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Biomedical subjects

A R Volpe

Publications and source records attributed to A R Volpe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A new desensitizing dentifrice--an 8-week clinical investigation.

An 8-week, double-blind, three-way clinical trial compared the dentinal hypersensitivity-reducing effectiveness of a new dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Sensitive Maximum Strength Toothpaste, Colgate-Palmolive Co.) with a commercially available desensitizing dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Sensodyne Fresh Mint Toothpaste, Block Drug Company, Inc.) and a nondesensitizing dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Winterfresh Gel, Colgate-Palmolive Co.). One hundred nine subjects were stratified into three balanced groups according to gender, age, mean baseline tactile (Yeaple Probe), and thermal (air blast) scores. The test products were randomly assigned to each group with instructions to brush twice daily. Oral examinations with tactile and thermal assessments were repeated after 4 and 8 weeks. The new dentifrice group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in tactile and thermal sensitivity over the two control groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Comparative investigation of the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice: a 14-day clinical study.

The effect on dentinal hypersensitivity from the use of a new formulation dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Sensitive Maximum Strength Toothpaste, Colgate-Palmolive Co.) over a 14-day period was compared to a commercially available, nondesensitizing control dentifrice (Colgate Winterfresh Gel, Colgate-Palmolive Co.). A total of 66 subjects were entered into and completed the study. They were stratified into two balanced groups according to their baseline mean tactile (Yeaple Probe) sensitivity scores and air blast (thermal) sensitivity scores. The two groups were randomly assigned to use either the new formulation dentifrice or the commercially available control dentifrice. Participants were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice and a commercially available soft-bristled toothbrush. Dentinal hypersensitivity examinations (tactile and air blast sensitivity) were conducted at baseline and after 3, 7, 10, and 14 days' use of the products. All examinations were conducted by the same examiner. Participants who used the new formulation dentifrice containing potassium nitrate/stannous fluoride/silica demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in both tactile sensitivity and air blast sensitivity after 10 and 14 days' use of the dentifrice (p < 0.05), as compared to a commercially available control dentifrice. It was concluded that a new dentifrice formulation containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base provided a statistically significant reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity after only 10 days, as compared to a commercially available nondesensitizing control dentifrice.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Clinical study to compare extrinsic stain formation in subjects using three dentifrice formulations.

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of extrinsic dental stain formed with the use of three dentifrices: (1) a new dentifrice formulation containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Sensitive Maximum Strength Toothpaste, Colgate-Palmolive Co.); (2) a commercially available dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Sensodyne Fresh Mint Toothpaste, Block Drug Company, Inc.); and (3) a dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Winterfresh Gel, Colgate-Palmolive Co.). A total of 121 participants were entered into the study and stratified into 3 balanced groups according to baseline mean Lobene Stain Index scores. A thorough dental prophylaxis was completed on each participant after completion of the baseline examination. The three groups were randomly assigned to use one of the three dentifrices. The groups were well balanced with regard to mean baseline stain index scores, gender, and tobacco habits. Participants were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice and a commercially available soft-bristled toothbrush. Extrinsic dental stain examinations, which measured dental stain area and dental stain intensity, were conducted at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks. Examinations were conducted by the same dental examiner at each examination. After 4 and 8 weeks' use of the test dentifrices, there was no statistically significant difference regarding extrinsic stain formation with the use of any of the dentifrices. Thus, it can be concluded from this study that the use of a new formulation dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base will not result in a greater formation of extrinsic dental staining than that which is formed by two commercially available dentifrices not known to cause extrinsic dental stain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A randomized clinical trial of the desensitizing efficacy of three dentifrices.

