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Biomedical subjects

A R Lang

Publications and source records attributed to A R Lang.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Beverage preference, beverage type and subject gender as determinants of alcohol consumption in the laboratory.

Effects of beverage preference, beverage type and subject gender on ad libitum consumption of alcoholic beverages in the laboratory were evaluated. Undergraduate social drinkers (18 male, 18 female), with equal numbers of each gender stating a preference for beer, wine or mixed drinks, were selected. Subjects participated in three separate 30-minute ad lib drinking sessions and were presented with one of the three types of alcoholic beverage at each session. Data on total volume of beverage and of absolute ethanol consumed as well as blood alcohol concentration (BAC) attained were collected in each session. Subjects preferring wine or mixed drinks drank more alcohol and reached higher BACs when imbibing their beverage of choice than when drinking non-preferred beverages. Subjects preferring beer, however, showed no differences on these drinking measures as a function of beverage type. Men's reports of routine alcohol use had a high positive correlation with actual alcohol consumption observed in the laboratory, whereas for female subjects the correlation was near zero. Implications for interpretation of past ad lib drinking studies and the planning of future ones are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Disturbances in sexual role performance of chronic alcoholics: an analysis using Roy's adaptation model.

Scientific evidence that sheds light on the disturbances in sexual role performance experienced by chronic alcoholics is discussed within the framework of Roy's adaptation model of nursing. The multiple etiologic factors contributing to disturbed sexual role performance are identified within each adaptation mode, with emphasis on the interrelationships between them. Nursing diagnoses are then suggested.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol use and sexual arousal research: application of the health belief model.

This article summarizes research findings related to alcohol use and sexual responsiveness within the framework of Becker's health belief model. Application is discussed in relation to the health care practitioner concerned with interventions for preventing alcohol abuse and promoting sexual health. Particular emphasis is given to clients in late adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Levels of adult alcohol consumption induced by interactions with child confederates exhibiting normal versus externalizing behaviors.

Investigated levels of distress and alcohol consumption in Ss interacting with problematic vs non-problematic child confederates. Social drinkers were randomly assigned to interact with boys trained to enact behaviors characteristic of either normal or attention-deficit disorder/conduct disorder (ADD/CD) children. Mood data were collected before and after the interaction. Ss engaged in ad lib beer consumption for 20 min, while anticipating another interaction with the same boy. Children in the ADD/CD role produced comparably distressed moods for both male and female Ss. However, only men drank to higher blood-alcohol levels in the ADD/CD vs. normal child condition. Results suggest that higher rates of drinking observed in fathers of ADD/CD children may be partly a function of their particular response to the distress associated with interactions with such children.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Drinking and creativity: objective and subjective effects.

A literature characterized by considerable speculation but a paucity of empirical studies prompted this experiment on the relation between drinking and creativity. After being queried about how they believed alcohol would affect their creative performance, 40 male undergraduate social drinkers were assigned to one of four treatments in a balanced placebo design. Those actually receiving alcohol consumed a mixture containing .6 g of ethanol per kg of body weight. All subjects then completed the entire Figural portion and the Unusual Uses subtest of the Verbal portion of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Posttesting explored subjects' own evaluations of their creative products and the kinds of attributions they made about factors contributing to the outcomes. Results showed minimal effects of beverage manipulations on measured creativity even when a priori belief and concurrent mood scores were covaried. However, those individuals who thought they had received alcohol gave significantly more positive evaluations of their creative performances than did subjects who believed they were in the non-alcohol treatments. Subjects did not attribute changes in creativity to drinking. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1969

Leaf water balance during oscillation of stomatal aperture.

Continuous transpiration and beta-guage measurements were made on cotton plants, the stomatal apertures of which had been induced to oscillate, thus allowing a water balance to be made, and leaf potential to be measured as functions of time.Analyses showed phase differences between the water entering and leaving the leaf. Also, from the phase relationship between the flow into the leaf and the water potential in the leaf it was shown that the water potential in the xylem of the plant also oscillated. This is proposed as a necessary condition for the stomates of all the leaves of a plant to oscillate in phase.It is convenient to describe the dynamics of the phenomena using a simple electrical analogue, and the usefulness and limitations of the model are discussed.

Journal Article↗