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Biomedical subjects

A R Gibbs

Publications and source records attributed to A R Gibbs.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Non-occupational malignant mesotheliomas.

The mineral content of the lungs from 84 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma was estimated by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. These cases were chosen because the history of asbestos exposure was absent, indirect or ill-defined. The occupational exposures were classified according to the method of Zielhuis, and the results indicated that this classification is unnecessarily complicated. The chrysotile counts in the lungs from these mesothelioma cases were similar to those in controls and in a previous series of mesotheliomas in which the majority had had direct exposure to asbestos. Amphibole counts were intermediate between those in controls and in the previous series of mesotheliomas with direct asbestos exposure. These findings confirm those of previous studies indicating that amphiboles are more important than chrysotile in the causation of malignant mesothelioma. The results confirm that some mesotheliomas develop in the absence of asbestos exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis progressing to allergic granulomatosis and angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome).

A 50-yr-old woman had a right upper lobectomy that revealed the pathologic changes of eosinophilic pneumonia and mucoid impaction. In the mucus plug within the segmental bronchus, aspergillus was demonstrated by direct staining. A diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis was made. After a latent period of 17 yr, she presented with the clinicopathologic features of the Churg-Strauss Syndrome. The putative role of aspergillus in the etiology of this syndrome is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Asbestos induced diffuse pleural fibrosis: pathology and mineralogy.

Lungs from seven cases of diffuse pleural fibrosis with known asbestos exposure were studied to determine the gross and microscopic pathological features and relate these to the analysed mineral fibre content of the lung. All seven individuals had had substantial exposure, ranging from two to 25 years, and chronic chest problems and at necropsy all cases met the criteria for compensatable disease. Macroscopically, all had extensive visceral pleural fibrosis and extensive areas of adhesions, and four also had discrete parietal pleural plaques. The histological features were similar in all the cases--most strikingly the basket weave pattern of the thickened pleura and a dense subpleural parenchymal interstitial fibrosis with fine honeycombing, extending up to 1 cm into the underlying lung. The similar histological appearances raise the possibility that diffuse pleural fibrosis and pleural plaques have a similar pathogenesis. Amphibole asbestos (crocidolite and amosite) counts were high in six of the seven cases and chrysotile counts in four; four cases had high mullite counts, but the importance of this is not known. It is concluded that diffuse pleural fibrosis is a specific asbestos associated entity, of uncertain pathogenesis, with mineral fibre counts falling between those found with plaques and those in minimal asbestosis.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1987

Necrotising sarcoidal granulomatosis: a problem of identity. A study of seven cases.

We report on a study of 6 cases of Necrotising Sarcoidal Granulomatosis (NSG) and details of another problem case illustrating the difficulties of classification. We have compared the clinical and pathological features with those of sarcoidosis, Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG), Churg Strauss Granulomatosis (CSG), Pulmonary Hyalinizing Granuloma (PHG) and various metal lung diseases. We distinguish NSG from sarcoidosis, in particular by the prominence of vasculitis, necrosis and the rarity of extrapulmonary manifestations, but accept that problem cases can occur. We see no difficulty in separating NSG from CSG, PHG and metal lung granulomatous diseases, but on occasion WG may cause considerable difficulty. For the present NSG is best regarded as a distinct entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The use of vimentin antibodies in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.

An immunohistochemical investigation of vimentin, an intermediate filament, was carried out on formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of 44 malignant mesotheliomas of the pleura and 24 pulmonary adenocarcinomas, in order to assess its value in differential diagnosis. Seventy-five percent of the malignant mesotheliomas showed positive staining for vimentin. An unexpected finding was the presence of vimentin in 46% of the pulmonary adenocarcinomas. In either case there was no correlation between the presence of vimentin and the histological types or grades of differentiation. The overall level of vimentin staining was significantly greater in the malignant mesotheliomas than in the pulmonary adenocarcinomas but no single antibody dilution was found to provide clear cut separation of the two groups. Vimentin does not appear to be a simple discriminatory marker of malignant mesothelioma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of tumour markers in malignant mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Immunohistological methods were used to investigate the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen, beta 1 pregnancy specific glycoprotein, beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin, human placental lactogen, calcitonin, and keratin in formalin fixed tissue from 29 malignant mesotheliomas and 27 pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Malignant mesotheliomas were negative for tumour markers except for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin and keratin, one and 13 cases respectively being positive for these. Pulmonary adenocarcinomas, however, were frequently positive for tumour markers--namely, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta 1 pregnancy specific glycoprotein, beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin, human placental lactogen, calcitonin, and keratin. The presence of carcinoembryonic antigen and beta 1 pregnancy specific glycoprotein within an intrathoracic tumour is strong evidence against its being of mesothelial origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Deposition of eosinophil cationic protein in granulomas in allergic granulomatosis and vasculitis: the Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Biopsy specimens and tissues obtained at necropsy from two women who died after developing the Churg-Strauss syndrome were analysed to see whether granulomas in these patients contained activated eosinophils or secreted eosinophil cationic proteins, or both. Immunocytochemical studies with monoclonal antibody EG2 showed large amounts of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein-X (which are toxic for heart cells and other tissues) in the granulomas. Many activated and degranulating eosinophils were seen to be migrating from the blood into these areas. Eosinophils may play a central part in the development of lesions in the heart and other tissues in the Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ewing's sarcoma of mandible.

