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Biomedical subjects

A R Mackenzie

Publications and source records attributed to A R Mackenzie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Influence of anaesthesia on blood loss in transurethral prostatectomy.

In this study operative blood loss was measured in 177 transurethral prostatectomies performed over a six-year period in one hospital by the author. A comparison was made relative to type of anaesthesia used i.e. general inhalation versus spinal anaesthesia. The two groups were similar in age and physical condition. Their prostates were almost the same size and there was negligible difference in the rate of resection between the two groups. Mean loss and median loss in 113 patients given general anaesthesia were 66.6 and 29.9 ml. In 64 patients who had spinal anaesthesia these losses were 35.6 and 22.2 ml respectively. The findings are in agreement with two of the three previous studies devoted to the relationship between operative blood loss during transurethral prostatectomy and the type of anaesthesia used.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Investigations into the membrane associated IL-1 like activity on mouse macrophages.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression of membrane IL-1 (mIL-1) in mouse macrophages. Membrane IL-1 activity was measured on paraformaldehyde fixed peritoneal macrophages using EL4 6.1 lymphocyte cell line. Acid washing prior to fixation did not remove the mIL-1 activity, indicating that mIL-1 is an integral part of the membrane. Adherence to tissue culture plastic plates was found to be a potent inducer of mIL-1 activity in both resident and C. parvum activated macrophages. Dexamethasone reduced mIL-1 activity induced in vivo by C. parvum and also that induced by adherence in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Campylobacter hyointestinalis-associated enteritis in Moluccan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis subsp. Moluccensis).

A morphological and bacteriological study on a Campylobacter hyointestinalis-associated enteritis in adult Moluccan rusa deer is described. Necropsied deer were 2 to 2.5 years of age and had been scouring for 1 to 2 months. There was distension of the ileum and excessive corrugation of the mucosa. Microscopic lesions in the small intestine were confined to the ileum. Stunting and fusion of villi, patchy erosion of epithelium and a predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate were features. The inflammatory reaction in caecum and colon was much less severe. Light and scanning electron-microscopical examination of small and large intestine showed large numbers of Gram-negative curved rods colonizing surface mucus and moderate numbers in close association with gland epithelium. No salmonellae or other enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated on aerobically-incubated media. C. hyointestinalis was isolated from the faeces, ileum, caecum, colon and mesenteric lymph nodes from 2 cases and one farm-collected faecal sample.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Operative blood loss in transurethral prostatectomy.

Operative blood loss was measured in 62 transurethral prostatectomies performed with a continuous irrigation suction resectoscope. Although blood loss per minute is comparable to levels in earlier studies the rapidity with which resection can be accomplished results in a marked reduction in operative blood loss.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Differential suppression of experimental allergic diseases in rats infected with trypanosomes.

PVG/c rats, infected 3 days previously with 10(3) Trypanosoma brucei brucei S.42 organisms failed to develop adjuvant disease in response to an intradermal inoculation of mycobacterial adjuvant. By contrast, similarly infected rats, immunized with heterologous brain and spinal cord in Freund's complete adjuvant with pertussis vaccine as a secondary adjuvant, developed clinical signs of allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) at least as severe as those in uninfected rats. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to PPD were depressed in trypanosome-infected, adjuvant-injected rats, as were the reactions to myelin basic protein in infected rats developing EAE. There appeared to be no cross-reactivity between trypanosomal antigen and myelin basic protein which could account for the lack of suppression of EAE. It is suggested that the different extent to which autoimmunity is involved in these two experimental allergic diseases may account for the differential suppressive activity of trypanosome infections upon them.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Suppression of rat adjuvant disease by cyclophosphamide pretreatment: evidence for an antibody mediated component in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Cyclophosphamide (Cy), given intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg per kg body weight 3 days before adjuvant, was found to abolish the development of adjuvant disease in the PVG/c rat. This treatment, however, enhanced the delayed hypersensitivity responses to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) developed by these animals. Lower doses of Cy caused a partial inhibition of arthritis which was dose-related. When the time between giving Cy and the injection of adjuvant was increased, a gradual time-dependent recovery of the response was observed. The arthritic response was restored by the passive transfer of 7.6 x 10(7) to 1.5 x 10(8) normal syngeneic spleen cells, although the development of secondary lesions was delayed by 7-14 days. The response could also be restored by the transfer of small amounts of serum from arthritic, but not normal, rats. Large amounts of serum failed to restore the response. Additional evidence that pretreatment with Cy preferentially depleted the B lymphocytes was obtained by the histological examination of the lymphoid tissue. It was also shown that the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was abolished by Cy, but that skin allograft rejection was unaffected. A partial inhibition of the acute inflammatory reaction to carrageenan was observed 3 days after giving Cy. It is suggested that the pathogenesis of adjuvant arthritis involves an immune complex-mediated phase, whihc initiates the joint lesions. Once these lesions have formed, cell-mediated immune mechanisms predominate in the development of the disease. It is not known whether the persistence of immune complexes is necessary to maintain the lesions.

Animals↗