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Biomedical subjects

A Pavie

Publications and source records attributed to A Pavie.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Iatrogenic left coronaro-atrial fistula after mitral valve replacement: apropos of a case].

The authors report a case of an iatrogenic fistula between the left circumflex coronary artery and left atrium. The fistula was a complication of reoperation to replace a mitral valvuloplasty annulus by a mechanical hemi-disc prosthesis (Saint Jude Medical). Diagnosis was made by transoesophageal echocardiography and confirmed by coronary angiography. The patient underwent external ligature under cardio-pulmonary bypass.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1994

Intraatrial insertion of a mitral prosthesis in a destroyed or calcified mitral annulus.

Infectious lesions and extreme calcification of the mitral valve annulus can make classic anatomic implantation of a prosthesis impossible. Confronted with these circumstances, we have developed a technique of intraatrial insertion of a mitral prosthesis. The prosthesis has been modified by enlarging the circumference of the sewing ring with a Dacron collar. The collar can be sutured to the left atrial wall above the mitral annulus. From 1981 to 1989, this technique has been employed in 36 patients: 15 had acute valve endocarditis with destruction of the mitral annulus and 21 had extensive annular calcification. In all cases, circumferential or partial intraatrial insertion permitted a secure implantation of the prosthesis. One operative death was related to the technique. It was an intractable bleeding caused by tearing of the very thin and fragile wall of the left atrium in a kidney transplant patient. Four patients were reoperated on for periprosthetic leak, in 3 of whom healing and cleaning of the mitral annulus permitted annular implantation of a prosthetic valve. There was no ventricular wall rupture. Our results suggest that the technique can be performed in high operative risk patients when mitral valve replacement is impossible by conventional techniques.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1994

[Chronic constrictive pericarditis. A retrospective study of a series of 84 patients].

Chronic constrictive pericarditis still poses diagnostic and therapeutic problems. A series of 84 cases (59 men-25 women; men age: 46 years) operated between 1979 and 1989 at the Pitié Hospital was reviewed. The majority of patients (72%) were in functional Classes III or IV; 88% had clinical signs of right ventricular failure and 18% had anasarca. The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 20 months. Chest X-ray showed pericardial calcification in 40% of cases. A characteristic dip-plateau pressure tracing was obtained in 76% of cases. A specific aetiology was only found in 36 cases (45%), only 12% being of tuberculous origin. A subtotal pericardectomy from phrenic to phrenic was carried out in 75 patients. The absence of planes of cleavage in 9 cases imposed a special operative technique consisting of "patchwork" sectioning of the visceral pericardium. The operative mortality was 2.3% (2 patients: pulmonary embolism and septicaemia). Non-fatal post-operative complications occurred in 8.2% of cases (7 patients). The survival rate excluding operative mortality was 94% at 3 years and 87% at 7 years. No patient was reoperated for recurrent constrictive pericarditis. At the last follow-up appointment, all patients were in functional Classes I or II. The authors conclude that the absence of specific symptoms, the low prevalence of the condition and the change in aetiology related to the decline in tuberculous infection make the diagnosis of chronic constrictive pericarditis very difficult. The diagnostic contributions of new imaging techniques such as CT and MR scanning should be assessed. This series confirms the efficacy of surgical treatment by subtotal pericardectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Sorin-Pericarbon pericardial bioprosthesis. A 4-year follow-up study].

Between January 1986 and December 1986, 106 Sorin-Pericarbon (new prostheses made of bobine pericardium) valves were implanted by our group: the object of this paper is to report the medium-term results of this new bioprosthesis. The probability of degeneration-free function at 4 years was 96.5 +/- 3.7% in patients with aortic valve replacement; the probability of reoperation-free survival for all patients was 95.2 +/- 3.3% and 96.5 +/- 3.7% for patients with aortic valve replacement with this prosthesis. The results of this new Sorin-Pericarbon bioprosthesis at medium-term are satisfactory and need to be confirmed at long-term by further follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Chronic disease of the ascending aorta. Surgical treatment and long-term results.

