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Biomedical subjects

A R Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to A R Taylor.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Disposition, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of 14C-fotemustine in cancer patients.

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of intravenously infused 14C-fotemustine (about 100 mg/m2) were examined in 2 cancer patients. Plasma levels of radioactivity increased to a maximum of 4.1 and 5.5 micrograms equivalents per g when the infusion stopped then declined triexponentially with mean half-lives of about 1/2, 10 and 80 h for the initial, mid and terminal phases, respectively. Plasma levels of intact drug were lower, with maximum levels of 1.1 and 2.8 micrograms/ml, and declined monophasically with a half-life of about 24 min. Plasma clearance was high (1426 and 764 ml/min) with the volume of distribution based on areas of 47.7 and 26.4 l. Most of the radioactivity was eliminated in urine (50.1 and 61.3%) over 7 days with smaller amounts in the feces (6.8 and 0.3%) and only minimal quantities (under 0.1%) as expired carbon dioxide. Metabolites of fotemustine were identified as chloroethanol and N-nitroso-1-imidazolone-ethyl-diethylphosphonate in plasma and as 1-hydantoin-ethyl-diethyl-phosphonate and acetic acid in urine.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Elbow synovectomy and excision of the radial head in rheumatoid arthritis: a short term palliative procedure.

We present the results of synovectomy and excision of the radial head in 65 elbows affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Eighty-four percent of elbows had good pain relief 6 months after operation but after an average of 5 years only 54% remained relatively pain-free. Range of motion remained the same or improved in the majority of patients. Synovitis occurred in 39% of elbows during the followup period and intraarticular steroid injections were frequently given. This undoubtedly modified results of pain relief that might have been attributed to the operation. Destructive changes in the humeroulnar joint were considered the main cause of elbow pain at the time of review.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

The social adaptation of mainstreamed mildly retarded children.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the social adaptation of mainstreamed mildly retarded children, comparing them to a matched sample of regular education students. Results indicated that mildly retarded children were quite rejected by their peers, and, compared to nonretarded classmates, they reported significantly more dissatisfaction and anxiety about their peer relations. With respect to behavioral style, there were no group differences in peer- or teacher-reported aggressiveness or disruptiveness. However, retarded children were perceived as more shy and avoidant, as less cooperative, and as less likely to exhibit leadership skills. Further analysis of the behavioral assessment data, via cluster analysis, revealed 2 subtypes of rejected retarded children: an internalizing group perceived as displaying high levels of shy/avoidant behavior and an externalizing group perceived as high in aggressive and/or disruptive behavior. In addition, the internalizing group reported higher social anxiety than did the externalizing group. Implications for school-based intervention research with mildly retarded children are discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

Interaction of the recA protein of Escherichia coli with single-stranded DNA.

The interaction of recA protein with single-stranded (ss) phi X174 DNA has been examined by means of a nuclease protection assay. The stoichiometry of protection was found to be 1 recA monomer/approximately 4 nucleotides of ssDNA both in the absence of a nucleotide cofactor and in the presence of ATP. In contrast, in the presence of adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S) the stoichiometry was 1 recA monomer/approximately 8 nucleotides. No protection was seen with ADP. In the absence of a nucleotide cofactor, the binding of recA protein to ssDNA was quite stable as judged by equilibration with a challenge DNA (t1/2 approximately 30 min). Addition of ATP stimulated this transfer (t1/2 approximately 3 min) as did ADP (t1/2 approximately 0.2 min). ATP gamma S greatly reduced the rate of equilibration (t1/2 greater than 12 h). Direct visualization of recA X ssDNA complexes at subsaturating recA protein concentrations using electron microscopy revealed individual ssDNA molecules partially covered with recA protein which were converted to highly condensed networks upon addition of ATP gamma S. These results have led to a general model for the interaction of recA protein with ssDNA.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Simple external fixation of open and complicated fractures.

Thirty patients were managed with the use of a simple means of external fixation. Ten of these patients had multiple injuries. In 18 the fractures were open. Five cases had loss of bone length and infected wounds when first seen and were treated with the aid of microvascular surgical procedures. Eight cases required skin grafting. One case required a vein graft to the popliteal artery. The method described is simple to use. It requires little previous experience and is cost effective. We recommend its use in the initial treatment of grade 2 and 3 open fractures. It may also be used on closed unstable fractures, and will maintain limb length in severe injuries with loss of bone substance while further treatment is considered or performed.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1983

Identification of nonmitochondrial creatine kinase enzymatic activity in isolated sea urchin mitotic apparatus.

