Biomedical subjects

A Poklis

Publications and source records attributed to A Poklis.

135 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of EMIT-dau Benzodiazepine Metabolite Assay for urine drug screening.

Six hundred postmortem and emergency room urine analysis for benzodiazepines were performed by both the "EMIT-dau Benzodiazepine Metabolite Assay" (EMIT) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Benzodiazepine drugs or metabolites were detected in 90 urines by TLC and 84 urines by EMIT. Of th six apparent false negative EMIT analysis, three were due to high edogeneous lysozyme activity and three were due to the greater sensitivity of TLC (0.1 mg/L) versus EMIT (0.5 mg/L). The EMIT assay sensitivity for four benzodiazepine drugs and five of their major uninary metabolites was determined. Benzodiazepines unsubstituted at the N-1 position displayed the greatest sensitivity by EMIT assay, 0.5 mg/L. Twenty-six "nonbenzodiazepine" drugs or drug metabolites commonly encountered in urine drug screening, failed to produce significant false positive or false negative results with the EMIT benzodiazepine assay.

Benzodiazepines↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pentazocine and tripelennamine (T's and Blues) abuse: toxicological findings in 39 cases.

The post mortem findings of pentazocine and tripelennamine ("T's and Blues") in abusers dying in the City of St. Louis between July 1, 1979 and July 30, 1981 are presented. Thirty-three deaths were homicides; 30 black males, ages 21-38; one white male, age 26, died from gunshot wounds; and two black females, age 18 and 32, died of stab wounds. Blood concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine in these cases ranged from 0.20 to 3.3 mg/L, (mean +/- SD 0.72 +/- 0.64 mg/L) and 0.02 to 1.8 mg/L (mean +/- SD 0.29 +/- 0.40 mg/L), respectively. The six deaths attributed to T's and Blues abuse involved three black males, ages 20, 28 and 49, and three black females, ages 21, 25, and 45 years. Blood concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine ranged from 0.44 to 2.5 mg/L and 0.09 to 4.1 mg/L, respectively. Ethanol and diazepam were also detected in 49% and 13% of all deaths, respectively. Foreign body or talc granulomas in lung were the most common pathological finding relevant to the abuse of T's and Blues.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thioridazine and its metabolites in post mortem blood, including two stereoisomeric ring sulfoxides.

Thioridazine and metabolites were determined by a selective HPLC technique in blood from five post-mortem cases; two deaths attributed to drug overdose and three deaths due to natural causes or trauma. Additionally, total thioridazine-like compounds were determined in these blood samples and liver specimens by a nonspecific fluorometric technique. Blood concentrations were: thioridazine, 0.78-8.85 mg/L; mesoridazine, 0.52-26.8 mg/L; and sulforidazine, 0.00-0.87 mg/L. Thioridazine-5-sulfoxide stereoisomeric DL,LD, and DD,LL pair concentrations ranged from 0.02-0.56 and 0.03-0.83 mg/L, respectively. Thioridazine metabolite profiles were not helpful in differentiating therapeutic administration from severe overdose. Liver appears to be the specimen of choice in the assessment of thioridazine overdose.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chlorprothixene and chlorprothixene-sulfoxide in body fluids from a case of drug overdose.

A case of fatal drug overdose involving chlorprothixene is presented. Chlorprothixene and chlorprothixene sulfoxide (CPT-SO) metabolite concentrations (mg/L) in body fluids as determined by spectrophotofluorometry were: blood, 0.10 and 0.60; bile, 3.9 and 7.0; urine, 0.4 and 3.4; and stomach contents, 340 mg and 25 mg total, respectively. Qualitative identification of chlorprothixene and CPT-SO was by thin layer and gas liquid chromatography and spectrophotofluorometry following alkaline permanganate oxidation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a modified colorimetric assay for the determination of acetaminophen in serum.

An evaluation of a new colorimetric assay (SIGMA-430) for the rapid determination of acetaminophen in serum or plasma was performed. Acetaminophen was reacted with nitrous acid to form a 2-nitro-5-acetamidophenol derivative, which was measured colorimetrically in an alkaline medium. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 50-500 mg/L. Within-run and between-run CV's with a 300 mg/L sample were 1.51% (n = 12) and 3.00% (n = 20), respectively. Mean analytical recovery of acetaminophen added to plasma at 50-600 mg/L was 102.0%. Seventeen commonly prescribed weakly acidic or neutral drugs were also analyzed by the method with no significant interferences. A comparison of 21 consecutive serum samples with the colorimetric assay and an HPLC method yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.989. Colorimetric values were statistically higher.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Five cases of fatal overdose from caffeine-containing "look-alike" drugs.

Five cases of death from ingestion of "look-alike" dose forms are reported. "Look-alikes" are widely used non-prescription drugs sold as appetite suppressants or stimulants. Three of the cases had taken caffeine/ephedrine combinations, and two had taken caffeine only. All had lethal concentrations of caffeine detected in the blood (130 to 344 mg/L), and three had high ephedrine concentrations from 3.5 to 20.5 mg/L. Caffeine and ephedrine were measured in body fluids and tissues (when available) by SIM gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after extraction with diethyl ether.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thioridazine 5-sulfoxide diastereoisomers in serum and urine from rats and man after chronic thioridazine administration.

Two diastereoisomeric pairs of thioridazine 5-sulfoxide (T5SO)(ring sulfoxide) were detected in serum and urine from rats and patients following chronic thioridazine administration. The isolation and identification of each pair of isomers was by thin layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Equal concentrations of T5SO pairs were present in serum and urine specimens from both rats and man. Therefore, the biotransformation and renal clearance of the isomers does not appear to be stereoselective in either species. An evaluation of chromatographic systems used in previous metabolic studies of thioridazine, and reasons for the lack of prior recognition of thioridazine 5-sulfoxide isomers is also presented.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Disposition of cocaine in fatal poisoning in man.

A fatal case of intravenous (IV) cocaine administration is presented. Cocaine tissue concentrations (mg/kg) in descending order were: kidney, 26; spleen, 22; brain, 14; heart, 6.1; skeletal muscle, 6.1; lung, 3.4; liver, 1.6; and adipose, 1.0. Body fluid cocaine concentrations (mg/L) were: urine, 39; bile, 10; vitreous humor, 2.4; and blood, 1.8. These results are in excellent agreement with cocaine tissue distribution in the dog following IV administration and limited tissue data in previously reported cocaine fatalities in man.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Xylazine in human tissue and fluids in a case of fatal drug abuse.

A fatal case of multiple drug abuse in a 36-year-old veterinarian involving injection of xylazine and ingestion of alcohol and clorazepate is presented. Quantitative analysis of xylazine was by gas liquid chromatography with a nitrogen detector. Xylazine concentrations (mg/L or mg/kg) were: blood, 0.2; brain, 0.4; kidney, 0.6; liver, 0.9; lung, 1.1; omentum adipose 0.05; and urine, 7.0. Blood ethanol and nordiazepam concentrations were 380 mg/dL and 2.5 mg/L, respectively.

Adult↗