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Biomedical subjects

A R Katz

Publications and source records attributed to A R Katz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Biofragmentable bowel anastomosis ring: comparative efficacy studies in dogs.

Three studies were conducted in a total of 178 dogs to determine the efficacy of a biofragmentable bowel anastomosis ring (BAR) composed of polyglycolic acid and 12.5% barium sulfate. Wound strength and healing of BAR, suture, and staple colonic anastomoses were compared for intervals of up to 1 year. The effect of systemic steroid treatment and BAR size on anastomotic wound strength and healing was also studied. The BARs fragmented at a mean time of 15.06 days postoperatively and were passed in the feces without injury. Wound strength was determined by measurements of the pressure required to burst the anastomosed colonic segment and measurements of the tension required to break 10 mm wide longitudinal strips of the anastomosed segment. The studies demonstrated that wound strength had progressed to a point where continued mechanical support (with sutures or staples) was no longer required by 14 days in both nontreated and steroid-treated dogs. Gross healing evaluations at 21 days and beyond showed no differences due to anastomotic method. Microscopic evaluations suggested that residual granulation tissue was less at the sites of BAR asastomoses than at sites of suture or staple anastomoses at the 1-year interval, suggesting that healing may be better with BAR than with standard methods of colon anastomosis.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1987

Initial clinical experience with a biofragmentable ring for sutureless bowel anastomosis.

Twenty-seven patients have had bowel anastomoses with a biofragmentable ring for sutureless bowel anastomosis. There were no complications associated with the anastomotic technique. One patient developed an ischemic stricture on the proximal side of the anastomosis due to compromised circulation. There was no leakage. Technical factors regarding the BAR anastomosis are described. A properly placed purse-string suture is of primary importance. Advantages appear to be a more rapid and easy anastomosis with better healing.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Experimental evaluation of amylose succinate absorbable hemostat in a canine model.

Using a semiquantitative animal model of standardized injuries to parenchymatous organs resulting in a range of degrees of hemorrhage, we compared freeze-dried amylose succinate topical hemostat to the most widely used commercially available products. Hemostatic efficacy parameters included bleeding time, blood loss, incidence of rebleeding, and amount of material used. Although no material was consistently superior in all parameters, in general amylose succinate and microcrystalline collagen performed equally well and both were significantly more effective than oxidized regenerated cellulose. Both amylose succinate and oxidized regenerated cellulose were superior to microcrystalline collagen, however, in biodegradation time, inflammatory response and adhesion-forming potential. Details of the animal model and an adhesion grading scheme are presented.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

A biofragmentable ring for sutureless bowel anastomosis. An experimental study.

A biofragmentable bowel anastomosis ring (BAR) for sutureless intestinal anastomosis is described with the laboratory results comparing the BAR to sutured and stapled anastomoses. There was equivalent healing with all three methods of anastomosis. However, "burst" pressure was highest at day zero and overall necrosis was least with the BAR. By virtue of these findings and being sutureless, it is hoped that the limits of safe bowel anastomosis can be extended.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The presence of cyclosporine in body tissues and fluids during pregnancy.

A term pregnancy, labor, and delivery is reported in a cyclosporine- and prednisone-treated female cadaveric renal allograft recipient. A male child, small for gestational age at 2370 g, was born at 38 weeks of gestation with neither congenital anomalies nor nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity. Cyclosporine (CSA) concentrations as determined by a radioimmunoassay are reported in maternal and fetal tissues. CSA is present in the fetal circulation during gestation at similar concentrations to those in the mother. Fetal serum at birth displayed 25% suppression of a third-party mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) compared with control incubations. CSA was present in maternal breast milk; therefore, breastfeeding of children by CSA-treated mothers should be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A new synthetic monofilament absorbable suture made from polytrimethylene carbonate.