ATP-dependent calcium sequestration was previously localized in vesicles of mitotic apparatus isolated from sea urchins. We now demonstrate that the mitotic apparatus contains an ATP-regenerative system characterized as creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2). Mitotic apparatus isolated with vesicles intact converted ADP to ATP if phosphocreatine was present. Omission of ADP or phosphocreatine gave negligible ATP. When mitotic apparatus were washed with detergent-containing buffer to remove vesicles, their ability to produce ATP from ADP and phosphocreatine was reduced. Assays of creatine kinase activity using NADP+:glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase indicated that 70% of the creatine kinase activity was extractable with 0.5% Triton X-100. The insoluble residue containing the skeleton of the mitotic apparatus had the rest of the activity. Experiments with a luciferin/luciferase assay showed that Triton removed above 82% of the activity. Preparations of intact mitotic apparatus were free of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity and therefore free of mitochondria. About 10(8) mitotic apparatus (total volume about 1 liter) could produce 17 mmol of ATP/min when substrates were not limiting. The creatine kinase enzyme activity described herein and the previously described membrane vesicular calcium sequestration system are nonmitochondrial, integral constituents of the sea urchin mitotic apparatus.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1980

External fixation of fractures: a simple method.

A simple and versatile method for external fixation of fractures of long bones is described. The method was first used in 1976 in a successful attempt to save a limb which had sustained a severe comminuted fracture of the tibia with vascular impairment.

Femoral Fractures↗
PubMed1979

Photolytic decomposition of indapamide.

Photolytic decomposition of indapamide (I) in nitrogen-flushed methanol yields 3-sulfamoyl-4-chlorobenzamide (II), 2-methylindoline (III), semicarbazide (IV), and 1-(N-formamido)-2-methylindoline (V); in oxygen-flushed methanol, II--V, 1-aminocarboxymethyl-2-methylindoline (VI), 3-sulfamoyl-4-chlorobenzoic acid (VII), methyl-3-sulfamoyl-4-chlorobenzoate (VIII), and 2-(N-acetamido)-benzoic acid (IX) are formed. A comparison is made with thermal decomposition of I.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Potential hazard of methylene blue.

The administration of methylene blue to assist the identification of insulin secreting pancreatic adenomata, during surgery in a patient with normal haemoglobin and red cells, was associated with an increase in the methaemoglobin concentration from 0.6% to 7.1%. In patients with unstable haemoglobins or abnormalities of the hexose monophosphate pathway the administration of large amounts of methylene blue is potentially dangerous.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Arthroplasty of the hip in ankylosing spondylitis.

In fifty-six patients with ankylosing spondylitis three types of arthroplasty had been performed in ninety-nine hips. Forty-one of the patients were men and fifteen were women, their average age at operation being forty-two years. Primary pseudarthrosis produced well-satisfied patients, but only a fair result in five hips, whereas cup arthroplasty resulted in a poor outcome for eight hips, all of which needed revision. Total replacement of eighty-six hips, however, led to 73 per cent being graded as good or excellent up to ten years later. The main complications were deep infection of five hips, para-articular ossification around nine hips (six leading to bony ankylosis), and fibrous ankylosis of six hips.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Excision of the head of the radius in rheumatoid arthritis.

The results of excision of the head of the radius in forty-four elbows affected by rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Relief of pain was obtained in 90 per cent and an increase in the range of flexion and extension was seen in 70 per cent. Involvement of the humero-ulnar joint seen radiologically is no contra-indication to the operation; simple excision of the radial head often gives gratifying results; In our experience the relief of pain and increased range of movement have greatly reduced the need for total replacement arthroplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Obituary notices.

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History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1975

Effects of structural variation in beta-monoglycerides and other lipids on ordering in synthetic membranes.

Studies of beta-monoglyceride multilayers were carried out using a variety of spin probes. Effects of variables such as chain length, unsaturation, and branching on organization of acyl chains in lipids of model membranes were assessed. In addition, effects of added cholesterol on membrane order were determined. Results indicated that pure beta-monolaurin yields highly ordered films, whereas, unsaturated glycerides such as beta-monoolein, beta-monolinolein, and analogous lecithins yield fluid films. Branched monoglycerides behaved similarly to beta-monoolein, suggesting that branching in acyl chains is an effective substitute for unsaturation in maintaining membrane integrity. Multilayers of beta-monoglycerides exhibited similar properties to those of more complex lipids such as phospholipids. beta-Monoglycerides, by virtue of the presence of a single acyl chain, provided a relatively simple and effective alternative to the use of phospholipids in studies of membrane architecture.

Binding Sites↗