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Biomedical subjects

A Price

Publications and source records attributed to A Price.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Panniculitis: a report of four cases and literature review.

Panniculitis is a disease with many causes and associations. The classification of clinical subtypes is unsatisfactory and hampered by the use of eponyms. Four children with recurring panniculitis are described and their histology presented. Three had subcutaneous fat atrophy with lobular panniculitis on biopsy; all responded well to corticosteroids. The fourth child had a septal panniculitis with no atrophy of subcutaneous tissues and only a partial response to treatment with corticosteroids. A widely accepted precise histological classification of panniculitis is needed to enable accurate predictions of the outcome of this serious disorder.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Interleukin-6 secreting human pituitary adenomas in vitro.

Interleukin-6 was found to be secreted from seven out of ten human pituitary tumours cultured in vitro. These tumours included prolactin-secreting, growth hormone-secreting and clinically non-functioning adenomas. The amount of Interleukin-6 secreted was variable from 58 to 10,000 units per ml. in medium removed after a four-day incubation under basal conditions. Four tumours secreted IL-6 in excess of 500U/ml, three of which were clinically non-functioning, but each secreted follicle stimulating hormone in vitro. This is the first report of a cytokine growth factor being released basally by human pituitary tumours.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase concentrations in serum before and 1-42 days after transurethral resection of the prostate and orchidectomy.

Preoperative intra-individual variation for determinations of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase concentrations, 15-30% in 92 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, limits the diagnostic usefulness of both tumor markers. In benign prostatic hyperplasia (214 patients), concentrations of these tumor markers increased in the initial postoperative period. Prostatic acid phosphatase concentration then decreased by the third postoperative day. Prostate-specific antigen concentration remained above normal in the first postoperative week but had decreased by 42 days. In prostatic carcinoma (46 patients), the concentrations of these tumor markers did not increase postoperatively. During the first week, the concentrations of prostatic acid phosphatase began to fall, but prostate-specific antigen showed a decrease only at 42 days. After orchidectomy (11 patients), the concentrations of both markers had decreased by five days. Concentrations of prostate-specific antigen but not of prostatic acid phosphatase were significantly increased in patients with metastases at 42 days postoperatively. When the concentration of tumor marker did decrease, the magnitude of change was greater for prostatic acid phosphatase than for prostate-specific antigen. These changes were accentuated after an orchidectomy.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

The use of CA15.3 as a serum tumour marker in breast carcinoma.

There is, as yet, no tumour marker which is sufficiently specific and sensitive for use in the routine assessment of breast cancer patients. CA15.3 is a recently described tumour marker determined by two monoclonal antibodies. We have estimated CA15.3 by immunoradiometric assay in 187 patients attending a breast clinic. Eighty-one patients with benign disease were used as controls and 32 U/ml was taken as the upper limit of the normal range (means + 3SD = 31.7). Of 58 women with Stage I and II disease, only four had abnormal concentrations of CA15.3 and all are disease-free at a mean follow-up of 31 months. Seven women with normal CA15.3 concentrations developed recurrent disease at a mean of 18.7 months (range 10-25 months). Seven-day postoperative values were significantly lower than pre-operative values. There was no association between the CA15.3 value and the axillary nodal status. The patients with disseminated disease had a wide range of CA15.3 concentrations and there was no association between the CA15.3 concentration and the apparent tumour load.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Direction of weight change in recurrent depression. Consistency across episodes.

The direction and extent of weight change during two separate episodes of severe, unipolar depression were assessed in 53 (unmedicated) outpatients in the Pittsburgh (Pa) study of maintenance therapy of depression. There was a high concordance (45 of 53 patients) of direction of self-reported weight change during the two episodes. Twenty-three patients lost weight during both episodes, 17 gained weight, and 5 showed no change. The extent of weight change between the two episodes was highly correlated. Self-reported weight change corresponded closely to measured weight changes in a large sample of the study population. Changes in appetite paralleled those in body weight. Duration of the episode and body mass index were related to the weight change, but two features of depression with which weight loss in depression has been associated (the endogenous character of the depression and it severity) were not. Direction and extent of weight change in unipolar depression appear to be stable patient characteristics across episodes and are thus potential markers for subtypes of depression. This stability of weight change is in sharp contrast to the lack of stability of the endogenous subtype in consecutive episodes of major depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acute radiation pneumonitis after postmastectomy irradiation: effect of fraction size.