The physical and biologic characteristics of a new synthetic absorbable monofilament suture, glycolide trimethylene carbonate (GTMC) are presented. The suture was formulated to combine predictable in vivo performance of synthetic absorbable sutures with the handling characteristics of a monofilament suture. Three in vivo studies were described: strength, gross and microscopic absorption and reaction, and radiolabelled decay. The studies carried out in rats showed cumulative strength retention of sizes 0, 00, 4-0 and 5-0 of 81 per cent at 14 days, 59 per cent at 28 days and 30 per cent at 42 days. Strength retention was consistent throughout the size spectrum. Absorption of sizes 00 and 4-0 were studied in subcutaneous implantations in rabbits. Histologic assessment of absorption obtained from serial sections at intervals of three to nine months showed that, in both sizes, complete absorption occurred between six and seven months. At six months, 83 per cent of size 00 was absorbed and size 4-0 was 93 per cent absorbed. At seven months, no implanted material was discernible histologically. Untoward tissue reactions, such as acute inflammatory cells, abscesses or tissue necrosis, were not observed. There were no signs of cellular mobilization of any kind observed remote from the implant. Absorption of GTMC sutures was achieved through the action of mononuclear and multinuclear macrophages which were confined to the implant and sequestered by a fibrous connective tissue capsule. When implant absorption was complete, resorbtion of the macrophage component was observed which was replaced by a narrow cord of fibrous tissue and collagen. The results of studies of radiolabelled sutures carried out in the subcutaneous tissues of rats revealed urine and expired CO2 to be the major excretary routes of the metabolites. By 22 to 24 weeks, 0.1 to 0.7 per cent of the total implanted radioactivity remained at the suture sites. Tissue deposition and excretion of radioactivity suggests similar metabolism of the sutures in both species. We conclude that GTMC sutures maintain good strength with little or no absorption during the critical wound healing period, absorbs completely from tissues in six to seven months with minimal tissue reaction and, therefore, provides an absorbable, flexible, monofilament material with extended support that is strong and effective.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.

There is uncertainty regarding the role, if any, of oral contraceptive steroids in the development of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. In a 36-year-old woman, a large left hepatic lobe tumor developed that was detected after 11 years of using these drugs. The tumor regressed when administration of the drug was stopped but began to increase in size during a subsequent pregnancy. A left hepatic lobectomy during the second trimester disclosed focal nodular hyperplasia. Both contraceptive steroids and pregnancy, with high levels of endogenous sex steroids, favored tumor growth in this patient, suggesting that focal nodular hyperplasia can be steroid related.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Management of a rare blood type: Oh "Bombay" in pregnancy.

A rare blood type, Oh "Bombay," was observed in a 30-year-old Indian primigravida. The genetic mode of inheritance is discussed. The obstetric management, with anticipation for the need for blood transfusion, is outlined and the use of autotransfusion for patients with rare blood type is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Utilization of fetal scalp pH and direct fetal electrocardiogram in the intrapartum management of congenital complete heart block in an adolescent primigravida.

This case report documents the antepartum detection of congenital complete heart block in the fetus of an adolescent primigravida. Management utilizing direct fetal electrocardiogram and fetal scalp sampling is discussed. The report illustrates the appropriate management of a fetus in utero with congenital complete heart block and suggests procedures to be taken prior to delivery in the expectant management of a neonate with a congenital conduction defect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Urinary bladder calculus formation on sutures in rabbits, cats and dogs.

Cystotomies were performed upon 152 animals with various suture materials. The bladders were examined for the presence of concretions at intervals ranging from three to 120 days. Calculi were found with regularity in rabbits but not in cats or dogs, irrespective of the suture material used. Urinary calculi persisting later than seven days postoperatively were seen only in those rabbit bladders repaired with nonabsorbable sutures. Despite major differences in the geometry and chemical composition of the suture, the two absorbable sutures polyglycolic acid and catgut showed an equivalent incidence of early, reversible calculus formation in the rabbit urinary bladder. The property of suture materials that contributes most to the formation of persistent urinary calculi is nonabsorbability. Surface characteristics and cross sectional geometry appear to play little, or no, role in the calculus formation in the bladders of animals.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

[The use of prostaglandins to perform terminations of pregnancy in the second trimester (author's transl)].

The authors report 48 cases of termination of pregnancy between the 12th and the 20th week using prostaglandins. Two methods were used: An injection of 40 mg of Prostaglandin F2 alpha (1) intra-amniotically: used on 38 women in group i. 10 patients had 5 mg of 15 (S) 15 methylprostaglandin F2 alpha administered vaginally in group ii. In the first group all women aborted with a mean induction expulsion time of 16 hours and 20 minutes. In the second group 9 women aborted with a mean time of 14 hours and 2 minutes. Side effects were very marked in the second group, whereas they seemed to be acceptable in the first group.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Postabortal laparoscopic tubal sterilization. Results in comparison to interval procedures.

This report documents our experiences in 3 groups of women undergoing laparoscopic tubal sterilization: those undergoing sterilization as an interval procedure, those performed in association with suction curettage, and those performed within 18 hours of second trimester pregnancy termination via intraaminiotic injection of prostaglandin F 2 alpha. As a postabortal sterilization procedure, laparoscopy is effective, logistically appealing, and convenient. There is, however, an increased risk of complications to the procedure when performed on the postabortal women. These include specifically, a 10-fold increased risk of infection and a 2.5-fold increased risk of bleeding complications as seen in our series. The results of these findings are discussed, and some suggestions for reducing these risks are offered.

Abortion, Induced↗