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Biomedical subjects

A Pugliese

Publications and source records attributed to A Pugliese.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

An AIDS model with distributed incubation and variable infectiousness: applications to i.v. drug users in Latium, Italy.

An AIDS model with distributed incubation and variable infectiousness is considered and simulated via a second-order numerical method. The method is applied to the HIV epidemic among IV drug users in the Latium region of Italy, using available data on the length of the incubation period before the onset of AIDS, on the infectivity of infected individuals during that period, and on the demography of drug users. The contact rate is adjusted to match the actual number of AIDS cases. The sensitivity of the model to uncertainties in the parameters is finally investigated, by performing several simulations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets after phytohemagglutinin stimulation in normal and type 1 diabetic mothers and their infants.

PROBLEM: Our aim was to investigate the immunological status of diabetic pregnancy, which is an overlap of diabetic immunity abnormalities and the immunological modifications normally occurring during pregnancy. METHOD: We studied lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphokine production, after 96 h of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, from normal and Type I diabetic pregnant women at delivery time and from the respective cord blood. RESULTS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both normal and Type I diabetic mothers showed an increase in CD8+ and a decrease in CD4+ cells compared to the respective cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC). Moreover, Type I PBMC showed a lower number of "activated" CD3+ DR+ cells and a higher number of CD8+ CD25+ cells with respect to normal women, which may reflect the dysregulatory pattern due to the autoimmune condition. Type I CBMC showed a big increase in the number of CD4+ Leu8+ cells, a cell subpopulation characterized by inhibitory activity. Finally, as regards lymphokine release in culture supernatants, type I diabetes seemed to be associated with an over-production of IL1 and IL6, although the latter increase is less evident in CBMC cultures. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that diabetic pregnancy is associated with major alterations of cell-mediated immunity leading to a state of immunodepression. Moreover, our study suggests that the maternal immunological status influences fetal immunity, as demonstrated by the increase in the number of regulatory cells and by the altered pattern of lymphokine production (IL1 and IL6) by lymphocytes derived from diabetic CBMC. The latter phenomenon perfectly mirrors maternal PBMC characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

No independent association between HSP70 gene polymorphism and IDDM.

A role for heat shock proteins (HSPs) in autoimmunity has recently been suggested by several authors. Autoantibodies against HSPs have been associated with such autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, and the NOD mouse model of diabetes. Moreover, genes for the major 70,000-M(r) HSP (HSP70) are located within the MHC. To investigate a potential association of an HSP70-2 gene polymorphism with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we analyzed restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) of this gene in 29 families with one or more member affected by IDDM. With the enzyme PstI, as reported previously, two HSP70-2 alleles of 8.5- and 9.0-kb were found. The 8.5-kb allele was found more frequently on diabetic haplotypes compared with control haplotypes (41 of 66 [62%] vs. 20 of 46 [43%], P = 0.03). This association was due to the conservation of alleles on extended haplotypes we previously reported to be associated with diabetes on initial analysis of families. Twenty-three of 26 diabetic DR3 haplotypes and 3 of 3 normal DR3 haplotypes and all instances of [HLA-B8, SC01, DR3] and [HLA-B18, F1C30, DR3] had the 8.5-kb allele, whereas 0 of 9 normal DR2 haplotypes and 0 of 2 diabetic DR2 haplotypes had the 8.5-kb allele (P = 8 x 10(-7) DR3 vs. DR2 haplotypes). The alleles were equally distributed among DR4 haplotypes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

Effect of synthetic polynucleotides on the growth of transplantable tumours in BALB/c mice.

The effect of BALB/c mice pretreatment with tumour cells (a mammary adenocarcinoma, ADK-1t and an IgA secreting plasmocytoma, MOPC-315) adsorbed with poly I:C, poly I and poly C is examined. Only mice pretreated with cells of both tumours adsorbed with poly I:C and poly C proved to be extensively protected against challenge by homologous untreated tumour cells, whereas this was not so in the case of poly I. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Rubella virus hemagglutination with human and animal erythrocytes: effect of age and trypsinization.

Sensitivity to rubella virus hemagglutination differs considerably with newborn as opposed to adult erythrocytes (RBC) in several animal species. In humans, cord RBC are 16 times more sensitive to hemagglutination, whereas hemagglutination titers with newborn RBC are 6 to 16 times higher in chickens, mice, and rabbits. This higher sensitivity is, however, short-lived, and adult RBC values are observed 7 days after birth in mice. Trypsinization has no effect on newborn RBC, but increases sensitivity of adult RBC to that of neonatal RBC and tends to diminish differences among individuals. On the other hand, trypsinization does not further enhance the very high sensitivity of pigeon, duck, and goose RBC or the low sensitivity of both newborn and adult guinea pig RBC. Human cord RBC proved suitable for use in hemagglutination-inhibition tests, since they gave titers comparable to those obtained with other types of RBC and offered some advantages: by comparison with animal RBC, they did not require adsorption to remove nonspecific agglutinins; by comparison with adult human RBC, they did not need trypsinization.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of pre-treatment of syngeneic mice with tumour cells cultured in vitro on the induction of a transplantable tumour.