Prior to 1982 the standard radiation tissue absorbed dose administered to the chest wall following mastectomy was 40.0-42.5 Gy in 10 alternate day fractions over 4 weeks. From 1982 the standard maximum dose was 45.0 Gy administered in 20 daily fractions over 4 weeks. On review of the records of the 770 patients treated between 1979 and 1984, 19 (2.5%) had symptoms of acute radiation pneumonitis, 7/484 (1.4%) treated by the earlier technique and 12/286 (4.2%) by the later technique (X2 = 4.56, P less than 0.05). The mean 4 cm depth doses on the chest wall were 33.98 Gy and 36.84 Gy respectively in the earlier and later populations (t = 5.06, P less than 0.001) and 33.62 Gy and 38.30 Gy in those developing acute pneumonitis. Comparison of these two schedules gives an alpha/beta ratio of 8.5 Gy. It is suggested that the sparing of symptomatic acute reactions in human lung by smaller doses per fraction may be less than currently believed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Composite mucinous and granulosa-cell tumor of ovary: case report of a unique neoplasm.

A 63-year-old woman presented with signs and symptoms of an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor. At laparotomy, this tumor proved to be a multilocular right ovarian mass 20 cm in greatest diameter. The cystic spaces were lined by typical benign mucinous epithelium of the endocervical type, while the greatly thickened cyst walls contained a diffuse proliferation of granulosa cells. These two disparate components were intimately mixed at a variably complex interface to form a composite tumor. While composite tumors showing sex cord-stromal and epithelial elements are well documented, they have all, to date, been of moderately to poorly differentiated androblastomatous or Sertoli-Leydig cell type, associated with heterologous mucinous elements of intestinal differentiation. The combination of granulosa-cell tumor with mucinous elements of endocervical or müllerian type has not hitherto been reported and is of uncertain histogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

Thyroid function in choriocarcinoma: demonstration of a thyroid stimulating activity in serum using FRTL-5 and human thyroid cells.

Hyperthyroidism is a well recognized complication of gestational trophoblastic tumours (GTT) and may be due to high circulating concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) or its variants. We have studied 24 clinically euthyroid women with GTT. Eight were biochemically hyperthyroid with low or undetectable serum thyrotrophin (TSH) and had a mean serum hCG of 361.2 x 10(3) IU/l compared to 76.2 x 10(3) IU/l in the other patients (P less than 0.01). Purified hCG stimulated iodide uptake into FRTL-5 cells with 25 x 10(3) IU/l being equivalent in potency to 1 mU/l of thyrotrophin (TSH). Sixteen out of the 24 sera (67%) stimulated iodide uptake when applied to the cells at a 1:10 dilution. Sera from all eight hyperthyroid patients contained thyroid stimulating activity. The mean hCG concentration in the 16 stimulatory sera was 238.2 x 10(3) IU/l compared to 37.1 x 10(3) IU/l in the other eight sera (P less than 0.01). Six men with hCG-secreting testicular tumours were biochemically euthyroid although three of their sera stimulated iodide uptake into FRTL-5 cells. In human thyroid cells the mean cAMP production over 4 h with sera from five healthy controls was 54.2 +/- 1.81 pmol/mg cell protein compared to 67.0 +/- 3.8 pmol/mg protein with sera from five choriocarcinoma patients (P less than 0.02). Serum from patients with gestational trophoblastic tumours contains a thyroid stimulating activity which may be hCG and whose presence correlates with hyperthyroidism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prostaglandins alter methacholine-induced secretion in ferret in vitro trachea.

