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Biomedical subjects

A Polliack

Publications and source records attributed to A Polliack.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of human leukaemia and lymphoma cells: a comparative study of techniques using immunolatex spheres as marker.

In this study scanning immuno-electron microscopic (SIEM) techniques were used to identify human leukaemia-lymphoma cells. Monodispersed polystyrene (latex) beads were conjugated to specific antisera using glutaraldehyde, in an attempt to detect surface antigenic components on a variety of cells of known origin. Antisera, mostly immunoglobulin fractions, against human thymus (T) derived cells, common type acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells (C/ALL) and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) bearing cells were used to coat latex spheres, while rabbit anti-mouse Thy-1 antiserum or whole human-IgG (gamma-globulin) bound to latex were used as controls in some experiments. The use of SIEM techniques in the direct mode as a simple and sensitive method for labelling surface antigens is described. The disadvantages of the SIEM methodology are also summarized while the requirements for optimal cell preparation using this technique are stressed. The experiments were designed to ascertain whether prolonged fixation of cells could be used prior to incubation of the cells with the marker. In this respect, repeated neutralization of the glutaraldehyde with glycine is essential. SIEM labelling of cells is random and unreliable without adequate quenching with glycine. The heteroantisera used in this study proved to be adequate and insignificant non-specific attachment and cross reactivity were seen. SIEM adds a further dimension to ultrastructural aspects of immunology and is a potentially useful tool in the study and identification of leukaemia and lymphoma cells.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1981

Positive identification of human leukaemic cells with scanning immuno-electron microscopy, using antibody coated polystyrene (latex) beads as markers.

Scanning immuno-electron microscopic labelling techniques were successfully used to identify a variety of leukaemia-lymphoma cells. Anti-T, -B and -common type acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) antisera were covalently conjugated to polystyrene latex spheres by means of glutaraldehyde. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy individuals and from patients with T-type ALL, B-type chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), acute and chronic non-lymphoblastic leukaemias (ANLL) and cultured leukaemia-lymphoma cells were incubated with the above antisera-latex conjugates. Positively labelled cells were easily identified by the presence of latex spheres on their surfaces. Cross reactivity of the antisera used and non-specific attachment of the markers were infrequently encountered. The results of this study confirm earlier scanning electron microscopic reports indicating that different leukaemic cells have characteristic surface features and show that scanning immuno-electron microscopy (SIEM) can readily be applied to the study of human leukaemic cells.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Use of multiparameter studies and scanning electron microscopy in the interpretation and attempted correlation of surface morphology with cell type in 135 cases of human leukemias.

Multiparameter studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on cells obtained from 135 cases of leukemia in an attempt to clarify whether there was a reliable correlation between surface morphology and cell type as defined by cytochemistry, membrane markers, and transmission electron microscopy. These studies also attempted to determine whether SEM could be used to distinguish lymphoid and nonlymphoid leukemias, to recognize different types of lymphoid leukemia, and to define the cell type involved in cases of unclassified leukemia. The results of this study suggest that there is a good correlation between surface morphology as seen by SEM and cell type identified by multiparameter techniques. In most cases, nonlymphoid leukemic cells could be distinguished from lymphoid leukemic cells on the basis of their surface morphology. SEM did not appear to contribute to the diagnosis of unclassified leukemia, but more cases of this nature must be studied. Despite the fact that acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells frequently showed fewer microvilli than did other lymphoid leukemias, overlap of surface features in about one-third of the cases did not enable SEM to be used as a reliable means of distinction. The above conclusions appear to be supported by preliminary scanning immunoelectron microscopic observations on leukemic cells. It is concluded that SEM is a useful aid to other modes of microscopy in leukemia but should not be used on its own to establish diagnosis.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1981

Ultrastructural, cell membrane, and cytogenetic characteristics of B-cell leukemia, a murine model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

A murine model of a spontaneous, transplantable BALB/c B-cell leukemia (BCL1) is described. Extreme leukemia and splenomegaly develop in H-2d-compatible recipients of tumor cells. Tumor cells are medium to large lymphocytes that can be transformed into plasmacytoid cells following in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Karyotypic analysis of transformed tumor cells reveals 36 chromosomes with several monosomies and 7 markers chromosomes. The ultrastructure of the tumor cells was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Although the appearance of tumor cells seems normal by morphological criteria, an impaired capping ability was documented using the fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A-binding test. Impaired capping ability was documented before leukemia was overt as early as 1 to 3 days following inoculation of tumor cells. The B-cell leukemia (BCL1) provides a useful murine model for the study of various aspects of human bone marrow-derived malignant disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Hypophosphatemia in a patient with lymphoma in leukemic phase.

