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Biomedical subjects

A R Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to A R Andersen.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

24-hour blood glucose profiles in insulin-dependent diabetics treated with intravenous insulin infusion systems. A comparison between closed- and open-loop systems.

The aim of this study was to compare the 24-hour blood glucose profiles of insulin-dependent diabetics during treatment with preprogramed insulin delivery systems with those of patients on treatment with the artificial beta cell (Biostator). Mean blood glucose (MGB) was 4.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/l for 15 controls, 5.8 +/- 1.0 for 53 patients on open-loop and 6.0 +/- 0.6 for 20 patients on closed-loop treatment. MBG was significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetic, but the difference between the two diabetic populations was not significant. Mean amplitude of blood glucose excursion was 1.8 +/- 0.6, 4.3 +/- 1.3 and 3.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l respectively, the difference between the diabetic groups being significant. No hypoglycemia was seen in patients during closed-loop treatment, whereas this was the case in 10 of 53 patients on treatment with open-loop systems. Physical exercise resulted in small but normal decreases in blood glucose without hypoglycemia. Plasma insulin was within the normal range during both regimes. It is concluded that blood glucose control during treatment with closed-loop system is superior to that during treatment with open-loop systems. However, under standard conditions i.v. insulin infusion with preprogramed pump devices resulted in blood glucose fluctuations comparable with those during Biostator treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prognosis for juvenile diabetics with nephropathy and failing renal function.

A total of 157 consecutive patients with juvenile diabetes (onset before the 31st birthday), diabetic nephropathy, and impaired renal function were followed up until 1.1.1976. All the patients had been admitted to the Steno Memorial Hospital, Copenhagen, between 1934 and 1972. Independently of the patients' age at onset of diabetes, it was found that persistent proteinuria appeared after an average of 19 years, and that death ensued 5--6 years thereafter. Division of the patients into two groups, according to whether the diabetes had set in before or after 1940, showed no signs of an improved prognosis during the past few decades. Once the serum creatinine has started to rise, the prognosis is very grave. Only 50% were alive 21 months after serum creatinine levels of 2--5 mg/100 ml had been ascertained. Among patients whose serum creatinine exceeded 5 mg/100 ml, 50% succumbed in 9 months. It is concluded that renal transplantation, if it is to be done, should be instituted early.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The relationship between pregnancy, HCS and B lymphocytes.

The quantitative distribution of the lymphocyte subpopulations (B, T and null) and the serum concentrations of Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS), immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA, complement component C4 and C1 inactivator, were estimated in venous blood samples from 32 women at various stages of pregnancy and compared with a control series of 7 non-pregnant normal women. A significant decline in the B cell percentage during pregnancy was seen. The fall in the percentage of the B lymphocytes was found to be concomitant with the rise in HCS concentration. No significant changes in the other parameters studied were present.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vitamin D metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

A significant loss of bone has been observed in diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis is unknown, but an impairment of vitamin D metabolism might be involved. Consequently, we have studied vitamin D metabolism in five groups of insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Significantly reduced levels of serum 25(OH)D were seen only in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The serum levels of 1,25 (OH)2D were reduced only in diabetic ketoacidosis but normalized during recovery. It is concluded that vitamin D metabolism is largely normal in adult insulin-dependent diabetes, and it seems unlikely that a disturbance of the vitamin D metabolism can explain the bone loss in the ordinarily controlled diabetics.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent addiction. Assessment and identification.

Adolescents who are addicted to drugs present unique assessment and diagnostic problems. The primary drugs used by adolescents are alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine, respectively. The adolescent who uses drugs in a regular and frequent manner is affected more rapidly than is the adult who uses in the same way and for the same length of time. The social and emotional skills usually acquired during this period of rapid growth often are not learned when the adolescent is abusing drugs, and this results in psychosocial stunting of development. Drugs and alcohol have been implicated in teenage traffic accidents, school drop out rates, promiscuity, crime, and suicide. Assessing adolescent drug use and potential addiction is not difficult once good history and examination techniques are acquired. This article presents techniques for assessing and identifying addicted adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy.