The effect on dentinal hypersensitivity from the use of a new dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base (Colgate Sensitive Maximum Strength Toothpaste, Colgate-Palmolive Co.) over an 8-week period was compared to a commercially available dentifrice containing 5.0% potassium nitrate and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (positive control [Sensodyne Fresh Mint Toothpaste, Block Drug Company, Inc.]) and to a commercially available nondesensitizing dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (negative control [Colgate Winterfresh Gel, Colgate-Palmolive Co.]). A total of 120 participants were stratified into 3 balanced groups according to baseline mean air blast (thermal) and tactile (Yeaple Probe) sensitivity scores, gender, and age. Participants brushed their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute. Dentinal hypersensitivity examinations were conducted at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks by the same dental examiner. After 4- and 8-weeks' use of their assigned products, participants in the new dentifrice group demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in tactile and air blast sensitivity, as compared to those using the positive and negative control dentifrices.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of gingivitis and plaque efficacy of a battery-powered toothbrush and an ADA-provided manual toothbrush.

This examiner-blind clinical study evaluated the efficacy of a new battery-powered toothbrush with oscillating head (Colgate Actibrush) on established gingivitis and plaque at 15 days and again at 30 days, as compared to a control manual toothbrush (American Dental Association [ADA]-provided toothbrush, full head, soft bristles). A total of 63 participants completed the study. They were stratified into two balanced groups according to their mean baseline prebrushing plaque scores and were randomly assigned to use the battery-powered test toothbrush or the manual control toothbrush. Participants were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (mornings and evenings) for 1 minute with their assigned toothbrush for the 30-day duration of the study. Gingivitis and plaque (pre- and postbrushing) examinations were conducted by the same dental examiner at baseline, after 15 days, and again after 30 days. The Colgate Actibrush demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of plaque (46.53%) and gingivitis (18.57%) when compared to the ADA-provided toothbrush after 30 days of use. Additionally, a comparison of the plaque scores for the battery-powered toothbrush at 15 and 30 days shows a continued reduction in plaque of more than 25% for a cumulative difference from baseline of 73%. These results support the conclusion that the new battery-powered toothbrush is clinically superior in plaque removal efficacy and gingivitis efficacy to the manual toothbrush, and continues to significantly improve plaque scores even up to 30 days of use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Comparative efficacy of the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush vs Oral-B CrossAction toothbrush on established plaque and gingivitis: a 6-week clinical study.

The objective of this clinical program was to compare the efficacy of the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush and the Oral-B CrossAction Toothbrush (full head, soft bristle) for the control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis. Two independent clinical studies were conducted: Study 1 (repeated 3 times) was a single-use, examiner-blind clinical study designed to measure the removal of plaque after 24 hours of no oral hygiene. Study 2 was a definitive 6-week, examiner-blind clinical study designed to determine plaque and gingivitis efficacy at 3 and 6 weeks. Sixty-one men and women, who had refrained from using oral hygiene procedures for 24 hours, were entered into the study and stratified into 2 balanced groups according to baseline (prebrushing) plaque and gingivitis scores. For Study 1, Modified Navy Plaque Index (Rustogi Refinement) scores were obtained prebrushing and after a 1-minute supervised brushing with the assigned toothbrush and a commercially available toothpaste. On 3 separate occasions, after 24 hours of no oral hygiene, the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush removed significantly more plaque than did the CrossAction Toothbrush. For Study 2, subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily for 1 minute with the assigned toothbrush. Plaque Index scores and Löe-Silness Gingival Index scores were assessed after 3 and 6 weeks. At the 6-week examination, the group using the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush exhibited a statistically significant reduction in both supragingival plaque and gingivitis, compared with the group that used the CrossAction Toothbrush. The results of these clinical studies support the conclusion that the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush is clinically superior for the control of both supragingival plaque and gingivitis, as compared with the Oral-B CrossAction manual toothbrush.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effectiveness of a battery-powered toothbrush on plaque removal: comparison with four manual toothbrushes.