The pre-treatment with in vitro cultured mammary adenocarcinoma (ADK-1t) cells strongly protects syngeneic Balb/c mice against the challenge with the same non-cultured tumour cells. If the cultured cells were detached with sodium versenate, 50-60% protection was given, whereas if trypsin was used only 20-30% protection was achieved. That in vitro culture considerably reduces the oncogenic potential of ADK-1t cells was shown by the fact that very many more cultured than non-cultured cells were required to induce tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancement of tumour growth by pretreatment with tumoral cells adsorbed by poly i:c deae-dextran complex in syngeneic mice.

Pretreatment of balb/c mice with ADK-1t cells adsorbed with Poly I:C DEAE- dx complex was found to enhance tumour growth as measured after challenge with non adsorbed ADK-1t cells. This results contrasts strongly with the increased tumour resistance previously observed when Poly I:C alone was used for adsorption. Some reasons are suggested for this striking difference.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inhibition of rubella virus hemagglutination by dextran sulfates of high molecular weight].

High molecular weight Destran-sulphates greatly affect rubella virus hemoagglutinin. The inhibition is to be related to the molecular weight. D.S. with p.m. 1,2 X 10(4) show no inhibitory activity, while D.S. 5 X 10(5), and furthermore D.S. p.m. 2 X 10(6) inhibit hemoagglutination. The inhibition appears to be related not to the effect of D.S. on red cells but to the interaction of D.S. with rubella hemoagglutinin. The entity of inhibition is a function of the concentration of D.S. in the test specimen: as much more intense is the former, as much higher is the latter. It is to be noticed however that also relatively little concentrations show to possess a clear inhibitory activity. Concentrations of 0,006 mg/ml and 0 ,05 mg/ml of D.S. (p.m. 2 X 10(6)) cause a lost of hemoagglutinin titre, showing respectively two and four twofold diluition lower titres than controls.

Dextrans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Action of a synthetic peptide on some syngeneic tumors].

The protective effect of intraperitoneal Peptichemio at different doses in a population of syngeneic mice with four experimental tumours is described. The drug is much used in oncology en account of its low toxicity and is both alkylating and antimetabolic. It was found more effective against plasmacytomas and less so against a spontaneous adenocarcinoma (ADK lt) Activity was noted at the lowest dose employed (4 mg/Kg five times on alternate days), which had no more than a slight immunodepressor effect and was unattended by sideeffects, as well as at the highest dose (10 mg/Kg). Evaluation of mean diameters and survival in the experimental animals and in the controls made it clear that the drug possessed almost general effectiveness, in addition to being most active against plasmacytomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of a synthetic peptide on the cytotoxic activity of the lymphocytes of animals with tumors].

The influence of Peptichemio on cell immunity was studied by examining the in vitro response of lymphocytes from animals bearing a tumour treated with the drug. Two experimental tumours with different features, i.e. an adenocarcinoma (ADK-1t) and a plasmacytoma (MOPC-460) were used. The former was more sensitive to Peptichemio. The colony inhibition test was used for the ADK-1t and 51Cr release for the MOPC-460 owing to the fact that two different methods of culture in vitro were employed. In the case of ADK-1t 4mg/Kg Peptichemio given on alternate days, five times beginning from the 3rd day after challenge, was followed by 40% reduction in lymphocyte toxicity by comparison with the controls. In the case of MOPC-460, on the other hand, no significant lymphocyte toxicity was observed, even in the controls. It was concluded that, in both cases, Peptichemio at this dose does not interfere with the immunity response of the host to any great extent, and is selectively active against neoplastic cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The immune response to cryotherapy of prostatic carcinoma].

The Authors look for the theoric process by which an immunological response can occur after cryosurgery of prostate carcinoma. The theories about the development of this hypothetic response are explained and thoroughly considered also in the light of personal results.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the cell dose on the development of 2 transplantable tumors in a syngeneic host].

The effects of different cell dose inoculation of plasmocitoma MOPC-315 and ADK-1t in Balb/c syngeneic mice are discussed in this work. Inoculated cell dose and neoplasia percent incidence have been noticed to be closely related, but unexpectedly two doses exist for each tumour, a comparatively small one and a definitely larger one, which cause nearly the same percent incidence. This paradox phenomenon is discussed also with reference to other researchers remarkers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aspecific inhibitors of rubella virus hemagglutination in normal and thyroidectomized rats].

Thyroidectomized rats show alterations in serum lipoprotein distribution with an high increase of low density lipoproteins (LDL): however inhibitors titre was the same both in control and in treated animals. Also removal of nonspecific inhibitors by precipitation with heparin-MnCl2 or D.S. CaCl2 methods did not show differences between control and treated animals.

Animals↗