Ewing's sarcoma is a highly malignant tumour which develops from the medullary tissue of bones. It accounts for four to five per cent of all primary bone tumours (Ackerman et al., 1968; Dahlin, 1978) and usually presents as a solitary lesion in patients below the age of 30 years. It is most commonly situated in a long bone of the upper and lower extremities, pelvis, ribs and vertebrae. We describe the clinico-pathological features and management of a 19 year old male patient who developed Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible, an uncommon site of origin. It is hoped that the improvement in prognosis of this tumour observed in other sites due to aggressive chemotherapy will also pertain for Ewing's sarcoma within the mandible. This case illustrates the difficulties of management at this anatomic site.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Biological markers in human lung carcinoma: an immunopathological study of six antigens.

Immunohistological methods were used to investigate the presence of calcitonin, thyrotrophin, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta pregnancy specific glycoprotein, human placental lactogen, and the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in formalin fixed lung tumour tissue sections. Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in 71% of 101 tumours studied (70%), beta 1 pregnancy specific glycoprotein in 66 of 97 tumours (68%), beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in 35 of 97 (36%), human placental lactogen in 19 of 97 (20%), calcitonin in 10 of 71 (14%), and thyrotrophin in one of 27 lung tumours studied. There appeared to be no direct association between the presence of any given marker and the presence of any other. Similarly, the association between the presence of a tumour marker and histological type was poor. This study shows that the presence of tumour markers is relatively common in human lung tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

The identification of 'casein' in human breast cancer.

A retrospective study of ninety-six cases of breast cancer was carried out to determine the prognostic values of a casein immunolocalization technique. This was performed using an indirect immunofluorescence method with antisera raised in rabbits to pooled human casein. Fluorescence positivity was graded according to its intensity and distribution. The pathology of each tumour was studied and the tumour type, histological grade and tissue response assessed. The relationship between these observations and the casein content of the tumour was studied. In addition the correlation between casein content and age, menopausal state, clinical staging and survival was investigated. The incidence of casein positivity in our series was 50% with approximately half of the positive cases showing strong fluorescence. There was a relationship between casein content and the age of the patients, with casein being more frequently found in tumours from younger patients. Tumours with a high casein content, in general, show a poorer survival than the group as a whole. This difference in survival was most marked in the first eight years after operation and restricted to those tumours in clinical stage I and histological grade I. The presence of casein in the tumours did not appear to be related to the other factors examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Primary lymphoproliferative conditions of lung.

The clinical, laboratory, and pathological features of six primary lymphoproliferative conditions of the lung are described. These comprise two patients with malignant lymphomas, one with pseudolymphoma, one with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), one with lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and one with plasma cell granuloma. We recommend that the term 'premalignant lymphoma' be used for pseudolymphoma since the condition, although tending to remain localised, has a malignant potential. A combination of dyspnoea, cough, and pyrexia were the presenting features in our cases of premalignant and malignant lymphoma although they may often be discovered accidentally by chest radiography. The patient with LIP presented with the usual symptoms of dyspnoea and cough. The initial manifestations of the patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis were skin radh and peripheral neuropathy nine months before the pulmonary symptoms, a not unusual occurrence. Plasma cell granuloma is often asymptomatic but our patient presented with cough, chest pain, haemoptysis. Premalignant lymphoma tends to pursue a benign course although exceptionally it may become disseminated. Malignant lymphoma may remain localised for many years but a significant proportion metastasise. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis and LIP have a varied course but both may terminate in malignant lymphoma. Plasma cell granuloma is always benign. The interrelationships of these conditions and their differential diagnosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Halothane macrophage migration inhibtiion factor test in halothane-associated hepatitis.

As an index of delayed hypersensitivity in vitro halothane macrophage migration inhibition factor tests (halothane-MIF tests) were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from five patients with halothane hepatitis. Twenty-two subjects exposed to halothane, but with no evidence of jaundice, five 'healthy' hospital anaesthetists, nine jaundiced subjects without halothane exposure, and 10 healthy subjects with no history of exposure to halothane were also tested. The halothane-MIF test was positive in four of the five patients with halothane-induced hepatitis; the negative result was in a patient on steroid treatment. The test was negative in all other subjects. Our findings suggest that the halothane-MIF test may be of value in the diagnosis of halothane-induced hepatitis and as a screeening procedure for the identification of susceptible subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis--a condition with affinities to Wegener's granulomatosis and lymphoma.

A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the lung is described in which the presenting features were a skin eruption and peripheral neuropathy. The onset of the pulmonary symptoms of breathlessness and productive cough was delayed nine months but, when apparent, the extent of the radiological changes contrasted with the mildness of the symptoms and the triviality of the physical signs. Biopsy of the affected lung revealed a mixed lymphocytic, plasma cell, and histiocytic infiltrate following a perivascular distribution. This combination of clinical and pathological findings is in every detail that of lymphomatoid granulomatosis as recently identified by Liebow et al. (1972). Additional, previously undescribed, and unexplained findings in this case were persistent hypercalciuria and the presence in three axillary lymph nodes of subcapsular groups of cells resembling those of a benign naevus. This is the first case described in the British literature, and it is important that more cases be reported in order that the prevalence, prognosis, and aetiology of the condition should be further established.

Adult↗