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Biomedical subjects

A Philippon

Publications and source records attributed to A Philippon.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Hemoculture].

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Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1983

Nosocomial infections by chlorhexidine solution contaminated with Pseudomonas pickettii (Biovar VA-I).

Over a period of 10 days, six patients in a cardiac intensive care unit developed Pseudomonas pickettii (biovar VA-I) septicaemia after installation of a venous catheter. The organism was also recovered from all the vials of the aqueous solution of 0.05 per cent chlorhexidine ('Hibitane') prepared with contaminated bidistilled water. There were no further cases of infection when the use of this water was prohibited.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Rapid bioassay of gentamicin by bioluminescence (author's transl)].

Assay of bacterial intracellular ATP levels using the firefly bioluminescence system allows a very sensitive monitoring of bacterial growth. This test has been used in some laboratories fro performing a rapid microbiological assay of the concentration of antibiotics in the serum of treated patients. Rapidity of antibiotic determination is especially important in the case of antibiotics for which therapeutic concentration are close to toxic concentration. In the present work we have used the bacterial strain Klebsiella edwardsii var. atlantae for a rapid assay of gentamicin in the serum. We show that this assay is very accurate in the range of therapeutic serum concentrations. It may be readily performed in a routine laboratory with commercially available ATP extractors and luciferine-luciferose mixtures. This assay has been shown to correlate optimally with the classical plate diffusion assay (r = 0,983) and to be independent of the presence of beta-lactams in the serum.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1981

[The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of amniotic fluid (author's transl)].

The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of 100 samples of amniotic fluid (LA) was studied against 5 bacterial species that are responsible for neonatal infections. These results show that there is a bacteriostatic activity in liquor. 52 specimens of liquor amnii (52%) were shown to be active against at least one of the 5 bacterial specimens studied. 32 samples of liquor (32%) were active against Listeria monocytogenes, 21 (21%) against Flavobacterium meningosepticum, 18 (18%) against Escherichia coli, 17 (17%) against group B streptococci and 7 (7%) against Bacteroides fragilis. A simultaneous study of the 6 types of germs show a separate characteristics of this activity. In this way the number of samples of liquor that were active against one or at the same time against 2, 3, 4 or 5 bacteria were respectively 24, 19, 5, 2 and 2. The bacteriostatic effect was more frequently active in those samples of liquor which were studied near term (57.5%) than in the samples studied nearer the beginning of pregnancy (31.5%). All the same, this difference is not statistically significant. There was no difference in the antibacterial activity of samples of liquor from normal and from abnormal pregnancies. The bacterial effect was found only in 12% of samples of liquor, particularly against streptococcus B (8%) and against Listeria monocytogenes (4%). This bactericidal effect was only found after the 31st week of amenorrhoea.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

In-vitro uptake of glucose by bovine blastocysts.

Blastocysts, obtained from cows on Day 10-11 after oestrus, were cultured for 20 h. Most (81.3%) blastocysts grew in culture and about 50% took up glucose. There was no morphological difference between the blastocysts which did or did not take up glucose but development in vivo was better for blastocysts which had taken up glucose (69.2%) than for those which did not (14.2%).

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Beta-lactamases produced by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain highly resistant to carbenicillin.

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated at Besançon Hospital, France, proved to be highly resistant to carbenicillin and showed a high hydrolytic activity toward this antibiotic. We clearly demonstrated that two beta-lactamases were synthetized: one of them, constitutive, has its enzymatic activity directed mainly toward penicillins, and carbenicillin appears to be its best substrate (higher V(max)); thus, this beta-lactamase is a "carbenicillinase" that differs from the well-known "TEM-like" enzymes. The isoelectric point of this carbenicillinase is 5.30 +/- 0.03. The other one is an inducible cephalosporinase, very similar to the cephalosporinases usually found in these organisms. Its isoelectric point is 8.66 +/- 0.04. These two enzymes have been separated by affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The kinetic constants were measured by computerized microacidimetry.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1976

[Identification of Brucella of human origin, isolated in France].

28 strains of human origin, isolated in France, have been examined by the methods recommended by the International Committee on Nomenclature, Sub-Committee on Taxonomy of the genus Brucella including oxidative metabolism and phage typing. Their characteristics correspond to those which allow to define B. melitensis (22 strains) and B. abortus (6 strains). The B. melitensis strains are divided as follows: 11 belong to biotype 1, 6 to biotype 2 and 5 to biotype 3. Among the 6 strains of B. abortus, 4 belong to biotype 1, one to biotype 2 and one to biotype 3. For these two species of brucella, the oxydative spectre established in relation to 12 substrates may be represented graphically by a metabolic profile peculiar to the bacterial species and not to its biotype nor to the nature of the human or animal reservoir.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1976

[Treatment of experimental brucellosis of mice and guinea pigs by rifampicin].

The intracellular and bactericidal activity of rifampicine was observed in the treatment of experimental brucellosis in the mouse and guinea pig. Batches of mice infected by intraperitoneal route with B. melitensis, strain 53 H 38, were treated with rifampicine (20 mg/kg/day) or with tetracycline-base (200 mg/kg/day). When the treatment begins 14 days after inoculation and lasts a week, the rifampicine produces a more significant decrease of the weight of the spleen than does tetracycline. After 14 days' treatment, apart from this effect, the degree of infection of the spleen decreases at least 10(5) times with rifampicine and 10(2) times with tetracycline. After 21 days, bacteriological sterilization is obtained with rifampicine whereas 66% of the tetracycline-treated mice are still infected. However, a residual infection of weak intensity persists in 6.6% of the rifampicine-treated mice against 75% of the tetracycline-treated mice, as shown by an injection of Corynebacterium parvum and a cortisone treatment at the end of the antibiotherapy. If the antibiotic treatment begins on the day of inoculation, the greatly superior efficacity of rifampicine is in that case more rapid. Rifampicine (100 mg/kg/day) offers comparable efficacity in the guinea pig infected by intraperitoneal route with B. abortus strain 544; these efficacity is shown by the decrease in the weight of the spleen and the intensity of splenic and ganglionic infection. The rapid decrease of agglutinins and amboceptors after 7 days of treatment suggests the possible role of a suppressor of this antibiotic. Finally, the effect of rifampicine on the growth of the guinea pig was noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Identification of the beta lactamase R-TEM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

This paper is dealing with the enzymatic problem raised by two strains of Ps. aeruginosa resistant to classical beta lactam antibiotics including carbenicillin. These two strains hydrolyse all these antibiotics. In both cases, we have shown the simultaneous biosynthesis of two enzymes: an inducible and chromosome cephalosporinase frequently found in this germ, and a constitutive beta lactamase, with a penicillinase activity which has been identified with the extrachromosomic beta lactamase R-TEM. These two enzymes have been separated by affinity chromatography, characterized by their kinetic constants given by computerized microacidimetry, and their isoelectric points which are respectively 9.2 for the cephalosporinase and 5.40 for the penicillinase R-TEM. Isoelectric focussing also shows the separation of these two enzymes.

Amidohydrolases↗