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Biomedical subjects

A R Cowen

Publications and source records attributed to A R Cowen.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A physical assessment of the imaging performance of panel-type X-ray image intensifier.

The performance of a commercial panel-type X-ray image intensifier has been investigated by physical methods, both objective and subjective. The objective measurements show that the manufacturer's claims are justified, except perhaps in regard to contrast loss. The subjective measurements reveal that the conversion factor ("gain") of the device is such that dark-adaptation is not necessary, though best results are obtained in a nearly dark room. Hence the device confers a significant advantage, both in information and in dose to the patient, over traditional fluoroscopy. However, the conversion factor is nearly three orders of magnitude smaller than that of a conventional X-ray image-intensifier television system. Therefore, at modern fluoroscopic exposure rates, the eye is operating at light levels at which its own deficiencies set a limit to the perceptible information. To equal the performance of modern fluoroscopy the exposure rate to the intensifier must be increased to about 20 times the value customary in modern fluoroscopy. This can be done only by increasing the X-ray factors (kV and mA), resulting in a corresponding increase in dose to the patient of about one order of magnitude. Such an increase is in many circumstance unacceptable.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scene safety in the face of automatic weapons fire: a new dilemma for EMS?

OBJECTIVE: To describe the EMS response to a large-scale shooting incident involving military-style weapons. METHODS: Descriptive review. RESULTS: Twenty ambulances, nine engine companies, and three helicopters responded to this incident. Ten police officers and nine civilians were wounded, all of whom required transport to nearby hospitals. Two gunmen were shot and pronounced dead at the scene. No EMS personnel were injured. CONCLUSION: Incidents involving military-style weapons pose a unique challenge for prehospital care providers who must care for injured civilians and law enforcement personnel while maintaining their own safety. Use of the Incident Command System, establishment of a liaison with law enforcement, and the provision of protective gear for EMS personnel are vital to effectively and safely manage these types of incidents.

Automation↗