Between January 1979 and December 1991, we operated on 339 patients for chronic disease of the ascending aorta. The operation was elective in all. Endocarditis and its sequelae have been excluded. Thirty-one patients had a previous operation on the ascending aorta or the aortic valve; 268 patients had aneurysms of the ascending aorta without dissection; 72 had chronic aortic dissections, of whom 33 had a preexistent aneurysm. The patients included 272 men and 67 women. Mean age was 53.58 +/- 7 years. Eight percent of the patients had clinical stigmata of Marfan's disease. A tubular graft replacement was used in 7 patients, a tubular graft and valve replacement in 72 patients, and a composite valve graft replacement with reattachment of the coronary arteries using a 8 mm Dacron graft was performed in 260 patients. Concomitant procedures were used in 74 patients: coronary artery bypass grafts in 25, mitral valve replacement in 9, and aortic arch reconstruction in 40. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.6% (n = 26). For the whole group, multivariate analysis using stepwise logistic regression showed that operative risk factors were concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, age (increased), aortic valve regurgitation, and previous cardiac surgery. Follow-up was conducted in 303 patients, and risk factors for late mortality were studied. Long-term survival was 59.6% +/- 3.7% at 9 years. It was 67% +/- 3.5% at 9 years for patients without aortic arch reconstruction and 56% +/- 4.5% for patients with aortic arch reconstruction (p = 0.0018). Reoperation was needed in 14 patients. Actuarial freedom from reoperation was 90% +/- 0.2% at 9 years for all the patients. Only one patient with composite valve graft replacement and reattachment of the coronary arteries had required reoperation for problems related to this procedure. This technique is used routinely by our team, especially in patients with large chronic aneurysms, dissected or not, and in those who had previous operations. The long-term results are good.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1994

Cardiac echinococcosis. Surgical treatment and results.

During the last 15 years, eight patients with a diagnosis of hydatid cysts of the heart and one patient with a diagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease with intracardiac parasitic thrombus underwent successful operation at La Pitié Hospital. Only five cases had symptoms, and the remaining four cases were diagnosed incidentally. Serologic tests achieved a variety of results and were not determinant. All patients were examined with echocardiography and angiography, and almost all patients underwent magnetic resonance scanning. Sternotomy was the approach used, and all patients underwent operation with cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgical treatment included puncture and aspiration of the cyst content, previous sterilization with hypertonic saline solution, and excision of the cyst with closure of the cavity in seven patients with different concomitant procedures. No case of intraoperative rupture was reported, and the only complication was an atrioventricular block in a patient with a cyst of the left ventricular wall invading the intraventricular septum. There was no operative mortality, and only one late death was observed. No recurrences or associated complications were reported in the late follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Results of subtotal pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis.

The operative approach to constrictive pericarditis still remains a surgical challenge. Subtotal pericardiectomy through median sternotomy was analyzed retrospectively in a series of 84 patients operated on for chronic constrictive pericarditis at our institution between 1979 and 1989. The mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 20 +/- 6 months (1-264 months). Preoperatively, 72% of patients were in NYHA class III or IV, presented signs of right cardiac failure (88%) or anasarca (18%). Chest X-ray showed pericardial calcifications in 40% of the patients. Echocardiography revealed pericardial thickening in 62%. Among 62 patients in whom cardiac catheterization was performed, a characteristic dip-and-plateau was found in 47 patients (76%). A specific etiologic factor was identified in only 37 patients: tuberculosis (12%), recurrent acute pericarditis (9%), hemopericardium (9%), radiotherapy (5%), previous cardiac surgery (4%), bacterial infection (2%), myocardial infarction (2%) and connective tissue disease (2%). In 47 patients (55%), the constrictive pericarditis remained idiopathic. In seven patients we performed a redo-operation for previous incomplete pericardiectomy. Subtotal pericardiectomy (from phrenic nerve to phrenic nerve) was performed in 75 patients. A palliative procedure consisting of pericardial "meshing" was performed in nine patients due to an unsatisfactory cleavage plane. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in four patients for coexistent cardiac lesions. The operative mortality was 2.3% (two patients: septicemia and pulmonary embolism). Seven patients (8.2%) developed early on-lethal complications. The probability of survival for patients discharged for the hospital was 94% at 3 years and 87% at 7 years. There were four late deaths and no reoperation for recurrent constriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1993

Five-year experience with the Medtronic Hall prosthesis in isolated aortic valve replacement.