The objective of these four clinical studies was to evaluate the efficacy of the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush in comparison with four top-selling manual European toothbrushes (Dr. Best Flex Toothbrush [Germany]; Reach Triple Action Ultra Clean Toothbrush [Germany]; Jordan Multi-Action Toothbrush [Norway]; and Sanogyl Systeme In'Side Double Action Toothbrush [France]) for plaque removal. Each clinical study used a single-use, examiner-blind design in which the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush was compared with one of the 4 manual toothbrushes for removal of plaque in adult subjects after 24 hours of no oral hygiene. Supragingival plaque formation was assessed prebrushing and after a 1-minute supervised brushing with either the battery-powered toothbrush or 1 of the manual toothbrushes. After 24 hours of no oral hygiene, Colgate Actibrush removed statistically significantly more plaque than did all 4 of the manual toothbrushes. The results of these clinical studies support the conclusion that Colgate Actibrush is clinically superior for the control of supragingival plaque, compared with the leading selling European manual toothbrushes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Comparative efficacy of a new battery-powered toothbrush and an electric toothbrush on plaque removal.

This single-use, examiner-blind clinical study evaluated the plaque-removal efficacy of a new, battery-powered toothbrush (Colgate Actibrush) compared to a commercially available electric toothbrush (Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover) after 24 hours of no oral hygiene. Adult men and women reported to the clinical facility having refrained from oral hygiene procedures for 24 hours, and were stratified into 2 balanced groups according to plaque (prebrushing) scores. Participants then brushed their teeth for 1 minute, under supervision, with their assigned toothbrush and a commercially available toothpaste (Colgate Cavity Protection Great Regular Flavor Fluoride Toothpaste) and again were evaluated for supragingival plaque (postbrushing). The same dental examiner conducted the prebrushing and postbrushing plaque examinations. The study found no statistically significant difference in plaque removal between the group using the battery-powered toothbrush and the group using the electric toothbrush. Both power toothbrushes were found clinically to be equally effective with regard to the removal of 24-hour plaque accumulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Comparative efficacy of Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush and Colgate Plus (manual) toothbrush on established plaque and gingivitis: a 30-day clinical study in New Jersey.

The objective of this 30-day clinical study, conducted in harmony with American Dental Association guidelines, was to evaluate the efficacy of a new battery-powered toothbrush (Colgate Actibrush) relative to a manual toothbrush (Colgate Plus Diamond Head Toothbrush, Full Head, Soft Bristle) in the control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis. A total of 110 adult men and women from the Northern New Jersey area were entered into the study and stratified into 2 balanced groups according to baseline plaque and gingivitis scores. Participants were instructed to brush twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute with their assigned toothbrush and a commercially available toothpaste (Colgate Cavity Protection Great Regular Flavor Fluoride Toothpaste). Examinations for plaque and gingivitis were conducted by the same dental examiner at baseline, after 15 days, and again after 30 days of product use. All 110 participants complied with the protocol and completed the 30-day clinical study. At the 30-day examinations, the group using the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush exhibited a statistically significant greater reduction in plaque (26.7%) and in gingivitis (25.8%) than did the group who used the Colgate Plus Diamond Head Toothbrush. The results of this 30-day clinical study support the conclusion that the Colgate Actibrush battery-powered toothbrush provides a clinically superior level of efficacy for the control of supragingival plaque and for the control of gingivitis when compared with a manual toothbrush.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Comparative efficacy on supragingival plaque and gingivitis of a manual toothbrush (Colgate Plus) and a battery-powered toothbrush (Colgate Actibrush) over a 30-day period.

This clinical study compared the effect of Colgate Actibrush, a battery-powered toothbrush, and Colgate Plus Diamond Head, a full-head, soft-bristled manual toothbrush, on established supragingival plaque and gingivitis over a 30-day period. Sixty-two healthy adult men and women were entered in the study. The subjects were stratified into two balanced groups according to their mean baseline plaque and gingivitis scores. Each group was randomly assigned to the use of one of the two toothbrushes. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth at home twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute with their assigned toothbrush and a commercially available tooth-paste for the 30-day duration of the study. Gingivitis and plaque examinations, as well as a soft-tissue evaluation, were conducted by the same dental examiner at baseline and after 15 and 30 days of toothbrush use. Plaque and gingivitis scores were reduced significantly from baseline after the use of both toothbrushes for 30 days. However, improvement in both supragingival plaque and gingivitis scores was significantly greater in the group using Colgate Actibrush. In conclusion, although both toothbrushes provided a significant plaque and gingivitis benefit when used as part of a normal oral hygiene regimen, the efficacy of the Colgate Actibrush was demonstrated to be superior to that of the Colgate Plus Toothbrush after 30 days of use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Further hypotensive metabolites from Verbesina caracasana.

