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Biomedical subjects

A Pearson

Publications and source records attributed to A Pearson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The rhythm of life.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Modular organization of the E2F1 activation domain and its interaction with general transcription factors TBP and TFIIH.

The transcriptional activator E2F1 regulates the expression of genes at the G1/S boundary. We have characterized interactions of the E2F1 activation domain with two general transcription factors, the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) and TFIIH. Two distinct binding sites on E2F1 were identified for TBP (amino acids 386-417 and 415-437) each of which supported activation in mammalian cells when expressed as a fusion to a heterologous DNA-binding domain. Neither of these minimal activation domains independently bound TFIIH; rather, the TFIIH binding site of E2F1 overlaps both domains. Loss of TFIIH-binding by E2F1 resulted in a 60-65% reduction in transactivation, suggesting that the E2F1/TFIIH interaction is important, but not essential, for transactivation. The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) binds directly to E2F1 and represses E2F1-mediated transactivation. We have demonstrated that recombinant Rb can compete with TBP and the p62 subunit of TFIIH for binding to immobilized E2F1. A tumorigenic form of Rb deficient in repressing E2F1-mediated transactivation is likewise deficient in displacing TBP from E2F1. We propose that competition between Rb and both TBP and TFIIH for binding to E2F1 is a mechanism by which Rb inhibits transactivation by E2F1.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1997

An evaluation of the King's Fund Centre Nursing Development Unit network 1989-91.

This article reports on a study carried out in 1991 of the King's Fund team and the Nursing Development Unit network. The study is essentially descriptive and largely qualitative in nature and cannot therefore be the basis of generalization. Overall, it illuminates the emergence of a large number of embryonic nursing development units across the UK. The findings suggest that the NDU network established by the King's Fund has played an important role in the initiation of a number of these units and in providing them with ongoing support.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1997

Doctoral education in nursing for practitioner knowledge and for academic knowledge: the University of Adelaide, Australia.

Australian nursing has undergone rapid academization in the past 10 years and this radical change has tended to meld the somewhat different academic traditions of North America and Britain. The introduction of doctoral education in nursing in 1987 has led to a massive increase in scholarly activity and to the preparation of talented leaders. We concur with the view expressed by Henry (1997), "I am convinced that the problems we face in the nursing services would be much more creatively solved if the majority of our doctoral programs prepared young, energetic nurses, early in their career, for clinical practice, not for research and teaching" (p. 162).

Australia↗
PubMed1997

Comparative genomic hybridization study of primary neuroblastoma tumors. United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group.

Neuroblastoma tumors show a complex interaction of genetic abnormalities, among which some are of significant prognostic importance; however, analysis of chromosome changes in this tumor is often unsuccessful. Twenty primary tumors were studied by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and abnormalities were found in 19. While these changes included deletions of chromosome arm Ip (45%) and MYCN oncogene amplification (30%), gains of chromosome 17 material were much more frequent (75%). We also found evidence in two cases of a new amplification site at band 2p23.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Practicing nursing therapeutically through acting as a skilled companion on the illness journey.

This article explores nursing's heritage as a healing, therapeutic activity. It examines the central characteristics of nursing as skilled companionship and links them with the foundational core of nursing--a therapeutic relationship based on an understanding of the illness experience. In addition, it discusses the role of literature and performance in developing knowledge to advance nursing as a therapeutic activity.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Departmental role and scope in infection control: use of a template that meets Joint Commission requirements.

Since its inception in 1990, departmental role and scope in the infection control program have developed into the five important aspects currently defined by the Joint Commission. Each health care worker needs to understand his or her role in infection prevention and control, integrate it into daily activities, and articulate this role to others. This strategy for complying with Joint Commission standards meets customer needs and can easily be adapted for use in other medical centers. The process of defining departmental roles in the infection control program will continue to evolve with increased awareness of customer needs and emphasis on continuous quality improvement.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMed1996

Failure of vaccination to prevent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease.

Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease persist in dairy cattle herds in Saudi Arabia despite revaccination at intervals of 4-6 months. Vaccine trials provide data on antibody responses following vaccination. Using this information we developed a mathematical model of the decay of protective antibodies with which we estimated the fraction of susceptible animals at a given time after vaccination. The model describes the data well, suggesting over 95% take with an antibody half-life of 43 days. Farm records provided data on the time course of five outbreaks. We applied a 'SLIR' epidemiological model to these data, fitting a single parameter representing disease transmission rate. The analysis provides estimates of the basic reproduction number R(0), which may exceed 70 in some cases. We conclude that the critical intervaccination interval which would provide herd immunity against FMDV is unrealistically short, especially for heterologous challenge. We suggest that it may not be possible to prevent foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks on these farms using currently available vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Clearance of antitransferrin receptor immunotoxin from the rabbit eye.

