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Biomedical subjects

A R Caputo

Publications and source records attributed to A R Caputo.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

High hyperopia in Leber's congenital amaurosis.

Few studies comment on the type of refractive errors found in patients with Leber's congenital amaurosis. The association of an uncomplicated infantile form of this condition with high hyperopia but without systemic complications has been suggested. In a retrospective study, we identified 11 patients who satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of this subtype of Leber's congenital amaurosis. All of our cases were found to have at least +6.00 diopters of hyperopia on cycloplegic refraction. No systemic abnormalities were found in any of these children. We suggest that high hyperopia be included in the diagnostic criteria of this specific form of Leber's congenital amaurosis.

Blindness↗
PubMed1985

Neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy of secondary membranes in the pediatric population.

Posterior capsulotomy is occasionally performed at the conclusion of extracapsular cataract extraction because of the high incidence of secondary membrane formation. Using a Nd:YAG laser we successfully performed posterior capsulotomies on 16 children who developed secondary membranes following extracapsular cataract extraction in which the posterior capsule was left intact. Eleven patients had congenital cataracts and five had acquired cataracts. The youngest patient was four years. All had improvement in visual acuity. Preserving most of the posterior capsule provides additional support to the eye and has been associated with a decreased incidence of cystoid macular edema. It also allows secondary implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Aicardi syndrome in one dizygotic twin.

The Aicardi syndrome consists of infantile spasms, defects of the corpus callosum, dorsal vertebral anomalies, and chorioretinal lacunar defects. The etiology is, as yet, unknown. The most likely cause, however, is an X-linked mutational event that is lethal in males. The first case of the Aicardi syndrome known to occur in one twin is reported. The patient was female and her unaffected sibling was male. This provides strong evidence to support the theory of an X-linked mutational event as the cause of this condition. The typical chorioretinal defects, often difficult to document because these children die at an early age, are clearly illustrated in this report.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1978

Definitive treatment of congenital larcrimal sac fistula.

The procedure we describe is believed to be a rational and effective approach to the rare but preplexing problem of congenital lacrimal sac fistula. The procedure is based on the principles of: (1) definite location of the lacrimal sac for protection of canaliculi and sac through probe insertion; (2) fastidious dissection of the tract to its base; and (3) positive testing of the suture and sac site for leakage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cyclic esotropia.

A recent case of cyclic esotropia is reported. Factors precipitating the cycle and theories about the clock mechanism are discussed. At present the exact nature and location of the clock mechanism remains speculative.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1976

Pseudo-Duane's retraction syndrome.

Five patients presented with signs that were similar to but opposite from Duane's retraction syndrome. Most had a history of orbital trauma. On attempted abduction a narrowing of the palpebral fissure and retraction of the globe was observed. Diplopia with lateral gaze was present. Roentgenograms (polytomograms) showed involvement of the medial orbital wall. Forced ductuin tests were positive. Surgical repair of the fracture and release of the entrapped muscle as determined by forced duction tests and by postoperative motility led to successful results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duane's retraction syndrome.

Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) has been a recognized clinical entity for nearly a century. It is a clinically well described ocular disorder consisting of retraction of the globe with narrowing of the lid fissure in attempted adduction, frequent abduction deficiency with variable limitation to adduction, and upshoot and/or downshoot of the affected eye on adduction. Among strabismus patients the incidence of DRS is probably not more than 5%. Most cases are sporadic, but familial cases have been estimated at 10% by most authors. Numerous theories concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of DRS have been proposed, including agenesis of the abducens nucleus, but the majority of investigators concur that the characteristic findings are best explained by a paradoxical innervation of the lateral rectus muscle, which subsequently causes a cocontraction of the horizontal rectus muscles. The frequent association of DRS with other congenital anomalies suggests a teratogenic event occurring between the fourth to eighth week of gestation as an etiological factor. In this review historical aspects and theories of the syndrome are studied and statistical data are compiled and analyzed. Clinical features, differential diagnoses and variants of the syndrome are examined. Testing and treatment objectives are discussed.

Duane Retraction Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic response to mydriatic eyedrops in neonates: mydriatics in neonates.

During routine dilation of 48 newborns, systemic responses and pupil dilation were monitored. Both 10 percent aqueous and viscous phenylephrine caused blanching around the eyes and produced considerable rise in blood pressure. Dilatation average 4.7 mm. In a double blind study, a 2.5 percent solution caused no skin blanching and no change in pressure or heart rate. Average dilation was 4.5 mm. No blood pressure changes were observed with either one percent cyclopentolate or one percent tropicamide. Average dilatations were 5.0 mm and 5.3 mm respectively. The above agents, used individually for a total dosage of three drops in each eye did not provide adequate dilation for a thorough funduscopic examination. Our protocol at United Hospitals Medical Center is a safe combination of drugs and provides excellent dilatation averaging greater th an 7 mm. No skin blanching or change in heart rate was observed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The problem of cycloplegia in the pediatric age group: a combination formula for refraction.

Cycloplegic refraction and indirect ophthalmoscopy are essential to evaluation of the pediatric patient. Unfortunately, along with this practice occur the attendant risks of toxicity and the unpleasantness of instillation. The literature that documents the development of cycloplegic agents is often contradictory regarding efficacy and side effects. It is presented for perspective. We have found that efficacy and discomfort are inseparable; however, as with efficacy and toxicity they are directly related to the concentration used. The case is therefore made to use each agent in its minimal effective concentration and thereby minimize both discomfort and toxicity. Our combination of 1.3% cyclogyl, .167% mydriacil, and 1.6% phenylephrine accomplishes effective cycloplegia for refraction and indirect ophthalmoscopy, has a rapid onset and short duration, works reliably in dark irides, is accomplished in a single encounter with the patient, and exhibits none of the side effects of the individual agents in our series.

Age Factors↗