We reviewed clinical data in 216 patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement with the Medtronic Hall prosthesis. Between January 1983 and December 1990, a total of 216 prosthetic valves were implanted in 180 males and 36 females. Preoperatively, 45.5% of patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III to IV. Cumulative follow-up was 682 years, and 3.2% of patients were lost to follow-up. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 90% for the whole group. All the patients were anticoagulated with aceno-coumarol (Sintrom). There were no cases of structural dysfunction and one patient presented with valve thrombosis. The Medtronic Hall valve has a low rate of thromboembolic events without structural failure. It is an excellent device for aortic valve replacement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Tricuspid valve replacements in adults. Long-term results].

In the period between January 1979 and January 1989, 72 patients (46 women and 26 men, average age 46 years) out of 697 patients undergoing a tricuspid valve procedure, underwent prosthetic valve replacement for organic tricuspid valve disease. Sixteen patients had pure tricuspid regurgitation (Group I). The causal pathology was essentially traumatic (6 cases) and infections (endocarditis) (5 cases). Fifty-six patients (Group II) had organic tricuspid valve disease associated with a left-heart valvular lesion. The causal pathology was rheumatic fever in 52 cases and endocarditis in 4 cases. In 40 patients (71.5%) the procedure was a reoperation of a mitral and/or aortic and/or tricuspid valve prosthesis. In 21 cases, the initial operation had involved the tricuspid valve. All patients in Group I underwent valvular replacement with a bioprosthesis. In Group II, 40 patients were implanted with a bioprosthesis and 16 with a mechanical valve prosthesis. The follow-up was complete for an average period of 7 years (range 2 to 12 years) for a total of 295 patient-year. The hospital mortality was nil in patients with isolated tricuspid valve disease. Reoperation for deterioration of a porcine bioprosthesis was required after 4 years in 1 case. Terminal cardiac failure was responsible for one late death 7 years after surgery. The hospital mortality was 26.7% (15 patients) in Group II. The actuarial rate of patients free of reoperation at 7 years was 80 +/- 8%. The actual rate of patients free of any prosthetic valve related complication was 78 +/- 2%. The 7 year survival rate excluding operative mortality was 65 +/- 8%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of a new cardiotonic agent on human isolated atrium].

The action of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, RGW 29 38, was analysed experimentally. A preliminary study with guinea pig isolated heart, using Langhendorf's method, revealed a cardiotonic effect, though less than with isoprenaline and dobutamine, with which it was compared. The inotropic action of the compound was then studied using human isolated atrium. The model is described. It consisted of measurement by a strain gauge of the contractions obtained in a stimulated atrial fragment obtained during a surgical procedure. The following parameters were analysed, expressed as percentage increase in relation to baseline conditions: maximum tension developed, positive dP/dt and negative dP/dt. The effect of RGW (n = 6) was compared with that of isoprenaline (n = 7). RGW caused an increase in maximum tension of 195% +/- 91%, in positive dp/dt of 110% +/- 72% and in negative dp/dt of 168 +/- 54%. This increase was, however, less than that seen in the isoprenaline group. Thus RGW had a definite positive inotropic effect on guinea pig isolated heart and human isolated atrium, though less than that of the catecholamines with which it was compared. Isolated human atrium appears to be a useful study model, in particular for analysis of the inotropic action of drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prosthetic valve endocarditis with ring abscesses. Surgical management and long-term results.