PURPOSE: Antitransferrin receptor immunotoxin has potent antiproliferative effects on proliferating human ocular cells in vitro, and shows promise in the treatment of ocular proliferative diseases, such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy, bleb scarring after trabeculectomy, or corneal epithelial downgrowth syndrome. Before treating patients, the pharmacokinetics of immunotoxin must be known. The purpose of this study was to determine the clearance of antitransferrin receptor immunotoxin from the rabbit eye after ocular injection. METHODS: Immunotoxin (1,000 ng/0.1 ml PBS) was injected into the vitreous cavity of gas vitrectomized rabbit eyes. Immunotoxin in aqueous, vitreous, and plasma was measured by ELISA at various times after injection. Similar measurements were obtained after immunotoxin was injected into the anterior chamber or subconjunctival space of eyes which had not received vitrectomy. Cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells were exposed to vitreous fluid obtained after intravitreal injection, and counted after four days, to determine the bioactivity of immunotoxin recovered from vitreous samples. RESULTS: Immunotoxin was cleared rapidly from the vitreous cavity over the first 24 hr (t1/2 = 8.0 hr), and thereafter was slow. Drug recovered from the vitreous cavity retained significant antiproliferative activity at 96 hr. Immunotoxin was cleared within 6 hr from the aqueous after anterior chamber injection, and was not present inside the eye after subconjunctival injection. The plasma did not contain immunotoxin after any of these injections. CONCLUSIONS: The favorable pharmacokinetics of antitransferrin receptor immunotoxin in the rabbit eye suggests that it could be useful in the treatment of ocular proliferative disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Gender and nursing in colonial Victoria, 1840-1870.

The role of the nurse in health care has been the subject of a debate over time which engages with the ambiguity about the role of the nurse, the boundaries of nursing work, and the question of the status of women and men within the profession. In this paper we report on a historical analysis of the nature of nursing work in colonial Victoria, Australia, which was undertaken in order to understand how the nursing role evolved and was socially constructed in early Australia. A significant absence of accounts of nurses between 1840 and 1870, and a lack of comparative analysis of male and female roles in nursing care in this period, suggested a need to reveal some of the social, political and economic influences on the delineation of nursing work and the relevance of these factors to the relationships between hospital staff. The study adopted three strategies or methods. First, the scattered and diffuse references to the origin and development of the role and function of the nurse in this were collated, particularly identifying nursing duties and the existing division of labour. Following this, hospital administrative structures were analysed. Finally, an interpretive methodology of textual analysis was employed and the portrayal of nursing in a number of texts, including hospital histories, annual reports and contemporary literature were examined. This provided us with a socio-cultural and historical perspective on the nature of nursing work in early Victoria.

Australia↗
PubMed1995

Expression cloning of dSR-CI, a class C macrophage-specific scavenger receptor from Drosophila melanogaster.

Mammalian class A macrophage-specific scavenger receptors (SR-A) exhibit unusually broad binding specificity for a wide variety of polyanionic ligands. The properties of these receptors suggest that they may be involved in atherosclerosis and host defense. We have previously observed a similar receptor activity in Drosophila melanogaster embryonic macrophages and in the Drosophila macrophage-like Schneider L2 cell line. Expression cloning was used to isolate from L2 cells a cDNA that encodes a third class (class C) of scavenger receptor, Drosophila SR-CI (dSR-CI). dSR-CI expression was restricted to macrophages/hemocytes during embryonic development. When expressed in mammalian cells, dSR-CI exhibited high affinity and saturable binding of 125I-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein and mediated its chloroquine-dependent, presumably lysosomal, degradation. Although the broad polyanionic ligand-binding specificity of dSR-CI was similar to that of SR-A, their predicted protein sequences are not similar. dSR-CI is a 609-residue type I integral membrane protein containing several well-known sequence motifs, including two complement control protein (CCP) domains and somatomedin B, MAM, and mucin-like domains. Macrophage scavenger receptors apparently mediate important, well-conserved functions and may be pattern-recognition receptors that arose early in the evolution of host-defense mechanisms. Genetic and physiologic analysis of dSR-CI function in Drosophila should provide further insights into the roles played by scavenger receptors in host defense and development.

Amino Acid Sequence↗