After the isolation of caracasanamide and caracasandiamide, further hypotensive components of Verbesina caracasana were shown to be N3-prenylagmatine, N1-3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoylagmatine, agmatine and galegin (prenylguanidine). The structures were assigned on the basis of the spectral data of both metabolites and products from their alkaline hydrolyses. A pharmacological analysis of these products is also presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Kininergic system and arterial hypertension following chronic exposure to inorganic lead.

Rats were exposed for 10 months to 60 ppm of Pb (as acetate) in drinking water. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cardiac inotropism were increased by the metal, which reduced arterial blood flow and unaffected heart rate. The activities of plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and kininase II were strongly augmented by Pb, suggesting markedly increased and decreased levels of plasma angiotensin II and bradykinin, respectively. Moreover, the Pb-exposed rats showed a lower increase of the plasma kallikrein and kininase I activities. These results are discussed in the context of the complex relationships linking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA), kallikrein-kinin and other autacoidal, neurohumoral (e.g., catecholaminergic) and transductional systems (e.g., nitric oxide (NO)). Pb was confirmed to induce arterial hypertension and cardiovascular alterations at plasma levels similar to those observed in the general population or in subjects with short occupational exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Regulatory role of bradykinin in the coronary and cerebral circulations and in systemic hemodynamics.

Bradykinin (BK) increased carotid blood flow (CBF) and jugular nitric oxide (NO) levels when administered into the common carotid artery of rabbits, and potentiated selectively, when infused together with histamine (HIST) or serotonin (5-HT), their effects on both CBF and jugular NO levels (but not vice versa). Such a potentiation was prevented and reversed only by nitroarginine or 1,10-phenanthroline (PHE) (which also reduced basal jugular NO levels) and did not involve the BK1 or BK2 receptors. Either HIST or 5-HT potentiated (likely involving the H1 and 5-HT2 receptors, respectively) the activating effect of BK on kininase I (K1), thus increasing the availability of L-arginine for the synthesis of NO. In patients with migraine, venous NO and K1 activity were higher during HIST desensitization than in basal conditions; moreover, HIST reduced the activities of prekallikrein (pre-KAL), kallikrein (KAL) and kininase II (K2) in the venous blood of these patients, in which the intensity of pain was related to the levels of plasma NO, and the administration into the humeral artery during circulatory arrest of BK alone (but not HIST) or BK and HIST together caused a strong pain attack. BK was confirmed to interact selectively with other autacoids in regulating systemic and local hemodynamics through the system of NO.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1999

Novel hypotensive agents from Verbesina caracasana. 6. Synthesis and pharmacology of caracasandiamide.

Caracasandiamide, a second hypotensive agent isolated from Verbesina caracasana, is the cyclobutane dimer (truxinic type) of the previously reported 1-[(3, 4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)amino]-4-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)guanidino]butane (caracasanamide) (Delle Monache, G.; et al. BioMed. Chem. Lett. 1992, 25, 415-418). The structure was confirmed by synthesis starting from beta-truxinic acid obtained by photoaddition of 3, 4-dimethoxycinnamic acid. The dimer was coupled with 2 mol of prenylagmatine to give caracasandiamide in satisfactory yield. By contrast, the direct photodimerization of caracasanamide was unsuccessful. Caracasandiamide, assayed by the iv route in anesthetized rats at doses ranging from 50 to 3200 microgram/kg of body weight, was found to have no appreciable effect on heart rate. At lower doses, the drug stimulates breathing and increases cardiac inotropism, stroke volume, and cardiac output, thus augmenting blood pressure and aortic flow. At higher doses, caracasandiamide depresses breathing likely through central neurogenic mechanisms (not involved in the cardiovascular effects), continues to stimulate cardiac inotropism, and induces, by reducing peripheral vascular resistance, arterial hypotension with reduction of both aortic flow and stroke volume. These cardiovascular effects appear to involve complex interactions at the level of the peripheral beta(1)-, beta(2)-, and alpha(2)-adrenoreceptor-dependent as well as M(2)- and M(4)-cholinergic receptor-dependent transductional pathways both in cardiovascular myocells and at the level of the postganglionic sympathetic endings (with reserpine- and guanethidine-like mechanisms). The cardiovascular effects of caracasandiamide, different from those of caracasanamide, do not depend on significant actions on the central nervous system and on baroreflex pathways. In a similar manner and more effective than caracasanamide, caracasandiamide may be considered a hypotensive and antihypertensive drug. It is devoid of some of the negative side effects, e.g., reflex tachycardia and decreased cardiac inotropism, which are shown by the majority of the most common antihypertensive and vasodilator drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The effect of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on healing after non-surgical treatment of recurrent periodontitis.