The purpose of our prospective study was to evaluate the long-term effect of aggressive antihypertensive treatment on glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in young female and male patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy and blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg. Eight patients received treatment with metoprolol (200-400 mg/day), hydralazine (100-200 mg/day), and furosemide (80-500 mg/day). The untreated control group consisted of eight patients matched for age (mean 32 years), diabetes duration (mean 17 years), and sex (two female and six male patients). All patients except one had diabetic retinopathy. Glomerular filtration rate was measured after a single intravenous injection of 51Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Urinary albumin concentration was determined with a radial immunodiffusion method. The investigations were performed two to four times per year in each patient. The mean observation period was 59 and 27 months in the treated and untreated groups respectively. Due to a considerable rise in arterial blood pressure, it was considered unethical to prolong the observation in the untreated group. Arterial blood pressure rose from 140/96 +/- 4/1 to 150/100 +/- 3/2 mm Hg; albuminuria increased from 1517 +/- 502 to 1911 +/- 120 micrograms/min; and glomerular filtration rate decreased by a mean of 0.84 +/- 0.17 ml/min/mo in the untreated group. Antihypertensive treatment induced blood pressure reduction 151/100 +/- 3/2 to 131/87 +/- 2/1 mm Hg; diminished albuminuria 1467 +/- 515 to 729 +/- 65 micrograms/min; and caused a slow rate of decline in GFR, mean 0.37 +/- 0.08 ml/min/mo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on cerebral blood flow in man.

The effects of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on cerebral blood flow was investigated 4 hours after i.v. injection as these drugs might be of importance for migraine treatment. Eight normal male volunteers (not suffering from migraine) received 0.5 mg ergotamine and 1 mg dihydroergotamine i.v. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the xenon-133 inhalation method and single-photon-emission computerized tomography before and after intravenous acetazolamide administration (1 g). Cerebral blood flow was measured before and 4 hours after ergotamine and dihydroergotamine administration. Strain-gauge measurements of toe-arm systolic gradients were used to monitor the effect of the drug on leg arteries. Mean hemispheric and regional cerebral blood flow was unchanged after either drug (mean +/- SEM, ml/100 g/min): for ergotamine, 57 +/- 3 before and 57 +/- 3 at 4 hours; for dihydroergotamine, 54 +/- 2 before and 55 +/- 2 at 4 hours. The acetazolamide response was unchanged as well. Only ergotamine decreased the toe-arm systolic gradient significantly (22 mm Hg at maximum after 240 minutes; p less than 0.02). Thus, our study did not support the belief that ergot alkaloids should be withheld from patients during attacks of classic migraine, but this has to be investigated further. The discrepancy in the peripheral effects of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine might also be of clinical importance.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced albuminuria during early and aggressive antihypertensive treatment of insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Urinary albumin excretion rate (radial immunodiffusion), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (single-shot 51Cr-EDTA technique), and arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured in 12 juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistent proteinuria (greater than 0.5 g/day) due to diabetic nephropathy. Mean age of the patients was 30 yr. All patients had a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg. Metoprolol, hydralazine, and furosemide or thiazide were used as antihypertensives. During the 12-mo treatment period, BP decreased from 151/104 to 133/85 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), the urinary albumin excretion rate diminished from 1447 to 613 micrograms/min (P less than 0.005), and GFR declined from 96 to 89 ml/in/1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01). A linear relationship between mean blood pressure and the logarithm of the albuminuria was found (r = 0.48, P less than 0.01). Arterial hypertension is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy in young insulin-dependent patients. Early and aggressive treatment of that condition decreases albuminuria, probably due to reduced intraglomerular filtration pressure. Whether sustained reduction in arterial blood pressure to near-normal levels during several years also reduces the rate of decline in GFR in diabetic nephropathy remains to be established.

Adult↗