The ferret trachea was mounted in an organ bath containing Krebs-Henseleit solution with additional bovine serum albumin (BSA). Tracheal secretions were collected and analyzed for albumin, and lysozyme, a specific marker of serous cell secretion. The total secretion volume and output and concentrations of albumin and lysozyme were calculated. Secretion was stimulated with methacholine (20 microM) (Mch), and the effects of the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, and PGF2 alpha on methacholine-induced secretion were studied. All responses were dose dependent. PGF2 alpha at 10(-5) M increased the volume of Mch-stimulated secretion twofold, the lysozyme output sixfold, and concentration over threefold, while decreasing the albumin transport by one-half. PGD2 at 10(-5) M reduced Mch-induced secretion volume to 75% control, increased albumin transport to 135%, without affecting lysozyme secretion. PGE1 at 10(-5) M increased Mch-stimulated albumin transport and concentration over twofold, decreased lysozyme release to less than one-third of control, and had no effect on secretion volume. PGE1 caused the albumin concentration to exceed that of the outer bath, indicating active transport. We conclude that prostaglandins selectively alter tracheal secretion induced by cholinergic stimuli.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1990

Thyroid-stimulatory effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin in early pregnancy. In vivo and in vitro studies.

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) shares structural similarity with pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH) and may act as a thyroid stimulator. We have studied serum hCG levels, thyroid function tests and the ability of serum to stimulate cultured thyroid cells in 40 subjects between 6 and 12 weeks of pregnancy. Serum free tri-iodothyronine was increased and serum TSH reduced in pregnancy samples (both p less than 0.05). hCG was detectable in all pregnancy sera with a mean level of 105.6 X 10(3) U/l. Serum from 24 of the 40 (60%) patients stimulated iodide uptake into cultured FRTL-5 thyroid cells. The potency of sera in stimulating cells correlated with the hCG level (r = 0.710, p less than 0.01). The stimulatory activity in some, but not all, sera could be specifically neutralized with antiserum to hCG. Partially purified hCG stimulated iodide uptake and growth of thyroid cells at concentrations of 50 X 10(3) U/l and above. In these experiments, 25 X 10(3) U/l of hCG produced equivalent stimulation to 1 mU/l of TSH. In 8 patients tested before and after termination of pregnancy, the thyroid-cell-stimulatory activity of serum declined rapidly in parallel with serum hCG. hCG may stimulate the thyroid gland at concentrations which prevail in normal pregnancy. Its potential as a physiological regulator of the thyroid gland is not widely appreciated and requires further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A longitudinal study of thyroid function in pregnancy.

We undertook a prospective longitudinal study of thyroid function in 36 pregnant women. There were significant increases in thyroxin-binding globulin, thyrotropin, and triiodothyronine. Albumin, free thyroxin (measured by an analog and a nonanalog method), and the free thyroxin index were significantly decreased. Results for the free thyroxin methods were correlated with each other in each trimester. We could find no evidence for artifacts related to albumin or thyroxin-binding globulin with either method for free thyroxin.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Radioactive needle implants in the treatment of anorectal cancer.

Radioactive needle implants were used to treat 44 patients with inoperable anorectal cancer. An implant dose of 60 Gy or higher was administered to 27 patients at a mean dose rate of 0.493 Gy/h (SE +/- 0.167 Gy/h). In five patients this was preceded by external beam irradiation. A further 17 patients received an implant dose of less than 60 Gy; this followed external irradiation in 10 patients. A complete response was achieved in 52% (16 out of 31) of patients assessed. Three of these patients later relapsed locally. The median duration of response was 23 months. A partial response of median duration 3 months was achieved by a further 13 patients. Five year actuarial survival was 23.9%. Serious morbidity occurred in six patients; three developed strictures and three necrosis. Features of the tumour and the treatment technique contributing to successful management are discussed. It is suggested that radioactive needle implants have an important part to play in the management of low-lying inoperable anorectal cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