The present study examined whether the daily use of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice enhanced healing following non-surgical periodontal therapy at sites with progressive attachment loss in periodontitis-susceptible subjects: 60 subjects who had been (i) treated for advanced periodontal disease using nonsurgical means and (ii) had been enrolled, for at least 3-5 years, in a maintenance care program that called for prophylaxis once every 3 months. During the course of this maintenance period, all 60 subjects had suffered recurrent periodontitis at > or = 2 sites at several intervals. Following a baseline examination, all 60 subjects received, on an individual basis, detailed instruction in proper self-performed plaque control methods. They were stratified in 2 balanced groups (test and control groups). The members of the test group were assigned to use a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride-containing dentifrice, while the control group used a placebo dentifrice. During the following 3 years, all participants were recalled every 3 months for an evaluation of their oral hygiene standard. Re-examinations were performed after 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. In conjunction with the re-examinations, sites (loser sites) which exhibited additional probing attachment loss (> or = 2 mm) were identified. The loser sites were exposed to professional therapy. Thus, the site was anaesthetized and the surface carefully scaled and root planed (S/RP). Alterations regarding probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL), and bleeding on probing (BoP) that occurred in the interval between S/RP and 36 months were analyzed. In the control group, 126 loser sites, 67 identified at the 12-month and 59 at the 24-month examinations, were subjected to S/RP. The corresponding number of loser sites in the test group was 85 (48 at 12 months and 37 at 24 months). At the time of S/RP, about 60% of the sites were BoP (+) in both groups. Following treatment, there was a reduction in the number of sites with gingivitis. While the reduction in the control group was modest (6.8%), in the test group, the improvement was more marked (27.5%). Following S/RP, there was also a reduction of the mean PPD in both groups. This decrease amounted to 1.7 mm in the test group and was significantly (p<0.05) smaller (0.6 mm) in the control. Finally in the interval between S/RP and 36 months, there was an improvement of the probing attachment level in both groups. The mean PAL gain was, however, significantly higher in the test than in the control group (1.8 mm versus 0.7 mm; p<0.01).

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1999

Gingiva, teeth and sea salt.

This article presents a review of the effects of sea salt on gingival tissues. The beneficial effects of sea salt are described.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed1999

A six-week clinical efficacy study of a tooth whitening tartar control dentifrice for the removal of extrinsic tooth stain.

The objective of this double-blind clinical study was to investigate the tooth whitening efficacy of a new commercially available calculus-inhibiting dentifrice (Colgate Tartar Control Plus Whitening Fluoride dentifrice) containing tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and PVM/MA copolymer in a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica base (test dentifrice), compared to a commercially available, non-tooth whitening dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (control dentifrice). Following a baseline examination for, extrinsic tooth stain, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Manchester, United Kingdom area were randomized into two treatment groups which were balanced for gender, age and level of extrinsic tooth stain. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for one minute with their assigned dentifrice using a soft-bristled toothbrush. Examinations for extrinsic tooth stain were repeated after six weeks' use of the study dentifrices. Seventy-nine(79) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At the six-week examination, subjects assigned to the test dentifrice treatment group exhibited statistically significant reductions of over 40% with respect to both extrinsic tooth stain area and extrinsic tooth stain intensity relative to those subjects assigned to the control dentifrice treatment group.

Adult↗