A patient with histiocytic lymphoma had abdominal masses, hypophosphatemia, normocalcemia, and a normal serum parathyroid hormone value. After chemotherapy, transient hyperphosphatemia ensued, the abdominal masses resolved, and other manifestations of the disease were suppressed. One week after discontinuation of the chemotherapy, the abdominal masses and other signs indicative of reactivation of the malignant disease reappeared. During the relapse, the serum phosphorus level fell to 0.7 mg/dL, and urinary excretion of phosphorus became negligible. After resumption of chemotherapy, serum concentration and urinary excretion of phosphorus increased. These observation suggest that severe hypophosphatemia may be a complication of hematologic neoplasia. It is proposed that this abnormally may be caused by a shift of excessive amounts of extracellular phosphorus into the rapidly replicating malignant cells.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1981

Analysis of the peanut agglutinin-binding site as a differentiation marker of normal and malignant human lymphoid cells.

The lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA), which interacts specifically with D-galactosyl residues, was studied for its binding to human normal and malignant lymphoid cells at various stages of differentiation. As previously reported, PNA binds to thymocytes; however, it does not interact with the prothymocytes which precede the cortical thymocyte differentiation stage. No mature peripheral cells in any of the lymphoid organs bind PNA. In contrast to the normal T differentiation pathway, the expression of the PNA-binding site does not seem to coincide with that of T cell characteristics in the various malignant lymphoid cells studied. We therefore conclude that more information is needed about the nature of the PNA-binding site before it can be used as a differentiation marker in malignant lymphoid cells.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMed1980

Human prothymocytes. Membrane properties, differentiation patterns, glucocorticoid sensitivity, and ultrastructural features.

Thymic precursor cells (prothymocytes) comprise a large proportion of the fetal thymic cell population, but are less frequently encountered in the postnatal thymus, where they compose < 1% of the entire population. In the present study we attempted to characterize a number of properties of the prothymocytes obtained from human fetal thymic tissues after depletion of the E-rosette thymocyes on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. The prothymocytes are larger than the thymocytes and show a different nuclear chromatin pattern. This subset of cells lacks the E-rosetting and natural-attachment capacities and, unlike thymocytes, does not bind the lectin peanut agglutinin. Human prothymocytes are highly sensitive to the in vitro cytolytic effect of hydrocortisone, whereas the thymocytes are resistant. Long-term in vitro culture of prothymocytes resulted in the expression of thymocyte characteristics together with a burst of mitotic activity. Results of this study indicate that the rate of the prothymocyte proliferation is regulated by the small thymocytes present in the same suspension.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1980

Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as acute leukemia (Burkitt's lymphoma cell leukemia): report of two cases in Israel.

Two rare cases of Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as acute leukemia are described. Both patients had typical features of Burkitt's lymphoma with rapidly growing, extranodal tumor masses which were multifocal. The blasts infiltrating the bone marrow and peripheral blood showed cytologic, cytochemical, immunologic, and ultrastructural features of Burkitt's tumor cells. The cells had B-cell markers but lacked the EBV-DNA genome and had multiple microvilli as seen by means of scanning electron microscopy. In both cases, the disease was resistant to chemotherapy and rapidly fatal, despite the fact that complete remissions of short duration was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Establishment in continuous culture of a T-lymphoid cell line (HD-Mar) from a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

A new cell line, HD-Mar, was established from a pleural effusion of a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Formation of E rosettes, sensitivity to anti-T serum, elevated terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity, presence of T-cell and the common ALL membrane antigens, morphology, and cytochemical staining indicate that the HD-Mar line is of thymic derivation. Absence of any immunoglobulin determinants, the lack of EBNA or any other EBV-associated antigen or function are also characteristics associated with established T-cell-derived lymphoma cell lines. Karyotype analysis indicated a tetraploid origin of the cell line.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Association with vasopressin-responsive diabetes insipidus.

