morphine infusions during hospice care. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care physicians as well as oncologists provide effective cancer care and pain control in this home-based hospice program. The hospice interdisciplinary team can be a valuable resource for physicians in supplying information on appropriate narcotics dosages and routes of administration for their dying patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The prevalence of Toxocara canis ova in soil samples from parks and gardens in the London area.

Toxocara canis is an ascarid parasite of the dog. Human infection is acquired when ova of T. canis are ingested. Parks and play areas contaminated with dog faeces are recognised as potential sources of infection. Five hundred and twenty one soil samples were examined from fifteen parks and gardens in the greater London area to establish the prevalence of soil contamination in those facilities. Samples were examined using a magnesium sulphate floatation method. T. canis ova were found in 6.3% of the samples. Positive samples were commonly found in lawns, playing fields and children's play areas. The authors believe that this may constitute a significant health risk, particularly to children.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A field evaluation of the formol-detergent method for concentrating faecal parasites.

A faecal parasite concentration method which utilizes a formalin-detergent solution has recently been described. This technique was evaluated under field conditions in the Out-Patient Department of a hospital in Northern Tanzania. Fifty faecal samples were examined by saline wet preparation and following formol-detergent concentration. Forty-one different parasite identifications were made by both techniques. Ten parasites were found only on saline wet preparation, and 20 were found only in the formol-detergent concentrate. The method necessitates a 24-h delay in sending a report, which is not justified by the small improvement in diagnostic yield. The authors believe that a modification of the technique may yet achieve acceptable results.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Histopathological changes in simian immunodeficiency virus infection.

The histological lesions were studied in seven rhesus and three cynomolgus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus for periods ranging from nine weeks to 18 months. Lymphoreticular changes included hyperplasia, follicular involution and depletion, and one animal had amyloidosis of the spleen. Hyperplastic changes also took place in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and infiltrations occurred in the vaginal mucosa of one animal, which could be significant in sexual transmission of the infection. The range of opportunistic infections was small compared with that in human AIDS patients, although two monkeys had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Enterocolitis was a common finding and brown adipose tissue was transformed into a large vacuolated type. Lesions of the central nervous system were found in five of nine monkeys, and consisted of foci of glial activity and perivascular and meningeal lymphocytic infiltration. A lymphoma involving the lumbar spinal cord developed in one animal.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1990

The general practitioner as an effective counsellor.

Counselling is a therapeutic process that takes place during structured conversations between counsellor and client. General practitioners have the opportunity to gain clinical, psychological and social insights about their patients and their patients' problems. Personal and professional preparation must be made to enhance this role.

Counseling↗
PubMed1988

Radiographs in shoulder trauma.

It is difficult to establish the diagnosis of an injured shoulder if only one radiographic projection is used. We have compared two lateral projections, the Neer trans-scapular and the apical oblique in 80 patients; the radiographs were presented randomly to 10 casualty officers and nine radiologists. The apical oblique view was found to permit more accurate diagnosis of fractures and of dislocation by both groups.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1987

Contrast nephropathy.

Preexisting renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and advanced age are risk factors for the development of contrast nephropathy after radiographic procedures in which hypertonic contrast solutions are infused. Preventive measures include careful patient selection, avoidance of volume depletion and, whenever possible, allowance of recovery time between radiographic procedures. The newer contrast agents appear to be safer than the older agents, and they provide improved radiographic detail.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

A generalized learning deficit in albino rats with early median raphe or pontine reticular formation lesions.

Recent studies suggest that lesions of the median raphe or pontine reticular formation in adult rats are associated with a nonspecific (generalized) learning impairment. The present study showed that lesions in the region of the median raphe or pontine reticular formation in 21 day old rats likewise produced a nonspecific learning impairment, as evidence by significant deficits on a visual discrimination, nonvisual incline plane discrimination, 3-cul maze, and three simple spatial problems. The finding that relatively large lateral pontomesencephalic lesions did not lead to deficient learning of any of these tasks indicates that lesion locus rather than lesion size is responsible for the production of the learning deficits observed in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of bioprosthetic mitral valve failure.

Porcine bioprosthetic heart valves have been in use for the past 13 years. Although they are superior to mechanical valves in several clinical situations, their long-term durability remains in question. The slight increase in failure rate of the bioprosthetic valve starting about six years after implantation mandates close follow-up of these patients. Since primary care physicians often provide most of the medical care to patients who have undergone heart valve replacement, it is important that they recognize the signs of bioprosthetic valve failure.

Aged↗