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Biomedical subjects

A R Turner

Publications and source records attributed to A R Turner.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Management of nonseminomatous testicular cancer--a total community experience.

Reports have been made in important advances in the therapy of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors from specialized cancer therapy centers that treat a selected referred patient population. We herein examine the impact of these improvements on the total community of a large geographic area. Using the facilities of a comprehensive cancer registry and standardizing the treatment of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors from 1976 to the present, we have shown that there has been a marked improvement in the over-all survival of patients with these tumors in northern Alberta. During the 4-year interval the survival rates were 100 per cent for patients with stage I, 93 per cent for those with stage II and 83 per cent for those with stage III tumor. The over-all survival rate for patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors in this community presently is comparable to that of patients with pure seminomas. We have shown that aggressive, multidisciplinary treatment, developed in specialized centers, can significantly improve the outlook for all patients with nonseminomatous germ call tumors in a defined community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effect of lithium on the myelosuppressive and chemotherapeutic activities of vinblastine.

Serum concentrations of lithium after i.p. administration to normal mice declined with biphasic kinetics. Treatment of mice bearing ascitic L1210 leukemia with lithium resulted in a modest protection against the myelosuppressive effects of vinblastine. Lithium as a single agent was without effect on the survival times of mice bearing either the L1210 or P388 leukemia. Similarly, there was no evidence of significant antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity when cultured L1210 leukemia and murine neuroblastoma cells were exposed to lithium at levels comparable to those observed in the serum of lithium-treated mice. The therapeutic activity of vinblastine against the L1210 and P388 leukemias was not significantly altered by either simultaneous or subsequent administration of lithium. Lithium did not antagonize the antiproliferative or cytotoxic action of vinblastine against L1210 leukemia or murine neuroblastoma cells and was without effect in experiments with neuroblastoma cells that assessed vinblastine inhibition of a biological function dependent on formation of cytoplasmic microtubules (neurite formation induced by serum deprivation). The results obtained suggest that administration of lithium to reduce myelosuppression is not likely to counteract the tumoricidal activity of vinblastine.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Granulocytic colonies on macrophage-coated cellulose acetate membranes (CAM) in S1/S1dmice.

The kinetics of formation of granulocytic colonies on macrophage-coated cellulose acetate membranes (CAM) were investigated in Sl/Sld mice, which have a genetic defect in their hematopoietic microenvironment. CAM were left in the peritoneal cavity of mice for 7 days to become coated with peritoneal cells. The mice were then sublethally irradiated to suppress endogenously derived granulocytic colonies, and bone marrow cells were injected i.p. within 1--2 hr irradiation. During the next 7 days, peroxidase-positive granulocytic colonies appeared on CAM. The number of colonies on CAM in Sl/Sld mice at 7 days was consistently less than that from littermate +/+ mice. Since it appeared that the CAM in the Sl/Sld provided an inferior microenvironment to that of the +/+, the effect of raising a CAM in one genotype and transferring it to another was investigated. CAM raised in +/+ or in Sl/Sld were transferred to an irradiated +/+ or Sl/Sld following which cells were injected into the secondary host and colonies determined subsequently. The number of granulocytic colonies on CAM was influenced primarily by the type of secondary host. Colony number was consistently less in the secondary Sl/Sld host than in the +/+ host whether the primary host was a Sl/Sld or a +/+. These observations confirm the concept of a microenvironmental defect in Sl/Sld mice. In addition, the studies indicate that the microenvironment on a CAM can be modified by a secondary host and suggest that "remodeling" of CAM may be a continuous, kinetic process.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Granulocytic colonies on macrophage-coated membranes.

A macrophage cell coating covering a cellulose acetate disk was an effective microenvironment for the production of peroxidase-positive hematopoietic colonies. These developed after intraperitoneal injection of marrow cells with a linear cell relationship of dose to colonies formed. One colony formed for every 2,000 nucleated marrow cells injected. Observation of colony formation daily showed a steady increase in number and size until seven days after cell inoculation. X-irradiation (400 rads) eliminated intrinsic colony formation in BALB/c mice. Irradiation of the donor of the ip marrow cells resulted in a d0 of 95 rads. Treatment of the marrow donor with cytosine arabinoside had a suppressive effect on colony formation as did treatment of the host animal after receipt of the ip marrow. These results indicate that the precursor of the granulocytic colonies seen in the macrophage layers are more similar to committed granulocytic precursors than to the pluripotential stem cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Vincristine (NSC-67574), cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878), 6 thioguanine (NSC-752) and daunorubicin (NSC-82151) (VAT-D): a pilot study of combination chemotherapy for remission induction in acute myeloid leukemia in adults.

Fifteen newly diagnosed unselected adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were treated in a pilot study of the combination of vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, and daunorubicin (VAT-D) for remission induction therapy. Eleven of fifteen (75%) achieved a remission bone marrow. Median duration of remission was seven months in all responders (11 patients). The 11 patients achieving initial remission reached a median survival of 14 months. Twelve of seventeen attempts at reinduction of remission with VAT-D were successful. The total amount of daunorubicin required for induction was less than that required in the majority of reported acute leukemia treatment regimens utilizing daunorubicin.

Adolescent↗