A rare case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with vasopressin-responsive diabetes insipidus (DI) is reported. The patient presented with polydypsia and polyuria of 9 L/day. Findings from special investigations of the CNS, including brain scan, computerized tomographic scan, EEG, and lumbar puncture were within normal limits. The patient's condition improved substantially after receiving vasopressin injections and later chlorpropamide. The incidence and underlying mechanism of this rare complication of acute leukemia are reviewed, and the response of DI to chlorpropamide is discussed briefly. In this patient it is presumed that the DI was caused by leukemic infiltration of the supraopticohypophyseal tract, posterior pituitary, or hypothalamus.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Lymphoblastic leukemic transformation (lymphoblastic crisis) in myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developing in myelofibrosis (MF) and myeloid metaplasia (MM) is reported in two patients. In both cases, the clinical course of the "blastic crisis" was rapidly progressive with little response to chemotherapy. The circulating cells were readily identified as lymphoblasts on the basis of cytology, cytochemistry, immunologic studies, and ultrastructure. In one of the cases, 40% of cells had T-cell markers and all cells contained paranuclear acid phosphatase. In the second case, cells had a "Burkitt-like appearance, contained multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles positive for oil red O, and one-third of them had B-cell markers. The development of lymphoblastic crisis in MF and MM occurs rarely, is analogous to blastic transformation in chronic granulocytic leukemia, and supports the hypothesis that myeloproliferative disorders originate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1980

Scanning electron microscopy of mycoplasmas adhering to erythrocytes.

The interaction of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum with human erythrocytes (RBC) was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The tight nature of the attachment of the microorganisms to the RBC was indicated by the indentation of the RBC surface at the site of attachment of M. gallisepticum cells and by traction and resulting distortion in the shape of the RBC at the point of its attachment to M. pneumoniae filaments growing on glass or plastic. In many cases attachment took place via the tip of the filaments, the membrane of the parasite appearing to be fused with that of the RBC. The morphology of the mycoplasmas growing on cover slips conformed in general with previous descriptions obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Growth of M. pneumoniae on glass or plastic consisted of branching filaments spread on the inert surface and microcolonies made up of intertwining filaments projecting into the medium. The filaments had a bulbous swelling adjacent to a tapered tip end. A few filaments were shown to have a ropelike helical twist. M. gallisepticum grown on the cover slips of Leighton tubes had a peculiar fusiform or teardrop shape with blebs at one or both poles of the cells. Elongated filamentous forms and chains of coccobacillary bodies were observed as well.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1980

Bone marrow necrosis as the only manifestation of disseminated carcinomatosis.

An unusual case with thrombocytopenia and bone marrow necrosis as the only manifestation of disseminated carcinomatosis is reported. The diagnosis was first established by repeated bone marrow biopsy which revealed marked necrosis without evidence of malignancy. The patient's general condition deteriorated rapidly despite therapy with steroids. Autopsy revealed disseminated metastatic adenocarcinoma, but the primary site of the tumor was not identified. It is suggested that malignancy should always be excluded in patients who have bone marrow necrosis without an obvious cause.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in acute leukemia: marked elevations in lymphoblastic leukemia.

Serum total lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were examined in 42 patients with acute leukemia, 9 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, 6 of them in blastic crisis, and 53 patients with lymphoma and other lymphoproliferative disorders. The mean range of serum LDH leveles in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 402 +/- 210 IU/liter and 313 +/- 113 IU/liter, while that of patients with nonmalignant disorders was 308 +/- 74 IU/liter. In acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), the range was 126-684 IU/liter (mean value 413 +/- 146 IU/liter). In 6 of the patients (11.3%) with lymphoma and in 6 cases (26.8%) with ANLL, the LDH levels were above 500 IU/liter. None of these patients had levels over 900 IU/liter. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had a range of 402-3582 IU/liter (mean value of 1669 + 1038 IU/liter). In 15 of the 19 patients (78.9%) with ALL, serum LDH values were above 900 IU/liter. In addition, 3 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CLM) in blastic crisis had levels of 970-1940 IU/liter. One of these 3 patients had lymphoblastic crisis, while the second case responded clinically to vincristine and prednisone, but was not regarded as ALL. The differences in serum LDH levels between ALL and ANLL are statisticaly significant (p < 0.001). It appears that markedly elevated serum LDH levels in acute leukemia are suggestive of ALL, and that in individual patients, the LDH levels were correlated with the number of blasts during remission and relapse.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Fatal Shigella dysentery complicated by toxic megacolon and bone marrow aplasia in a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia in remission.

A patient with Philadelphia positive chronic granulocytic leukemia in clinical remission is described, who developed Shigella dysentery complicated by fatal toxic megacolon, pancytopenia and bone marrow aplasia. The difficulties of differential diagnosis between active ulcerative colitis and Shigella dysentery and problems relating to the management of these two disorders are discussed. Leukocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukemia and its role in infection in these patients is also briefly reviewed. The rare association of bone marrow aplasia and Shigellosis is stressed.

Anemia, Aplastic↗