From January 1978 to December 1988, 71 patients underwent surgical intervention at our institution for prosthetic valve endocarditis with ring abscesses. These procedures involved 59 aortic prostheses and 12 mitral prostheses. No causative agent could be identified in 19 patients (26.7%). The operation was performed during antibiotic therapy in 63 patients and after a planned course of antibiotic therapy in 8 patients. At the aortic level, abscesses were remedied by suturing in 3 cases, by pericardial patches in 34 cases, and by complex procedures in 22 cases (subcoronary valved conduit in 11 cases, supracoronary valved conduit with coronary bypass grafts in 10 cases, apicoaortic valved conduit in 1 case). At the mitral level, ring abscesses were cured in 10 cases by intraatrial implantation of the prosthesis. In one case, the prosthesis was anchored inside the left ventricle; and in one case the valve could be seated on the anulus. The overall operative mortality rate was 17%. Long-term survival was 54% +/- 8% at 6 years. Fifteen (26%) of the survivors needed a third valve replacement (four operative deaths); a complex reconstruction was performed in seven patients. Better detection of ring abscesses and earlier surgical intervention before annular destruction and hemodynamic failure can improve the operative mortality rate for prosthetic valve endocarditis. When it is necessary, complex reconstruction, in spite of a high mortality rate, seems to eradicate the infectious seat, and the outlook for the patient's condition appears good.

Abscess↗
PubMed1992

[Results of myocardial revascularization in patients aged 70 years and over].

The purpose of this study was to bring up-to-date the immediate risks and long-term benefits of coronary surgery in elderly people. The results obtained in a series of 475 patients in their seventies suffering from coronary disease who underwent myocardial revascularization alone or combined with heart valve replacement at the La Pitié Hospital, Paris, between 1984 and 1989 were analyzed. Coronary disease was associated with heart valve disease in two-thirds of the cases. The mean number of bypasses was 2.3 per patient. Aortic valve replacement was performed in 119 cases and mitral valve replacement in 12 cases. The operative mortality rate was 10.8 percent in patients with stable angina who underwent elective surgery. The factors which increased the mortality rate were: age (19.6 percent over 75 versus 13 percent under 75, P = 0.05); sex (23.5 percent in women versus 13.2 percent in men, P = 0.01) and emergency (25.8 percent, P = 0.02). No significant difference in mortality was noted between patients who had and those who did not have aortic valve replacement (15.8 versus 10.8 percent, P = 0.14). Fifteen patients (3.1 percent) developed perioperative myocardial infarction. During the follow-up, period myocardial infarction occurred in 7 patients. Out of 29 late deaths, 8 were of cardiac origin (infarction in 5, terminal heart failure in 3). The survival rate at 4 years was 76 percent. Among the patients who could be followed up, 80 percent are now asymptomatic, 15 percent are in stage I or II and 5 percent in stage III or IV of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification. Thus, despite a non negligible operative risk the functional improvement and survival rates obtained justify an increase in the indications for myocardial revascularization in elderly patients.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1992

[Coronary pathology after heart transplantation].

Graft coronary disease is a frequent and devastating complication with rapid development after heart transplantation. Until now, non-invasive and invasive methods have proved to be insensitive in the prediction and detection of the early stages of this disease. Conventional arteriography is considered as the only reliable means of diagnosis, but it remains insensitive in the accurate evaluation of the severity of graft coronary lesions (obliterative, diffuse and distal lesions). Precise quantitation of coronary lumen changes may be a sensitive method for the accurate evaluation of graft coronary disease and help in the understanding of the natural course of development of this disease. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. It is possible that graft coronary disease is a consequence of non-treated low-grade cellular rejections. In most cases, retransplantation must be considered as the unique solution.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1992

Myocardial protection by blood cardioplegia and warm reperfusion in heart transplantation.

We describe the technique of blood cardioplegia delivery as we routinely use it in clinical heart transplantation. This technique needs a specific circuit. Perfusion of a first dose of blood cardioplegia is immediately started on the arrival of the graft in the operating room. Cardiac reperfusion of a half-dose of blood solution without potassium is performed each 20 minutes. Myocardial warm reperfusion is started at the end of the aortic suture. This technique of blood cardioplegia and warm reperfusion during heart transplantation provided an improvement in heart preservation when compared with standard crystalloid solution.

Blood↗