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Biomedical subjects

A R Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to A R Jensen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Myopia and intelligence: a pleiotropic relationship?

The well-established association between myopia and superior intelligence in the general population was investigated in a group of intellectually gifted children and their less gifted full siblings to determine whether the relationship of myopia to psychometric intelligence is consistent with the hypothesis of pleiotropy, i.e., both characteristics are affected by the same gene or set of genes. Failure to find a difference in degree of myopia, assessed as a metric variable, between intellectually gifted and nongifted siblings would contradict pleiotropy. A variety of possible causal pathways, both genetic and environmental, have been hypothesized in the literature to explain the relationship between intelligence and myopia, and these still cannot be ruled out. It is theoretically noteworthy, however, in view of the independent evidence for the considerable heritability of both intelligence and myopia, that the highly significant gifted-nongifted sibling difference in myopia found in the present study is consistent with the hypothesis that intelligence and myopia are related pleiotropically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Stricture prophylaxis in transurethral prostatectomy.

In a prospective study 317 patients with prostatic hypertrophy, admitted for transurethral prostatectomy (TUR P), were randomized into three different groups: (1) urethral dilation and TUR P; (2) urethrotomy according to Otis and TUR P, and (3) TUR P alone. The number of postoperative urethral strictures significantly decreased in the Otis group and significantly increased in the dilatation group as compared with the control group.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A randomized trial of iohexol versus amidotrizoate in endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.

To evaluate whether a low-osmolar contrast medium could decrease hyperamylasemia after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, a prospective randomized double-blind trial of 54 consecutive patients with suspected pancreatic disease referred for endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was performed. The low-osmolar contrast medium iohexol and high-osmolar amidotrizoate were used. No statistically significant differences with regard to rise in pancreatic-type amylase, pain reaction, or diagnostic information were found. No case of acute pancreatitis was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pattern of pain, duct morphology, and pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis. A comparative study.

In 101 patients with suspected or definite chronic pancreatitis a pancreatic function test, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, and an interview with special regard to pain were performed. Decrease in pancreatic function was correlated to dilatation of the pancreatic duct system. However, no correlation between the duct morphology and the severity of pain was found. Patients with pancreatic pseudocysts were evenly distributed among the groups in accordance with pancreatic function, but they seemed to be concentrated in the groups with severe pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Correlation between reaction time and intelligence in psychometrically similar groups in America and India.

The relationship between psychometrically tested reasoning ability, or general intelligence (Raven's Progressive Matrices), short-term memory (forward and backward digit span), and measures of reaction time (RT), including visual and auditory simple RT and four degrees of choice RT, was investigated in groups of unskilled workers, mostly of below average, borderline, or retarded mental ability, selected in the United States and in India. Both groups showed parallel phenomena with respect to the relative difficulty of the various RT tests, their factor structure, and their theoretically expected correlations with psychometric intelligence, although the correlations were lower (and generally nonsignificant) in the Indian group, most likely because of this group's greater restriction in range of ability. The findings, overall, are consistent with other recent studies of RT and intelligence, which indicate that our standard IQ tests reflect basic cognitive processes, particularly speed of information processing, involved in individual differences in intellectual ability, and not merely differences in specific acquired knowledge, skills, or cultural background.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Twins' IQs: a reply to Schwartz and Schwartz.

It is argued that the criticisms by Schwartz and Schwartz of Jensen's analysis of IQ data on monozygotic twins reared apart fall down on two central points, methodological and theoretical: (a) Valid inferences concerning the broad heritability of intelligence can be drawn from analysis of the combined data from several independent studies of MZ twins reared apart, even though the groups differ significantly in mean IQ; (b) Mean population differences within a given racial category can involve genetic as well as environmental factors.

Child Development↗
PubMed1975

A theoretical note on sex linkage and race differences in spatial visualization ability.

Evidence on the poorer spatial visualization ability in various Negro populations compared to the white populations and on the direction and magnitude of sex difference in spatial ability relative to other abilities suggests the genetic hypothesis that spatial ability is enhanced by a sex-linked recessive gene and that, since the 20-30 percent admixture of Caucasian genes in American Negroes came mostly from male white ancestors, relatively fewer X-linked than autosomal Caucasian genes were transmitted to the American Negro gene pool. The genetic model as explicitly formulated indicates the kinds of data which could substantiate or disporve the theory, but which do not now exist.

Aptitude↗