The effects of Mif-I on in vitro c-GMP production by a particulate rat brain fraction.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A R Gerber
Publications and source records attributed to A R Gerber.
Increased risk of illness among nursery staff caring for neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis.
In 1983 an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis occurred in our newborn nurseries. Eleven children were ill and three required bowel resections. During the outbreak many of the medical and nursing staff in the nurseries also were ill, prompting a microbiologic and epidemiologic investigation. Bacterial and viral cultures, Clostridium difficile toxin assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for viral antigens and immunoelectron microscopy of stools identified no associated pathogen. However, using a method of calculating relative risk as an incidence density ratio, we found that nurses who had cared for ill infants were at higher risk for sick call within the 9 days following exposure than nurses who had cared for babies without NEC (relative risk, 1.96; P = 0.05). These results provide additional evidence that a transmissible agent may be responsible for some cases of NEC and support the recommendation for infection control measures during outbreaks. The epidemiologic methods used in this study may be useful in prospective studies of NEC and may help to provide further clues to the cause of this disease.
Cross Infection↗
Clients without health insurance at publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites: implications for early intervention.
The characteristics of clients reporting no health insurance were compared with those reporting any health insurance at publicly funded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing sites in the United States during 1992. Thirty of 65 funded health departments collect data on self-reported health insurance status. Data were dichotomized into two groups, clients reporting any health insurance versus those reporting none, and multivariate logistic models were developed to explore independent associations. Of the 885,046 clients studied, 440,416 reported that they lacked health insurance. Clients without health insurance were more likely to be male, members of racial or ethnic minorities, adolescent, and HIV seropositive. Prisoners (odds ratio = 0.26), clients of Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio = 0.52), and clients receiving testing during field visits (odds ratio = 0.53) in drug treatment centers (odds ratio = 0.55) and in tuberculosis clinics (odds ratio = 0.55) were less likely to have health insurance. Injecting drug users, whether heterosexual (odds ratio = 0.65) or homosexual (odds ratio = 0.67), were less likely to have health insurance compared with other behavioral risk groups. Large numbers of clients receiving publicly funded HIV counseling and testing lack health insurance. Lack of health insurance may interfere with subsequent receipt of needed primary care services among high-risk clients, especially HIV seropositive clients in need of early intervention services.
Adolescent↗
A study of clients returning for counseling after HIV testing: implications for improving rates of return.
Pretest and posttest counseling have become standard components of prevention-oriented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing programs. However, not all persons who receive pretest counseling and testing return for posttest counseling. Records of 557,967 clients from January through December 1990, representing more than 40 percent of all publicly funded HIV counseling and testing, were analyzed to determine variables independently associated with returning for HIV posttest counseling. On average, 63 percent of clients returned for posttest counseling. The rate varied by self-reported risk behavior, sex, race or ethnicity, age, site of counseling and testing, reason for visit, and HIV serostatus. In multivariate logistic models, persons who were young, African American, and pretest counseled in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics or family planning clinics were least likely to return for posttest counseling. Those clients who consider themselves to be at risk for HIV infection may be more likely to act on that perception and to follow through with posttest counseling than those who do not perceive risk. Counselors should make special efforts during pretest counseling to encourage adolescents, members of racial or ethnic minorities, and persons seen in STD and family planning clinics to return for posttest counseling by helping them understand and accept their own personal risk of HIV infection. Counselors need to establish, with the client's participation, a specific plan for receiving test results and posttest counseling.
Adolescent↗